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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Factors In The Probability Of Covid-19 Transmission In University Classrooms, Charles Connor
Factors In The Probability Of Covid-19 Transmission In University Classrooms, Charles Connor
Numeracy
University students and faculty members need an effective strategy to evaluate and reduce the probability that an individual will become infected with COVID-19 as a result of classroom interactions. Models are developed here that consider the probability an individual will become infected as a function of: prevalence of the disease in the university community, number of students in class, number of class meetings, and transmission rate in the classroom given the presence of an infected individual. Absolute probabilities that an individual will become infected in a classroom environment cannot be calculated because some of these factors have unknown values. Nevertheless, …
The Covid-19 Pandemic And The Power Of Numbers, Jessica Ancker
The Covid-19 Pandemic And The Power Of Numbers, Jessica Ancker
Numeracy
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a deluge of news coverage of quantitative concepts. In this viewpoint, we provide examples of effective and poor quantitative communication by the professional news media as well as social media communicators. Effective examples include a number of online animations and engaging interactive simulations. Examples of poor quantitative communication include the widespread reporting of raw numbers rather than rates, failing to address uncertainty, not providing sufficient context for numbers, and not discussing the implications of false negative and false positive diagnostic test results. Educators can draw from this body of news to develop compelling quantitative literacy …
The Impact Of Calculators On A Test Of Clinician Numeracy: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Anne A. Taylor, Douglas R. Corfield, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis
The Impact Of Calculators On A Test Of Clinician Numeracy: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Anne A. Taylor, Douglas R. Corfield, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis
Numeracy
Clinician numeracy (CN), the ability to use and understand quantitative data in patient care, is an important skill for healthcare professionals. Nonetheless, it is recognized that many healthcare professionals, including doctors, have deficiencies in CN, and that this may affect patient safety. In our previous research using the Medical Interpretation and Numeracy Test (MINT), we found that many doctors in training in the UK had low CN. However, participants were not permitted to use calculators when taking the MINT, even though staff has access to calculators in clinical practice. Therefore, our original study may have underestimated doctors’ CN, compared to …
Using Visual Analogies To Teach Introductory Statistical Concepts, Jessica S. Ancker, Melissa D. Begg
Using Visual Analogies To Teach Introductory Statistical Concepts, Jessica S. Ancker, Melissa D. Begg
Numeracy
Introductory statistical concepts are some of the most challenging to convey in quantitative literacy courses. Analogies supplemented by visual illustrations can be highly effective teaching tools. This literature review shows that to exploit the power of analogies, teachers must select analogies familiar to the audience, explicitly link the analog with the target concept, and avert misconceptions by explaining where the analogy fails. We provide guidance for instructors and a series of visual analogies for use in teaching medical and health statistics.
Clinician Numeracy: Use Of The Medical Interpretation And Numeracy Test In Foundation Trainee Doctors, Anne A. Taylor, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis
Clinician Numeracy: Use Of The Medical Interpretation And Numeracy Test In Foundation Trainee Doctors, Anne A. Taylor, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis
Numeracy
Patient safety is a priority in healthcare today. Good clinician numeracy in doctors contributes to patient safety, since it is essential for accuracy in prescribing, and in data interpretation. Evidence, however, suggests that although doctors are assumed to be highly numerate, they often make errors in drug dose calculation and struggle to interpret medical statistics. Having developed a new assessment measure, the Medical Interpretation and Numeracy Test (MINT), we describe its use to evaluate clinician numeracy in 135 recently qualified doctors in the UK ("foundation trainees," i.e., in their first two years post-graduation). The maximum possible test score was 43; …
Parts Of The Whole: Error Estimation For Science Students, Dorothy Wallace
Parts Of The Whole: Error Estimation For Science Students, Dorothy Wallace
Numeracy
It is important for science students to understand not only how to estimate error sizes in measurement data, but also to see how these errors contribute to errors in conclusions they may make about the data. Relatively small errors in measurement, errors in assumptions, and roundoff errors in computation may result in large error bounds on computed quantities of interest. In this column, we look closely at a standard method for measuring the volume of cancer tumor xenografts to see how small errors in each of these three factors may contribute to relatively large observed errors in recorded tumor volumes.
Clinician Numeracy: The Development Of An Assessment Measure For Doctors, Anne A. Taylor, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis
Clinician Numeracy: The Development Of An Assessment Measure For Doctors, Anne A. Taylor, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis
Numeracy
Low numeracy in doctors poses serious risks to patient safety because inaccurate drug dose calculation may lead to under-treatment or overdose, while erroneous data interpretation affects medical decision making. Most research on numeracy in healthcare focuses on health numeracy in patients, while research on numeracy in doctors, “clinician numeracy”, is limited, partly due to the lack of a suitable assessment measure. We developed a new assessment, the Medical Interpretation and Numeracy Test (MINT), to assess clinician numeracy. The MINT tests computational, analytical and statistical constructs, using a combination of questions validated in other studies, and new test material specifically designed …