Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Is Postpartum Depression A Disease Of Modern Civilization?, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Martie Haselton

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Access to calorie-dense foods, medicine, and other comforts has made modern humans healthier than our prehistoric ancestors in many respects. However, the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease suggest that there are also drawbacks to modern living. Here, we address the question of whether the dramatic cultural changes that have occurred over the past century have inflated rates of postpartum depression, adding postpartum depression to the list of diseases of modern civilization. We review evidence from cross-cultural, epidemiological, and experimental studies documenting associations between postpartum depression and modern patterns of early weaning, diets deficient in essential fatty acids, low …

Ectopic Cushing Syndrome And Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report, Mira Mitry Md, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Stacey Smith Md, Facp, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Locus Of Control And Obesity, Florence Neymotin, Louis R. Nemzer

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

In the developed world, the hazards associated with obesity have largely outstripped the risk of starvation. Obesity remains a difficult public health issue to address, due in large part to the many disciplines involved. A full understanding requires knowledge in the fields of genetics, endocrinology, psychology, sociology, economics, and public policy - among others. In this short review, which serves as an introduction to the Frontiers in Endocrinology research topic,we address one cross-disciplinary relationship: the interaction between the hunger/satiation neural circuitry, an individual's perceived locus of control, and the risk for obesity. Mammals have evolved a complex system for modulating …

Effect Of Obesity And Exercise On The Expression Of The Novel Myokines, Myonectin And Fibronectin Type Iii Domain Containing 5, Jonathan M. Peterson, Ryan Mart, Cherie E. Bond

ETSU Faculty Works

Metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise training has long been established as an effective means to directly restore skeletal muscle glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism. However, in addition to the direct effects of skeletal muscle on glucose and lipids, there is renewed interest in the ability of skeletal muscle to coordinate metabolic activity of other tissues, such as adipose tissue and liver. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of endurance exercise on the expression level of two novel muscle-derived secreted factors, or myokines, …

Preliminary Efficacy Of Group Medical Nutrition Therapy And Motivational Interviewing Among Obese African American Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study, Stephania T. Miller, Veronica J. Oates, Malinda A. Brooks, Ayumi Shintani, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Darlene M. Jenkins

Human Sciences Faculty Research

Objective. To assess the efficacy and acceptability of a group medical nutritional therapy (MNT) intervention, using motivational interviewing (MI). Research Design & Method. African American (AA) women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) participated in five, certified diabetes educator/dietitian-facilitated intervention sessions targeting carbohydrate, fat, and fruit/vegetable intake and management. Motivation-based activities centered on exploration of dietary ambivalence and the relationships between diet and personal strengths. Repeated pre- and post-intervention, psychosocial, dietary self-care, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed using generalized least squares regression. An acceptability assessment was administered after intervention. Results. Participants (n = 24) were …

Clinical, Lifestyle, Socioeconomic Determinants And Rate Of Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis In Stroke Free Pakistanis., Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Farzin Majeed, Omrana Pasha, Hasan Rehman, Muhammad Islam, Iqbal Azam Syed, Muhammad Saleem Ilyas, Munawar Hussain, Kamran Masood, Bilal Ahmed, Sumaira Nazir, Zafar Sajjad, