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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Preventing And Treating Narcotic Addiction — A Century Of Federal Drug Control, David Courtwright Nov 2015

Preventing And Treating Narcotic Addiction — A Century Of Federal Drug Control, David Courtwright

David T. Courtwright

Just over a century ago, in March 1915, the Harrison Narcotic Act took effect, requiring anyone who imported, produced, sold, or dispensed “narcotics” (at that time meaning coca- as well as opium-based drugs) to register, pay a nominal tax, and keep detailed records. With such records, officials could better enforce existing laws, such as those requiring sale by prescription only. They could also prosecute unregistered narcotics distributors such as saloonkeepers and street peddlers. The intent was to keep narcotic transactions within legitimate medical channels. For more than a decade, U.S. reformers and diplomats had been urging this course on other …


The Experience And Impact Of Motivational Interviewing-Via-Coaching Tools On National Smokers’ Telephone Hotline Employees, Don Morrow, Tara Mantler, Irwin Jennifer Dec 2012

The Experience And Impact Of Motivational Interviewing-Via-Coaching Tools On National Smokers’ Telephone Hotline Employees, Don Morrow, Tara Mantler, Irwin Jennifer

Donald Morrow

This study‘s purpose was to assess the experience and impact of Motivational Interviewing-via-Co-Active Life Coaching training on smoking hotline employees‘ perceived competency to facilitate callers‘ behaviour changes. In-depth interviews and a Perceived Competency Scale (PCS) were utilized. Themes discussed at baseline included clients barriers and desired changes to practice. Post-training participants described their skill development and feeling re-energized. Three-months post-training, increases in competency and a desire for more training were highlighted. Trends in the PCS were consistent with qualitative findings of increased competency. Implementation constraints were also described. The training had a positive impact on participants‘ perceived competencies to facilitate …


The Change Program: Methodology For Comparing Interactive Co-Active Coaching With A Prescriptive Lifestyle Treatment For Obesity, Don Morrow, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin Dec 2012

The Change Program: Methodology For Comparing Interactive Co-Active Coaching With A Prescriptive Lifestyle Treatment For Obesity, Don Morrow, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin

Donald Morrow

Studies incorporating Motivational Interviewing via Co-Active life coaching (MI-via-CALC) have elicited positive results among obese adults; however there is a paucity of comprehensive MI-via-CALC-obesity research that includes sufficient statistical power and a validated comparison group. The purpose of this study was to compare two telephone-based interventions for obesity. University students were randomized to either a 12-week: (a) personalized MI-via-CALC program whereby a coach worked with participants to achieve goals; or (b) prescriptive education-based lifestyle treatment following the LEARN Program. This paper contains a detailed methodological account of the study with a view to informing the development of prospective coaching-based programs.


Motivational Interviewing And Smoking Behaviours: A Critical Appraisal And Literature Review Of Selected Cessation Initiatives, Tara Mantler, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow Dec 2011

Motivational Interviewing And Smoking Behaviours: A Critical Appraisal And Literature Review Of Selected Cessation Initiatives, Tara Mantler, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

The present paper systematically reviewed and critically appraised three different dimensions of motivational interviewing currently utilized in smoking cessation initiatives: social support, motivation, and tailored interventions. A review of four databases generated 57 primary articles, 17 of which met the inclusion criteria of an intervention study utilizing at least one dimension of motivational interviewing, adults between 18 and 64 years, no comorbidities, and a follow-up period of at least 6 weeks. More than 11,600 participants are represented in this review. The implementation of social support, motivation, and tailored interventions yielded mixed results. Furthermore, threats to validity emerged, including self-report, follow-up …


The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students' Self-Esteem And Functional Health Status, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow Dec 2011

The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students' Self-Esteem And Functional Health Status, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

Background: Previous studies incorporating Motivational Interviewing administered via Co‐Active Life Coaching tools (MI‐via‐CALC) have elicited positive results among adults with obesity. However, there is a paucity of this research that includes sufficient power and a comparison group. This study's purpose was to compare MI‐via‐CALC with a validated obesity intervention among university students. Methods: Participants (n = 45) were randomised to either a telephone‐based 12‐week: (a) MI‐via‐CALC program whereby a certified coach worked with subjects to achieve goals through dialogue; or (b) lifestyle modification treatment following the LEARN Program for Weight Management. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and Short Form …


The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students’ Self-Esteem And Quality Of Life, Don Morrow, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Hall Craig Dec 2011

The Change Program: Comparing An Interactive Versus Prescriptive Obesity Intervention On University Students’ Self-Esteem And Quality Of Life, Don Morrow, Erin Pearson, Jennifer Irwin, Hall Craig

Donald Morrow

Previous studies incorporating Motivational Interviewing administered via Co-Active Life Coaching tools (MI-via-CALC) have elicited positive results among adults with obesity. However, there is a paucity of this research that includes sufficient power and a comparison group. This study’s purpose was to compare MI-via-CALC with a validated obesity intervention among university students. Methods: Participants (n = 45) were randomised to either a telephone-based 12-week: (a) MI-via-CALC program whereby a certified coach worked with subjects to achieve goals through dialogue; or (b) lifestyle modification treatment following the LEARN Program for Weight Management. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Short Form Functional …


Certified Professional Co-Active Coaches: Why They Enjoy Coaching, Courtney Newnham-Kanas, Don Morrow, Jennifer Irwin Dec 2011

Certified Professional Co-Active Coaches: Why They Enjoy Coaching, Courtney Newnham-Kanas, Don Morrow, Jennifer Irwin

Donald Morrow

The evidence-base for the practice of coaching continues to flourish, despite the fact that very little is known about the practitioners (i.e. the coaches) themselves. It is of value to understand how coaches perceive their practice. Such information can be utilized to create a common knowledge-base about coaches that can be used, in turn, to track trends and forward research that evaluates coaching services. As the use of Co-Active coaching in facilitating behaviour change continues to rise it becomes important to learn more about Certified-Professional Co-Active Coaches (CPCC). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate what CPCCs enjoy …


Reimagining Nursing’S Place In The History Of Clinical Practice, Julie Fairman, P D'Antonio Dec 2007

Reimagining Nursing’S Place In The History Of Clinical Practice, Julie Fairman, P D'Antonio

Julie A Fairman

No abstract provided.


"The American System Of Social Security: Separating Fact From Fallacy", Max Skidmore Dec 2006

"The American System Of Social Security: Separating Fact From Fallacy", Max Skidmore

Max J. Skidmore

No abstract provided.


"Real Reforms To Enhance, Not Curtail, Social Security", Max Skidmore, George Mcgovern Dec 2006

"Real Reforms To Enhance, Not Curtail, Social Security", Max Skidmore, George Mcgovern

Max J. Skidmore

No abstract provided.


"Why Privatizing Social Security Is A Terrible Idea", Max Skidmore Feb 2005

"Why Privatizing Social Security Is A Terrible Idea", Max Skidmore

Max J. Skidmore

No abstract provided.