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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Evaluation Of The Hare-Pscan In A Non-Clinical Population, Cristal Elwood, Norman Poythress, Kevin Douglas
Evaluation Of The Hare-Pscan In A Non-Clinical Population, Cristal Elwood, Norman Poythress, Kevin Douglas
Norman Poythress
Using 100 university undergraduates as participants, this study examined the structural reliability and construct validity of Hare and Hervé's P-SCAN (Hare & Hervé, 1999) a 90-item measure that purports to serve as an “… early warning system” or “rough screening device” (p. 1) for identifying individuals with substantial psychopathic features. Internal consistency indices (e.g. Cronbach's α, mean inter-item correlations) for the three P-SCAN subscales (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle) suggested excellent reliability. Statistically significant, though modest correlations (range 0.21–0.33) were obtained in 5 of 6 comparisons with the self-report Primary psychopathy and Secondary psychopathy scales developed by Levenson, Kiehl, and Fitzpatrick (1995) …
Psychometric Properties Of Carver And White’S (1994) Bis/Bas Scales In A Large Sample Of Offenders, Norman Poythress, Jennifer Skeem, John Weir, Scott Lilienfeld
Psychometric Properties Of Carver And White’S (1994) Bis/Bas Scales In A Large Sample Of Offenders, Norman Poythress, Jennifer Skeem, John Weir, Scott Lilienfeld
Norman Poythress
Contemporary motivational theories of psychopathy (Lykken, 1995) employ constructs from Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST; Gray, 1982), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) functioning, to explain etiologic differences in psychopathy subtypes. Carver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS scales are the most widely used measures of these constructs, yet there is a dearth of research on how these measures perform with offenders. Using a sample of 1515 offenders, we found evidence that five, rather than the usual four factors, underpin the BIS/BAS scales. Importantly, BIS items that tap into anxiety and fear sensitivity, respectively, split to form separate factors, …
The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale And Passive Avoidance Learning: A Validation Study Of Race And Gender Effects , M. Epstein, Norman Poythress, K. Brandon
The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale And Passive Avoidance Learning: A Validation Study Of Race And Gender Effects , M. Epstein, Norman Poythress, K. Brandon
Norman Poythress
SRPS; psychopathy; gender; race; validity; passive avoidance errors; trait anxiety; intelligence
Construct Validity Of The Youth Psychopathic Features Inventory (Ypi) And The Antisocial Process Screening Device (Apsd) With Justice Involved Adolescents, Norman Poythress, Richard Dembo, Jennifer Wareham, Paul Greenbaum
Construct Validity Of The Youth Psychopathic Features Inventory (Ypi) And The Antisocial Process Screening Device (Apsd) With Justice Involved Adolescents, Norman Poythress, Richard Dembo, Jennifer Wareham, Paul Greenbaum
Norman Poythress
Two measures of psychopathic features in youths, the self-report version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) and the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) were administered to 165 youths in a juvenile diversion program. For both measures, internal consistency was poor for the scales that assess the affective domain of psychopathic features; otherwise, internal consistency was excellent for the YPI and generally superior to that of the APSD. However, the published three-factor models for both measures did not replicate when examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Both measures obtained the expected correlations with measures of a variety of criminal justice (e.g., …
Types Of Aggression, Responsiveness To Provocation, And Callous-Unemotional Traits In Detained Adolescents, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Types Of Aggression, Responsiveness To Provocation, And Callous-Unemotional Traits In Detained Adolescents, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Eva Kimonis
The present study investigated differences in the behavioral and psychophysiological responses to provocation and in the level of callous-unemotional traits in boys exhibiting different patterns of aggression. Eighty-five boys (ages 13–18) in a juvenile detention center played a competitive computer task against a hypothetical peer who provided low and high levels of provocation. Youth high on both self-reported reactive and proactive aggression showed different behavioral responses to provocation than youth high on only reactive aggression. Specifically, the combined group showed high levels of aggressive responses without any provocation, whereas the group high on reactive aggression showed an increase in aggressive …
Psychopathic Personality Or Personalities? Exploring Potential Variants Of Psychopathy And Their Implications For Risk Assessment, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Psychopathic Personality Or Personalities? Exploring Potential Variants Of Psychopathy And Their Implications For Risk Assessment, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Norman Poythress
Although psychopathy typically has been construed as a relatively uniform construct, seminal theories and contemporary research suggest that it may be heterogeneous. In this article, the most promising literature is distilled to distinguish among potential variants of antisocial personality disorder (APD) that can be derived from, and informed by, modern conceptions of psychopathy. This analysis suggests that there are primary and secondary variants of psychopathy, which may be distinguished based on the extent to which they are heritable and are characterized by affective deficits, impulsivity, trait anxiety, and characteristics of borderline and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD). These variants also may …
Verbal Ability And Delinquency: Testing The Moderating Role Of Psychopathic Traits, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Verbal Ability And Delinquency: Testing The Moderating Role Of Psychopathic Traits, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Eva Kimonis
Background: Impaired verbal abilities are one of the most consistent risk factors for serious antisocial and delinquent behavior. However, individuals with psychopathic traits often show serious antisocial behavior, despite showing no impairment in their verbal abilities. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine whether psychopathy moderates the relationship between verbal abilities and delinquent behavior in a sample of detained youth. Methods: The sample included 100 detained adolescent boys who were assessed on self-reported delinquent acts and psychopathic traits, as well as their age at first offense based on official records. Participants also completed a competitive computer task …
Further Evidence Of The Divergent Correlates Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory Factors: Prediction Of Institutional Misconduct Among Male Prisoners, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Scott Lilienfeld, Christopher Patrick
Further Evidence Of The Divergent Correlates Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory Factors: Prediction Of Institutional Misconduct Among Male Prisoners, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Scott Lilienfeld, Christopher Patrick
Norman Poythress
Recent evidence suggests that 2 largely orthogonal dimensions underpin the latent construct assessed by the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996): Fearless Dominance (PPI-I) and Impulsive Antisociality (PPI-II). Relatively few data exist on the correlates of these 2 dimensions in offender samples, however. The present study examines the criterion-related validity of these 2 dimensions among male prison inmates (N 131) in relation to the prediction of 3 categories of institutional maladjustment: aggressive misconduct, nonaggressive misconduct, and any misconduct. PPI-II significantly predicted each criterion type, with effect sizes of moderate magnitude, whereas PPI-I was essentially unrelated to these outcome …
Relation Of Antisocial And Psychopathic Traits To Suicide-Related Behavior Among Offenders, Kevin Douglas, Scott Lilienfeld, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress
Relation Of Antisocial And Psychopathic Traits To Suicide-Related Behavior Among Offenders, Kevin Douglas, Scott Lilienfeld, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
Offenders with antisocial traits are relatively likely to attempt suicide, largely because they are more likely to have high negative emotionality and low constraint. Among 682 male offenders, we tested whether negative emotionality, low constraint, and also substance use problems mediated any relationship between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy on the one hand, and suicide-related behavior (SRB) and ideation on the other. ASPD and the impulsivity/lifestyle features of psychopathy weakly predicted SRB. High negative emotionality and low constraint (but not substance use) mediated the relation between ASPD and SRB. Impulsivity/lifestyle features of psychopathy retained an independent predictive effect. Self-report …