Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Age-Related Changes In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization: A Review, Maxwell T. Aiken, Sabrina S. Salvatore, Kyle N. Zelenski, Ryan K. Perkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems are intrinsically interconnected, sharing the goal of delivering oxygen to metabolically active tissue. Deficiencies within those systems that affect oxygen delivery to working tissues are a hallmark of advancing age. Oxygen delivery and utilization are reflected as muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) and may be assessed using near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS). PURPOSE: This review is intended to provide an update on the current state of literature regarding age-related effects on SmO₂. Furthermore, we attempt to bridge the gap between SmO₂ and associated underlying mechanisms affected by aging. FINDINGS: SmO …

Mitochondrial Integrity Distinguishes Exercise-Induced Vs. Pathogenic Cardiac Hypertrophy, Nicole Lee Yang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiac hypertrophy is a consequence of exercise training, as well as certain cardiomyopathies. However, the key genetic drivers of cardiomyocellular remodeling in a healthy vs diseased heart are inadequately understood. PURPOSE: Determine the genetic architecture of exercise training-induced cardiomyocellular remodeling and hypertrophy. METHODS: The exercise hybrid mouse diversity panel (ExcHMDP) is comprised of 100 strains of Exc trained (TRN) and sedentary (SED) animals (n=4-8/strain per group). After 30d of exercise, running wheels were locked, and 24-hours post-exercise, 6h-fasted animals were euthanized and tissues harvested (~20 tissues/mouse). To interrogate pathogenic cardiac hypertrophy, isoproterenol (ISO, 30mg/kg/day for 21d) was administered to …

The Relationship Between Catecholamines And Lactate Concentration In Response To Exercise In Adolescents With Obesity, Vincent Vuong, Daniela Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epinephrine is a catabolic hormone that increases metabolism through glycolysis and glycogenolysis. During exercise, accelerated glycogen and glucose breakdown is associated with increased lactate production. Previous studies show obesity (OB) decreases the epinephrine response during exercise potentially affecting glucose metabolism and lactate production. PURPOSE: To compare the epinephrine and lactate responses in adolescents with OB and adolescents with normal weight (NW) and to determine if changes in epinephrine and lactate concentrations are associated. METHODS: 12 adolescents with OB (9.2 ± 1.2 y, 39.9 ± 6.8% body fat) and 12 adolescents with NW (17.5 ± 4.6% body fat) completed …

Different Resistance Training Protocols During The Crunch Exercise Affect Muscle Thickness, Echo-Intensity, Load Lifted, And Perception Of Effort In Recreationally-Trained Participants., Keanna J. Sullivan, Paulo H. Marchetti

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The correct choice of the acute variables is another important component of a resistance training (RT) session. The combination of intensity and volume is fundamental to determine the dose-response in a RT session and can induce specific metabolic and mechanical stress in the muscle. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate acute dose-response of different volume x intensity RT protocols with equated total volume (40 repetitions) during the crunch exercise on muscle thickness, echo-intensity, load lifted, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally-trained participants. METHODS: Fifteen resistance-trained participants (23±3years, 76.4±6.5kg, 173.3±6.5cm) performed the abdominal crunch exercise …

Effects Of Acute Aerobic Exercise On Circulating Stlr And Srage Profiles In Normoglycemic And Insulin-Resistant Individuals, Ryan K. Perkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Impaired blood glucose regulation as a consequence of insulin resistance is linked to development of many clinical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s, and skeletal muscle wasting via inflammatory processes. Recent evidence suggests circulating solubilized Toll-Like Receptor (sTLR) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (sRAGE) originate from skeletal muscle and are related to glucose management and inflammation. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to explore 1) relationships among sTLR and sRAGE profiles and indices of metabolic health and 2) sTLR and sRAGE responses to an acute bout of aerobic exercise (AE) in normoglycemic (NG) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. We hypothesized …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Quality Of Sleep In College Students, Jaidyn N. Olson, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In addition to the rigors of academic life post pandemic, students are often faced with balancing a healthy mindset, extracurricular activities, family time, and employment, all while pursuing their future professional career. Each of these endeavors takes time and effort on the part of the individual. When stressed with little time to spare, health behaviors in a college student are typically last on the list of priorities and often physical activity and sleep get the least amount of attention. While both sleep and physical activity have been shown to benefit college student success, they are more often than not, forgotten. …

