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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Using Social Cognitive Theory To Predict Obesity Behaviors In Hispanic American Children, Augustina Anyikwa
Using Social Cognitive Theory To Predict Obesity Behaviors In Hispanic American Children, Augustina Anyikwa
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Childhood obesity is a growing challenge in the U.S. Hispanic American population. There is a need for evidence-based approaches to combat this problem. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is one such approach. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which selected constructs of SCT (expectations, self-efficacy, self-efficacy in overcoming barriers and self-control) could predict five childhood obesity prevention behaviors, namely time spent on television watching, time spent on physical activities, water consumption, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and meal portion size among Hispanic American children. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed for this study. Data were …
Oral Glucose Insulin Secretion Test For Identifying Patients With Insulin Resistance, David Kershner
Oral Glucose Insulin Secretion Test For Identifying Patients With Insulin Resistance, David Kershner
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Insulin resistance is an increasing public health issue with the current literature, suggesting reduced sensitivity of insulin leads to adult onset diabetes and associated downstream pathologies that reduce life expectancy. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of the Oral Glucose Insulin Secretion Test (OGIST) to identify insulin resistance and examine differences in the insulin sensitivity based on gender, age, and ethnicity. This study was supported by the insulin resistance theory which focuses on the reduced ability of insulin to bind to the cellular insulin receptor, reducing the sensitivity of insulin. The OGIST lab results of …
Association Of Dietary Intake With Suicidal Ideation Or Suicide Attempts In Adolescents, Zenobia J. Bryant
Association Of Dietary Intake With Suicidal Ideation Or Suicide Attempts In Adolescents, Zenobia J. Bryant
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Suicide is among the leading cause of adolescent deaths worldwide and thus a significant public health concern. Risk factors for suicidal behavior include drinking alcohol, smoking, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors. One area of concern is dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the assumption that one can perform specific actions to bring about desired outcomes. The primary research questions for this quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study concerned whether there is a statistically significant interaction between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. Data from 71,776 adolescents in …
Factors Affecting Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African-Born Immigrants In The United States, Chidoziri Chibundu
Factors Affecting Colorectal Cancer Screening Among African-Born Immigrants In The United States, Chidoziri Chibundu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite the evidence that colorectal cancer screening is effective in reducing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer, racial and ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening persist in the United States. African-born immigrants in the United States have lower colorectal cancer screening rates than native-born Americans. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study was to examine how family income, health insurance status, language of interview, length of stay in the United States, perceived health status, level of education, and having a usual place for medical care affect colorectal cancer screening among African-born immigrants in the United States. The …
Perceived Cardiovascular Risk Among West Africa Immigrants In Dekalb County, Georgia, Oluwayomi Fabayo
Perceived Cardiovascular Risk Among West Africa Immigrants In Dekalb County, Georgia, Oluwayomi Fabayo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
West African immigrants appear to carry a heavier burden of hypertensive heart disease than the native-born African Americans in the United States. In this study, I used the socioecological model theory as a guide to examine the association between perceived stress, length of stay in United States, smoking status, housing conditions, and the risk of hypertensive heart disease among West African immigrants, ages 18 - 54 years in DeKalb County, Georgia. In this quantitative, cross-sectional design, self-reported data were collected from a sample of West African immigrant (N=107) in the DeKalb County of Georgia, using a demographic data/screening sheet and …
Public Health Strategies For Strengthening Prehospital Injury Responses In St. Lucia, Delwin Oliver Ferguson
Public Health Strategies For Strengthening Prehospital Injury Responses In St. Lucia, Delwin Oliver Ferguson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Traumatic injuries have steadily increased during the last two decades, affecting over 5.8 million persons annually and have become a global public health issue. Since 2008, 80% of all deaths from noncommunicable diseases and trauma, approximately 29 million occurred in developing countries. Sixteen thousand young adults worldwide have died due to traumatic injuries. Additionally, injuries account for over 15% of the global burden of diseases, with approximately 90% of these injuries occurring in developing countries like St. Lucia. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to examine policy gaps in prehospital traumatic injury responses and explore implementing Essential Public …
