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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Importance Of Noncapped Viral Genomic Rna To Alphaviral Infection And Pathogenesis., Autumn Lapointe
The Importance Of Noncapped Viral Genomic Rna To Alphaviral Infection And Pathogenesis., Autumn Lapointe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne arboviruses that have a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome, which are capable of causing severe disease and thus pose a significant burden to public health. During alphaviral replication, significant quantities of viral genomic RNAs that lack the canonical alphaviral 5’ cap structure are produced and packaged into viral particles, despite the fact that these noncapped genomes cannot be translated and are essentially noninfectious. The production and packaging of the noncapped genomes has been found to be true for infections across multiple vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines and alphavirus species, although the proportion of ncgRNA produced differs. Despite …
Plasmodium Impairs Antibacterial Innate Immunity To Systemic Infections In Part Through Hemozoin-Bound Bioactive Molecules., Christopher Lynn Harding
Plasmodium Impairs Antibacterial Innate Immunity To Systemic Infections In Part Through Hemozoin-Bound Bioactive Molecules., Christopher Lynn Harding
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite efforts to decrease the global health burden of malaria, infections with Plasmodium species continue to cause over 200 million episodes of malaria each year which resulted in 405,000 deaths in 2018 [1]. One complication of malaria is increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections. Plasmodium infections impair host immunity to non-Typhoid Salmonella (NTS) through activities of heme oxygenase I (HO-I) )-induced release of immature granulocytes and myeloid cell-derived IL-10. Yet, it is not known if these mechanisms are specific to NTS. We show here, that Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (Py) infected mice had impaired clearance of systemic Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) during …
Inflammasome Independent Leukotriene-B4 Production Drives Crystalline Silica Induced Sterile Inflammation., Bindu Hegde
Inflammasome Independent Leukotriene-B4 Production Drives Crystalline Silica Induced Sterile Inflammation., Bindu Hegde
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Silicosis is an irreversible lung inflammatory disease caused by chronic exposure to crystalline silica (CS) and is one of the most prevalent occupational diseases worldwide. Lipid chemoattractant Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) plays an important role in neutrophilic inflammation that drives silicosis and promotes lung cancer. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that CS-induced neutrophilic inflammation and lung tumor burden in K-rasLA1 mice is abrogated in the LTB4-receptor deficient mice. Another pathway whose importance is well studied in the progression of silicosis is the Nalp3 inflammasome pathway. Studies have shown inflammasome- dependent IL-1b to be …
Nutritional Virulence Of Legionella Pneumophila., Ashley M. Best
Nutritional Virulence Of Legionella Pneumophila., Ashley M. Best
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Legionella pneumophila is an environment organism that parasitizes a wide range of protozoa. Growth within the environmental host primes L. pneumophila for infection of human alveolar macrophages when contaminated aerosols are inhaled. Intracellular replication within either host requires the establishment a replicative niche, known as the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Biogenesis of the LCV depends on the type IVb translocation system, the Dot/Icm, to translocation >320 effectors into the host cytosol. Effectors are responsible for preventing lysosome fusion to the LCV, recruitment of ER-derived vesicles to the LCV, and modulation of a plethora of host processes to promote the intracellular …
Revisiting Neutrophil Responses To Toll-Like Receptor 4 : Influence Of Ligand Structures And Cellular Environments., Shuvasree Sengupta
Revisiting Neutrophil Responses To Toll-Like Receptor 4 : Influence Of Ligand Structures And Cellular Environments., Shuvasree Sengupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neutrophils respond to bacterial LPS through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which activates or potentiates immune defensive functions and prolongs cell survival. Activation of TLR4 signaling in neutrophils is beneficial for effective clearance of LPS-bearing Gram-negative bacteria, but may also drive aberrant inflammation if not stringently regulated. The regulatory processes by which neutrophil functions are calibrated to respond appropriately to different LPS-bearing bacteria are incompletely understood. Described here are investigations that reveal an unexpected sensitivity of TLR4 in neutrophils to small changes in LPS structure typical of various Gram-negative bacteria, including those that are dangerously virulent (Escherichia coli and Salmonella …
