Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Chronic Arsenic Exposure And Risk Of Infant Mortality In Two Areas Of Chile, Claudia Hopenhayn-Rich, Steven R. Browning, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Catterina Ferreccio, Cecilia Peralta, Herman Gibb

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with a range of neurologic, vascular, dermatologic, and carcinogenic effects. However, limited research has been directed at the association of arsenic exposure and human reproductive health outcomes. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the trends in infant mortality between two geographic locations in Chile: Antofagasta, which has a well-documented history of arsenic exposure from naturally contaminated water, and Valparaíso, a comparable low-exposure city. The arsenic concentration in Antofagasta's public drinking water supply rose substantially in 1958 with the introduction of a new water source, and remained elevated until 1970. We used …

Chemopreventive Effect Of Oltipraz On Afb1-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis In Tree Shrew Model, Yuan Li, Jian Jia Su, Liu L. Qin, Chun Yang, Dan Luo, Ke C. Ban, T. W. Kensler, B. D. Roebuck

Dartmouth Scholarship

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major cancers in the world with a mortality of more than 250 000 cases yearly. More than 137 000 cases of HCC were diagnosed each year in China, which acount approximately for more than 40 percent of the total number in the world. HCC has become the second major cause of death for cancer in China since 1990, and its annual mortality is expected to be 21.2 cases per 100 000 population in the year 2000. Even though progresses have been achieved for HCC diagnosis and treat ment, its 5-year mortality is still …

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.

Genetic Variation In Pneumocystis Carinii Isolates From Different Geographic Regions: Implications For Transmission, Charles B. Beard, Jane L. Carter, Scott P. Keely, Laurence Huang, Norman J. Pieniazek, Iaci N. S. Moura, Jacquelin M. Roberts, Allen W. Hightower, Michelle S. Bens, Amanda R. Freeman, Sherline Lee, James R. Stringer, Jeffrey S. Duchin, Carlos Del Rio, David Rimland, Robert P. Baughman, Deborah A. Levy, Vance J. Dietz, Paul Simon, Thomas R. Navin

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

To study transmission patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in persons with AIDS, we evaluated P. carinii isolates from patients in five U.S. cities for variation at two independent genetic loci, the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA and dihydropteroate synthase. Fourteen unique multilocus genotypes were observed in 191 isolates that were examined at both loci. Mixed infections, accounting for 17.8% of cases, were associated with primary PCP. Genotype frequency distribution patterns varied by patients' place of diagnosis but not by place of birth. Genetic variation at the two loci suggests three probable characteristics of transmission: that most cases of PCP do …

Surveillance For Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks--United States, 1997-1998., Rachel S. Barwick, Deborah A. Levy, Gunther F. Craun, Michael J. Beach, Rebecca L. Calderon

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data relating to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs).

REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data from January 1997 through December 1998 and a previously unreported outbreak in 1996.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The surveillance system includes data regarding outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and local public health departments are primarily responsible for detecting and investigating WBDOs and voluntarily reporting them to CDC on a standard form.

RESULTS: During 1997-1998, a total …

Sulfa Or Sulfone Prophylaxis And Geographic Region Predict Mutations In The Pneumocystis Carinii Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene, Laurence Huang, Charles B. Beard, Jennifer Creasman, Deborah A. Levy, Jeffrey S. Duchin, Sherline Lee, Norman Pieniazek, Jane L. Carter, Carlos Del Rio, David Rimland, Thomas R. Navin

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

To determine factors associated with mutations in the Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene, a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with confirmed P. carinii pneumonia was conducted in Atlanta, Seattle, and San Francisco. Clinical information was obtained from patient interview and chart abstraction. DHPS genotype was determined from DNA sequencing. Overall, 76 (68.5%) of 111 patients had a mutant DHPS genotype, including 22 (81.5%) of 27 patients from San Francisco. In multivariate analysis, sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and study site were independent predictors of a mutant genotype. Fourteen (53.8%) of 26 patients who were newly diagnosed with …

An International Comparison Of Cancer Survival: Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario, And Honolulu, Hawaii, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

OBJECTIVES: Comparisons of cancer survival in Canadian and US metropolitan areas have shown consistent Canadian advantages. This study tests a health insurance hypothesis by comparing cancer survival in Toronto, Ontario, and Honolulu, Hawaii.

METHODS: Ontario and Hawaii registries provided a total of 9190 and 2895 cancer cases (breast and prostate, 1986-1990, followed until 1996). Socioeconomic data for each person's residence at the time of diagnosis were taken from population censuses.

RESULTS: Socioeconomic status and cancer survival were directly associated in the US cohort, but not in the Canadian cohort. Compared with similar patients in Honolulu, residents of low-income areas in …