Long-Term Health Impacts Of Cell Phone-Driven Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure In Humans, Ndukaku Omelu
Long-Term Health Impacts Of Cell Phone-Driven Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure In Humans, Ndukaku Omelu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Uncertainties still exist about the safety of cell phone use and the level of cell phone-driven radiation. The purpose of the current inquiry was to determine the long-term health impacts of cell phone-driven radiation via the use of cell phones. In this cross-sectional study, which was based on socio-ecological theory, secondary data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to assess the difference in the prevalence of thyroid cancer, mouth/tongue/lip cancer, and heart disease between exposed and non-exposed/less exposed cell phone-driven radiation groups in the United States. Logistic regression was used to address three research questions. Findings initially …
Gender, Social Support, And Resiliency In Suicidal Ideation Among U.S. Army Soldiers, John Franklin Ambrose
Gender, Social Support, And Resiliency In Suicidal Ideation Among U.S. Army Soldiers, John Franklin Ambrose
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Suicidal behaviors have continued to increase in the United States (U.S.) Army population since the beginning of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Suicide rates are higher in men compared to women; yet, the rate of suicidal ideation is higher in women than men. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between suicidal ideation and protective factors, if social support and resiliency are different for men and women within the U.S. Army population, and if gender acts as a moderating variable between suicidal ideation and protective factors. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior was …
How Fine Particulate Matter Modifies Preterm Birth Risks In Korea, Hyun Jin Choi
How Fine Particulate Matter Modifies Preterm Birth Risks In Korea, Hyun Jin Choi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite the increasing interest in preterm birth risk associated with maternal exposure to the current level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Korea, there is little information on differences in PM2.5 exposure and its impact on preterm birth. This study was designed to examine the effects of Korea's air quality on preterm birth, including the possibility of moderation and mediation. This work was also designed to investigate manipulable factors for PM2.5 exposure. The theoretical framework of this quantitative and observational study included the social ecological theory and systems theory. The conceptual framework of this partially ecologic and retrospective cohort study …
Bleach-It-Away Clostridium Difficile, Kim Ione Hecker
Bleach-It-Away Clostridium Difficile, Kim Ione Hecker
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are infections patients contract as a result of being hospitalized. HAI rates decreased for almost all pathogens in the past few years, with the exception of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs), which have been steadily climbing, placing hospital-acquired CDI at the top of the HAI list. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2010 almost a half a million people were infected with CDIs yearly in the United States, and CDIs claimed the lives of approximately 29,000 people, representing a 4-fold increase from 1993. To address the problem in the local hospital, a quality improvement initiative …
Knowledge, Perceived Barriers, And Preventive Behaviors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Among Gallaudet University Employees, Andy Kenji Tao
Knowledge, Perceived Barriers, And Preventive Behaviors Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Among Gallaudet University Employees, Andy Kenji Tao
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
When the Minority Health Improvement and Health Disparity Elimination Act of 2007 went into effect, there was a corresponding increase in research focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in underrepresented groups, except for 1: culturally Deaf Americans. Guided by the health belief model, the purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant differences in the level of knowledge, perceived barriers, and preventive behaviors associated with CVD among Deaf and hearing employees at Gallaudet University, Washington D.C. This cross-sectional quantitative research study used a survey with questions derived from 2 existing national surveys. One hundred eighty-six subjects were recruited …
Relationships Among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, And Physical Activity, Ethan Pham
Relationships Among Vitamin D Deficiency, Metabolic Syndrome, Smoking Behavior, And Physical Activity, Ethan Pham
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Aging increases the risk of both vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome may be related, although there are mixed findings. Furthermore, literature suggests other factors such as physical fitness activity and smoking behavior are associated with Vitamin D deficiency and the development of metabolic syndrome. A number of studies have documented associations between Vitamin D levels and physical fitness activities, while other studies found correlations between Vitamin D levels, metabolic syndrome, and smoking behavior. However, no previous study has examined the links between physical fitness activity, smoking behavior, Vitamin D levels, and the risks …
