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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Automating Autism: Disability, Discourse, And Artificial Intelligence, Os Keyes
Automating Autism: Disability, Discourse, And Artificial Intelligence, Os Keyes
The Journal of Sociotechnical Critique
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems shift to interact with new domains and populations, so does AI ethics: a relatively nascent subdiscipline that frequently concerns itself with questions of “fairness” and “accountability.” This fairness-centred approach has been criticized for (amongst other things) lacking the ability to address discursive, rather than distributional, injustices. In this paper I simultaneously validate these concerns, and work to correct the relative silence of both conventional and critical AI ethicists around disability, by exploring the narratives deployed by AI researchers in discussing and designing systems around autism. Demonstrating that these narratives frequently perpetuate a dangerously dehumanizing model …
“How Could You Even Ask That?”: Moral Considerability, Uncertainty And Vulnerability In Social Robotics, Alexis Elder
“How Could You Even Ask That?”: Moral Considerability, Uncertainty And Vulnerability In Social Robotics, Alexis Elder
The Journal of Sociotechnical Critique
When it comes to social robotics (robots that engage human social responses via “eyes” and other facial features, voice-based natural-language interactions, and even evocative movements), ethicists, particularly in European and North American traditions, are divided over whether and why they might be morally considerable. Some argue that moral considerability is based on internal psychological states like consciousness and sentience, and debate about thresholds of such features sufficient for ethical consideration, a move sometimes criticized for being overly dualistic in its framing of mind versus body. Others, meanwhile, focus on the effects of these robots on human beings, arguing that psychological …
Brain Complexity, Sentience And Welfare, Donald M. Broom
Brain Complexity, Sentience And Welfare, Donald M. Broom
Animal Sentience
Neither sentience nor moral standing is confined to animals with large or human-like brains. Invertebrates deserve moral consideration. Definition of terms clarifies the relationship between sentience and welfare. All animals have welfare but humans give more protection to sentient animals. Humans should be less human-centred.
Rethinking Global Governance To Address Zoonotic Disease Risks: Connecting The Dots, Kelley Lee
Rethinking Global Governance To Address Zoonotic Disease Risks: Connecting The Dots, Kelley Lee
Animal Sentience
Large-scale changes in human behaviour are urgently needed to prevent future pandemics involving zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19. However, this will not happen to the required degree, and with sufficient speed, without a major shift in how humanity collectively governs itself. Alongside a shift in focus from individual behaviours to the structural conditions underpinning the world economy that shape human behaviours, effective global governance presses us to connect more dots than ever before. The One Health approach is an important starting point but we need to go much further.
Whenever Possible, Treat The Cause: Shut Down The Flu Factories, Michael Greger
Whenever Possible, Treat The Cause: Shut Down The Flu Factories, Michael Greger
Animal Sentience
Over the last few decades -- and at a historically unprecedented rate -- hundreds of human pathogens have emerged, mostly from animals. The United Nations’ “Preventing the Next Pandemic” report blames increasing demand for animal protein and unsustainable agricultural intensification as two key drivers of the emergence of zoonotic threats. Animal agribusiness has become a viral disease incubator, but there is a clear path towards preventing the next pandemic as well as protecting planetary health: to reform the practice of raising domestic animals for food and to adopt eating habits that not only protect our health, but address …
Reflections On Psychological And Psychiatric Consequences Of Covid-19 Pandemic, Donatella Marazziti
Reflections On Psychological And Psychiatric Consequences Of Covid-19 Pandemic, Donatella Marazziti
Animal Sentience
Although far from reaching a clear conclusion, some evidence increasingly highlights the possible connections among climate change, environmental pollution and the current COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their intertwined detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Such a catastrophic event calls for a novel awareness of the interdependence of all biotic and nonbiotic factors in our environment and planet.
The Necessity Of Human Attitude Change And Methods Of Avoiding Pandemics, Donald M. Broom
The Necessity Of Human Attitude Change And Methods Of Avoiding Pandemics, Donald M. Broom
Animal Sentience
Humans share their biology with other animals and in each of their actions should consider the consequences for all life. A series of measures can be taken by governments and individuals that would minimise inter-specific transfer of pathogens from wildlife and reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Plant-Based Diets And Covid-19: Those Who Harvest Crops Are At High Risk, Jarret S. Lovell
Plant-Based Diets And Covid-19: Those Who Harvest Crops Are At High Risk, Jarret S. Lovell
Animal Sentience
This commentary extends Wiebers & Feigin’s (2020) plea to adopt diets that are less dependent on animals by calling on experts and activists to work for change with regard to farm worker labor conditions. Already doing among the most dangerous jobs, farmworkers are at increased risk of COVID-19. As we increasingly transition to plant-based diets, we must all ensure that farmworkers have safe and just working conditions to meet the demands of our changing diets.