In Vivo Monitoring Of Therapeutic Efficacy And Virulence Profile By Bioluminescent Klebsiella Pneumoniae., Ramy Ameen Fodah
In Vivo Monitoring Of Therapeutic Efficacy And Virulence Profile By Bioluminescent Klebsiella Pneumoniae., Ramy Ameen Fodah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes an acute respiratory infection in human with severe outcomes and high mortality rates even with antibiotic treatment. Even with its critical clinical importance, few virulence systems have been identified for K. pneumoniae limiting the development of new therapeutic strategies. Accordingly, we performed Next Generation sequencing for the strain ATCC 43816, a virulent strain in mouse respiratory disease models, and compared its genomic data with two previously sequenced strains NTUH-K2044 and MGH 78578 for the purpose of identifying genes required for colonizing host lungs. Furthermore, the virulence potential of the three K. pneumoniae strains were tested in a …
Porphyromonas Gingivalis Gingipains Induce A Pro-Inflammatory Extracellular Microenvironment : The Role Of Par-2 And Fibronectin., Jeffrey S. Marschall
Porphyromonas Gingivalis Gingipains Induce A Pro-Inflammatory Extracellular Microenvironment : The Role Of Par-2 And Fibronectin., Jeffrey S. Marschall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by severe tissue destruction of the gingiva and other tooth supporting structures; if left untreated, tooth loss and disintegration of the alveolar bone occurs. This chronic inflammatory state has been linked to other systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major pathogenic microbe in periodontitis. The main virulence factors of P. gingivalis are the Arg-aa and Lys-aa gingipains, which are proteolytic enzymes implicated in a plethora of activities that allow P. gingivalis to subvert the human immune system in the oral cavity …
Immunomodulation Of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells By Particulate B-Glucan In Cancer., Sabrin Husein Albeituni
Immunomodulation Of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells By Particulate B-Glucan In Cancer., Sabrin Husein Albeituni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that promote tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of dectin-1 stimulation by yeast-derived particulate β-glucan in MDSC function and differentiation in cancer. In vivo treatment of mice bearing lewis lung carcinoma and mammary cell carcinoma with particulate β-glucan decreased tumor weight and splenomegaly, and reduced the accumulation of polymorphonuclear-MDSC (PMN-MDSC) but not monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC) in the spleen and tumor. In addition, particulate β-glucan differentially modulated the function of different MDSC subsets; it enhanced PMN-MDSC respiratory burst and apoptosis, and induced the differentiation of M-MDSC into …
The Involvement Of Beta-Catenin In The Inflammatory Response Leading To Autoimmune Diabetes Development., Arin Lee Zirnheld
The Involvement Of Beta-Catenin In The Inflammatory Response Leading To Autoimmune Diabetes Development., Arin Lee Zirnheld
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We identified and characterized a novel defect in β-catenin expression in bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from NOD mice, a model for human Type I diabetes. This protein is expressed at high levels throughout the lifespan of the mouse and correlates with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the BMDC and IFNγ induction by T cells cocultured with the BMDC. These defects, including a similar pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, are also observed in human monocytederived DC from diabetic patients. After exploring several potential mechanisms involved in the accumulation of β-catenin in NOD BMDC, we found that β-catenin is phosphorylated …
Characterization Of Seca-Sod Operon In Borrellia Burgdorferi., Tonya Lynn Nichols
Characterization Of Seca-Sod Operon In Borrellia Burgdorferi., Tonya Lynn Nichols
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been characterized as a microaerophilic spirochete. O2 consumption and utilization potentially yield reactive oxygen intermediates, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide. This study investigated the expression of the sod gene, which encodes the only, identified oxidative defense mechanism in B. burgdorferi. Using primer extension analysis and RT-PCR, it was found that sod and secA are organized as a single transcriptional unit under the control of σ70-like promoter upstream of the secA open reading frame. Generally, gene expression decreases with increased distance from the promoter; however, secA expression was observed …