Knowledge, Beliefs, And Perceptions About Tuberculosis Among Haitian Immigrants And Haitian Americans Living In Miami-Dade County, Florida, Leslie Barbour
Knowledge, Beliefs, And Perceptions About Tuberculosis Among Haitian Immigrants And Haitian Americans Living In Miami-Dade County, Florida, Leslie Barbour
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Tuberculosis (TB) kills 1.7 million people each year, and 1/3rd of the world's population is estimated to have latent TB. It was once the deadliest disease in the United States but is now relatively rare and, if treated properly, it is curable. Migrants from TB-endemic countries, such as Haiti, are one source of TB transmission to the US, and the prevalence of TB remains high and is increasing in Little Haiti, Florida. Data on the knowledge and perceptions of Haitian immigrants and Haitian Americans about TB is inadequate. The purpose of this qualitative research was to study the TB-related knowledge, …
Adherence To Antiretroviral Medicines Among Adolescents And Young Adults In Benue State, Nigeria, Amom Tor-Anyiin
Adherence To Antiretroviral Medicines Among Adolescents And Young Adults In Benue State, Nigeria, Amom Tor-Anyiin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adherence to ARV medicines is essential to halt HIV progression, increase CD4 counts, decrease virologic impact, and improve quality of life for the infected people. However, sustaining good adherence among adolescents and young adults (AYA) has been a challenge caused by various problems such as distance to clinic, improved CD4 count which lead to complacency in adherence, and the nature of the environment. This was a quantitative, retrospective, correlational, cross-sectional study anchored by the transtheoretical model, which was used to understand how adherence rate among the study population was impacted by the predictive factors. Secondary data was collected from patient's …
Health Promoting Behaviors Of Young Adults With Chronic Lyme Disease, Patricia D. Bolivar
Health Promoting Behaviors Of Young Adults With Chronic Lyme Disease, Patricia D. Bolivar
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Lyme disease is the most prevalent arthropod-borne (tick) disease in North America. The disease is more prevalent in some Eastern and Central states than in Western states. The general problem is that, in southern California especially in Los Angeles County, both patients and practitioners fail to recognize the disease, resulting in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Consequently, the patient may develop the long-term, chronic Lyme disease (CLD). The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the impact of CLD on the health-promoting behaviors of ethnically diverse young adults from similar educational and socioeconomic backgrounds based on their lived experiences. The …
Education Plan To Empower Wound Care Nurses For Evidence-Based Practice, Patricia Stevenson
Education Plan To Empower Wound Care Nurses For Evidence-Based Practice, Patricia Stevenson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Non-healing wounds can claim thousands of lives and costs billions of dollars each year, and nurse-led wound clinics are becoming necessary to fill a gap in care for patients with wounds. Even among certified wound nurses using evidence-based clinical protocols, key considerations of care are being missed. Therefore, this project was focused on developing and validating a new biofilm education module for certified or certification eligible wound care nurses. The aim of the module was to boost clinical assessment knowledge and improve patient outcomes. Benners skill acquisition model informed the development of this project. The design of the project also …
Neighborhood-Level Predictors And Obesity Among African-American Children, Uche Onyeka
Neighborhood-Level Predictors And Obesity Among African-American Children, Uche Onyeka
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The steady raise in childhood obesity is a major public health problem nationally and globally. Childhood obesity is primarily caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure. The increase in childhood obesity rates over the past 3 decades suggested involvement of environmental and behavioral factors in the obesity epidemic. While childhood obesity is considered a public health crisis in the United States, only limited research is available about the potential impact of neighborhood-level factors such as access to healthy food, neighborhood safety, and risk-free outdoor playgrounds. The purpose of this study was to examine if any relationships existed …
Alcohol Consumption And Cervical Cancer Associations Among Women In Los Angeles, California, Tina A. Nmor
Alcohol Consumption And Cervical Cancer Associations Among Women In Los Angeles, California, Tina A. Nmor
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Alcohol consumption and cervical cancer caught in the early stages are preventive epidemics, though the incidence of cervical cancer has continued to rise in Los Angeles, California. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to better understand the association between alcohol consumption and cervical cancer incidence using the theory of relationism. California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) data collected in 2005 was used to investigate alcohol consumption and cervical cancer incidence among women in Los Angeles, California. The CHIS 2005 surveyed 43,020 adults; of those surveyed, 441 participants reported alcohol consumption and cervical cancer out of 25,548 adult women. Chi-square …