Effects Of Time-Restricted Exercise On Training Induced Adaptations In Mice, Graham R. Mcginnis, Michael Dial, Elias M. Malek, Greco Neblina, Austin Cooper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent studies have shown that the time of day that exercise is performed can alter the physiological and molecular response. However, very few studies have investigated the longitudinal effects of time-of-day dependent training. Identification of an optimal exercise timing could lead to subsequent exercise prescriptions to elicit specific adaptations based on desired outcomes in healthy or disease populations.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if voluntary exercise performed at different times of day would alter the physiological response to training. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Labs) housed on a strict 12:12 light dark cycle performed …

Feasibility And Preliminary Efficacy Of Implementing A Group-Mediated Cognitive Behavioral Resistance Exercise Intervention In Head And Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation Treatment, Kathryn Dispennette, Dukagjin Blakaj, Megan Kilar, Zachary Chaplow, Jessica Bowman, Victoria Descenza, Xiaochen Zhang, Brian Focht

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Head and neck cancer (HNCa) patients report some of the lowest quality of life (QOL) compared to other cancer populations, due to the clinically meaningful deficits in muscle mass, called cancer cachexia, and physical function that are associated with the established standard of care, which includes Chemoradiation therapy (CRT). PURPOSE: Determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of implementing a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) resistance exercise (RE) intervention in HNCa patients undergoing CRT. METHODS: The HNCaRE study was a single-arm, pilot trial designed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of implementing a GMCB personalized RE intervention in …

Self-Efficacy For Exercise Influences Quality Of Life, Tanya Alvarez, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Assessing the influence self-efficacy (motivation) for exercise had on both perceived physical and mental health (aka; quality of life) in college students. Methods: College/university students (>18 years) from any institution were recruited to participate in an online research study. The students were asked to volunteer in a cross-sectional Qualtrics survey sent through different forms of communication; flyers, announcements, and an electronic email. Participants were asked to answer a series of questions; however, for this particular study, the main focus was perceived physical and mental health measured with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health-Related Quality of Life …

One Year Effects Of Rock Steady Boxing Exercise In Parkinson’S Disease, Stephanie Mercado, Tianna Wehby, Maria Bellumori

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease resulting in physical function decline. Exercise slows the progression of PD. Rock Steady Boxing (RSB) is a high-intensity, non-contact boxing program designed for people with PD. While it is typically ideal to obtain measurable improvements upon starting an exercise regimen, due to the progressive nature of PD and ensuing decline in function, maintenance is a primary goal in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an RSB program maintains physical function in people with PD. METHODS: Eighteen people with PD (Hoehn-Yahr levels 1-4, ages 65-83) completed tests …

Academic Stress And Motivation For Physical Activity In College Students, Gustavo Donis-Castro, Sarah Dunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Stress and the college experience go hand in hand. Stress has been shown to negatively impact a college student’s life and their confidence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence that academic stress in college students has on one's motivation to participate in physical activity (PA). METHODS: An Institutional Review Board approved Qualtrics, cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the fall 2021 term. This study utilized the 13-item Perceived Stress Inventory (PSI), and 9-item Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE), based on studies by Avdija, A. S. (2018) and Resnick, et al. (2000) respectively. Questions …

The Impact Of Squat Velocity On Force, Power, And Muscle Activity, Kyle D. Puccini, James Baldonado, Bonnie Yee, Christie R. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The squat is a thoroughly examined movement pattern and commonly used in sport performance training protocols, rehabilitation programs, and recreational exercise. Previous research measuring absolute strength has shown hamstring muscle activity in a six-repetition max barbell back squats. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of varying squat velocities (25, 50, 75 deg/s) on force, power, and the activation of the quadricep and hamstring muscles. Using a single-blind randomized research design, we hypothesized that hamstring muscle activity will increase at faster squat velocities. Our secondary hypothesis is that peak power will occur at 50 deg/s and …

Exercise And Esr1 Control Mitochondrial Content And Function To Regulate Adiposity, Alice M. Ma, Nicole Lee Yang, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Zhenqi Zhou, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue remodeling to enhance metabolic health in response to exercise training remain inadequately understood. PURPOSE: We utilized mouse genetics and human GWAS to determine the impact of exercise training on mitochondrial DNA copy number, and interrogate the relationship between Esr1 and adipose tissue health. METHODS: We performed RNAseq on adipose tissue from 100 strains of inbred mice following exercise training and determined mitochondrial content by qPCR. We performed deep phenotyping of mice harboring conditional Esr1 overexpression selectively in adipose tissue. Adipose specific Esr1 overexpression and control mice were fed a high fat diet and …

Exercise Therapy Improves Quality Of Life In Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (Pots), Heya Batah, Scott L. Baughan

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using

George SA, Bivens TB, Howden EJ, et al. The international POTS registry: Evaluating the efficacy of an exercise training intervention in a community setting. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(4):943-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.12.012

for exercise efficacy in patients with POTS.

