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Reverse Zoonosis Of Pandemic A(H1n1)Pdm09 Influenza Viruses At The Swine/Human Interface, Daniel Gene Darnell
Reverse Zoonosis Of Pandemic A(H1n1)Pdm09 Influenza Viruses At The Swine/Human Interface, Daniel Gene Darnell
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged from the swine population. Despite frequent zoonotic events, swine influenza viruses had not become established in humans previously and little is known about host-barriers which prevent swine influenza viruses from efficiently infecting humans. Thus, the emergence of the H1N1pdm09 viruses in humans and the subsequent reverse zoonoses back to swine offered an extremely valuable opportunity to expand current knowledge. We used our active swine farm surveillance platform in combination with viruses from the USDA surveillance program to look for evidence of interspecies transmission of H1N1pdm09 viruses in the US. We found phylogenetic evidence …
Transcriptional Regulation Of Nlrc4 Inflammasome By Irf8, Ein Lee
Transcriptional Regulation Of Nlrc4 Inflammasome By Irf8, Ein Lee
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
The NLRC4 inflammasome is a crucial part of the innate immune response against bacterial infections. We found that NLRC4 inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) is greatly dependent on interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8). NLRC4-mediated caspase-1 activation and subsequent production of the inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and cell death were impaired in IRF8-deficient cells. IRF8 mediated the transcription of genes encoding NAIPs, the receptors for NLRC4 inflammasome, which recognize bacterial flagellin and type III secretion system (T3SS) proteins. IRF8 was critical for host survival following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium or Burkholderia thailandensis. Furthermore, mice deficient in IRF8 were …