Challenges Of Aging With The Hiv Virus And Comorbidities, Rommie Navylia Abele
Challenges Of Aging With The Hiv Virus And Comorbidities, Rommie Navylia Abele
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the survival rate of infected HIV patients has been on the rise with a predicted increase by 2030. The longer a person lives with the virus, the more prone to HIV-associated chronic diseases he or she becomes, but it is not clear whether these diseases are solely from aging with the virus or from long-term use of antiretroviral therapy. Scientists demonstrated that the introduction of antiretroviral therapy led to an increased life expectancy yet early onset of comorbidities; however, they failed to address the challenges that people 50 years old or older face, as …
Diabetic Adult Access To Medical Care And Race And Ethnicity In Connecticut, Natacha Bertine Jerome
Diabetic Adult Access To Medical Care And Race And Ethnicity In Connecticut, Natacha Bertine Jerome
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Diabetes is among the leading causes of death in Connecticut. An approximate of 330,000 adults in Connecticut have diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed). Those with diabetes have almost twice the risk of premature death throughout various age groups. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether disparities exist in access to medical care due to race and ethnicity; among adults with diabetes in the state of Connecticut. Furthermore, this study used the Andersen's behavioral model framework. Survey data from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) were also analyzed. The research study covered 3 years (2013 to 2015) of …
Poverty Rate And Occurrence Of Foodborne Illness Risk Factors In Retail Facilities, Margolite Joseph Cesar
Poverty Rate And Occurrence Of Foodborne Illness Risk Factors In Retail Facilities, Margolite Joseph Cesar
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite the efforts of food safety regulations and rules, food contamination remains a public health concern and prevalent vehicle of pathogens. This study identifies the predictors of food risk in different types of food establishments in Miami Dade County, Florida during the period November 2014 - November 2016. Guided by the epidemiologic triangle model, this correlational study analyzed the log number of risk factor violations and failure rates controlling for US Census sociodemographic data (2010 to 2014) for the food establishment neighborhoods by using linear and logistic regression. Results indicated that most of food entity types are significant predictors of …
Impact Of Social Support On Malaria Management By Burundian Community Health Workers, Bonaventure Bazirutwabo
Impact Of Social Support On Malaria Management By Burundian Community Health Workers, Bonaventure Bazirutwabo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Malaria is the main cause of mortality for children under the age of 5 in Burundi. The access to malaria diagnostics and treatment is hampered not only because of logistical issues, but also due to the lack of qualified human resources and their inequitable distribution across the country. To mitigate the lack of human resources for health, the government of Burundi, along with its partners, shifted some tasks to community health workers (CHWs) to cover unmet healthcare needs for selected diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the social support provided …
Racial/Ethnic Differences In The Treatment Of Elderly Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients, Cheryl Mokrzecky
Racial/Ethnic Differences In The Treatment Of Elderly Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients, Cheryl Mokrzecky
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Racial and ethnic disparities related to lung cancer treatments and outcomes are not fully understood but may be due to individual or institutional factors. Following established national cancer treatment guidelines may improve patients' quality of life, outcome to treatment, and facilitate the eradication of lung cancer. There are limited data on the real-world treatment of racial/ethnic groups with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to clinical practice guidelines, therefore this population-based cohort study examined the receipt of first line treatment for advanced or metastatic NSCLC according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) practice guidelines. The Social Cognitive Theory served …
Variables That Impact Incidence Of Diarrhea Amongst Under-Five In Uganda, Anne Ngonde Muli
Variables That Impact Incidence Of Diarrhea Amongst Under-Five In Uganda, Anne Ngonde Muli
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Diarrhea in children remains a major public health problem in Uganda and other countries in the region and acts as one of the leading contributors to child mortality. Most of the risk factors for diarrhea in children are preventable. This study, guided by the socioecological model, was conducted to investigate the association between the occurrence of diarrhea in children and length of breastfeeding, coinfection with acute respiratory infection (ARI), and vaccination status of the child. These variables were identified in the literature as risk factors for diarrhea that had not been investigated in Uganda. The source of the data for …
Geographic Variations In Antenatal Care Services In Sierra Leone, Eunice Nyambura Chege