Associations With The Number Of Well-Known Grocery Stores, Gyms, And Parks To Median Household Income, Sara Le, Edward Merritt Phd, Vanessa Mikan Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Segregated neighborhoods are linked to the environmental exposures, education and behavior of their residents. Access to exercise and nutrition resources are dependent on whether or not residents are able to afford it or not. PURPOSE: To identify the associations between the location of nutrition and exercise resources to household income. METHODS: Selective Zip codes in the Austin Area were used to identify the median household income through an online search where data is collected from the U.S. Census. Selective grocery store companies and gyms were found through an online search of their website “store locator.” Neighborhood parks were identified by …

Comparison Of Physiological Responses And Perceived Respiratory Resistance Among Mask Usage During Exercise, Brandie C. Cheshier, Bert H. Jacobson, Quincy R. Johnson, Sergio Perez, Antonio Diaz Perez, Daniel J. Lawson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of a face mask in public is recommended when social distancing cannot be maintained to decrease the spread of the virus with many fitness facilities requiring their patrons to wear a face mask during exercise. The physiological response of wearing a face mask during exercise is relatively unknown and is speculated among the media resulting in contradicting messages conveyed to the public PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if a face mask influenced performance (time to exhaustion), physiological responses (heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation and temperature) and subjective measurements …

Cortisol, Heart Rate, And Perceived Exertion Responses To Different Resistance Training Protocols With And Without Blood Flow Restriction, Megan L. Zamora, Marco Arriaga, Jorge Bejar, Sue Anne Chew, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different resistance exercise protocols on cortisol, heart rate, and perceived exertion. METHODS: Eight males and eight females (age = 21.8 ± 2.6) performed three randomly assigned exercise protocols on three separate occasions: low-intensity resistance training (RT) exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) at 20% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) (BFR20), moderate-intensity RT exercises with BFR at 40% of 1-RM (BFR40), and traditional high-intensity RT exercises at 80% of 1-RM (HI80). Participants completed 2-3 circuits of four sets in the leg press and leg extension machines. Total volume …

Barriers To Exercise: Fitness Made Simple, John A. Steinharter Ms

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Lifestyle modification is a necessary component of managing chronic illnesses in order to obtain the best outcomes. Exercise has been shown to be efficacious at improving outcomes in a number of different clinical contexts. Patient adherence to exercise as a lifestyle modification is lower than desired due to multifactorial etiology including socioeconomic constraints, disability, chronic pain, and motivation. This project attempts to address all four with a site specific educational pamphlet.

Home Exercise For Patients With Limited Access And Resources, Justin L. Esteban

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Patients with limited resources and who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, don’t have the time or resources available to partake/pursue exercise. Having a home workout program may prove to be beneficial to patients who don't have access to a gym, equipment, or are otherwise constrained by time.

Tackling Access To A Healthier Life, Edom Alemayehu Girma

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Obesity is a known risk factor for complications during childhood and later in adult life. While numerous factors play a role in the prevalence of obesity, this project focused on better intervention for obesity management in the family medicine clinic located in Plattsburgh, NY. Interviews and literature searches were conducted to determine possible strategies to better assist patients in attaining their sustainable weight loss goals and an overall healthier lifestyle.

Promoting Exercise In The Elderly Population Through An Informative Handout, Stephen Brand

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Physical activity has been shown to reduce risk of morbidity, mortality and prolongs life expectancy in the elderly population. However, many factors can inhibit one’s ability to exercise, including economic strain. Fortunately, a program known as SilverSneakers provides access to fitness centers and fitness classes designed for seniors which is included with certain eligible Medicare plans. This project aims to promote physical activity in patients aged 65 or greater who may not be aware of the potential access they have to local health clubs in the greater Southern Connecticut area.