Geographic Variations In Antenatal Care Services In Sierra Leone, Eunice Nyambura Chege
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite antenatal care presenting opportunities to identify and monitor women at risk, use of recommended antenatal care services remains. Barriers preventing use of antenatal services vary between countries, and limited knowledge exists about the link between geographical settings and antenatal service use. The objective of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to explore geographical variations and investigate how social demographic characteristics affect use of antenatal care for women in Sierra Leone using the Andersen behavioral model. The data used were from the 2016 maternal death surveillance report of the whole counrty (N =706). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the …
Effect Of Lung Cancer Treatment On Health-Related Quality Of Life, Festus Frempong Dokyi
Effect Of Lung Cancer Treatment On Health-Related Quality Of Life, Festus Frempong Dokyi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Advances in lung cancer treatment among older adults require a risk-benefit analysis for health professionals, patients, and family members to assess increased survival and health-related quality of life (HRQL). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of lung cancer treatment with surgery or tumor ablation on HRQL domains. A lung cancer quality of life model guided the study. The research design was a quantitative ancillary study in which 70 participants were recruited from those who had already consented to undergo a randomized clinical trial of lung cancer treatment. Data consisted of repeated administrations (baseline, 1- and 3-months) …
Health Disparities Among Hispanic Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Nelson Sitton
Health Disparities Among Hispanic Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Nelson Sitton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The ongoing increase in Type 2 diabetes among Hispanic Americans challenges the American public health system, particularly with health issues arising from not following appropriate health directives for the disease. This quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study used primary data to assess the relationship between diabetes knowledge (as measured by the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire), health literacy level (as measured by the Short Assessment of Health Literacy-Spanish and English), education level, self-efficacy (as measured by the Diabetes Self-efficacy questionnaire), and self-reported diabetes self-care behaviors (as measured by the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities) among a sample of Hispanic Americans with Type 2 diabetes. …
Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy For Prostate Cancer And Alzheimer's Disease, Gina Giannantoni-Ibelli
Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy For Prostate Cancer And Alzheimer's Disease, Gina Giannantoni-Ibelli
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive, neurodegenerative disease and form of dementia. The hallmarks of AD are extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta protein, resulting in neuritic, senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of tau protein. AD mainly arises from imbalance of amyloid beta protein production and its clearance in the brain. Testosterone modulates production of amyloid beta protein by decreasing its accumulation. Prostate cancer remains a substantial public health challenge in the United States. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective treatment for prostate cancer, it may be associated with cognitive impairment due to decreased levels of testosterone. …
Relationship Between Health Literacy And End-Stage Renal Disease Among Type Ii Diabetics, Joelle M. Stolte
Relationship Between Health Literacy And End-Stage Renal Disease Among Type Ii Diabetics, Joelle M. Stolte
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The progression of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) among type II diabetics is preventable, yet complications continue to plague many. Reports show that 29.1 million people (9.3%) in the United States have diabetes, and 40% of those individuals develop ESRD. Four research questions explored the relationship between ESRD, health literacy, and healthcare. Data from 2010-2015 from the National Institute of Health (NIH) was quantitatively analyzed. The conceptual framework was the revised health service utilization theory. The target population included 3939 diverse males and females between the ages of 20-75 diagnosed with type II Diabetes. Results from Chi-square, cross-tabulation, binary, and …
Early Radiation Therapy And Cervical Cancer Survival In The United States, Olufunmiso Oyetunde Asamu
Early Radiation Therapy And Cervical Cancer Survival In The United States, Olufunmiso Oyetunde Asamu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A paucity of information exists on the benefits of using radiation therapy for treating women with early cervical cancer detection. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between early versus late testing of Human papilloma virus (HPV), age, race, radiation therapy, and regions in United States, and survival rates among women diagnosed with early cervical cancer. The epidemiological triad of person, time, and space guided this study to explain the regional spread of cervical cancer, and the effect of early testing. Secondary data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) were used (N= 520,153). Statistical analyses …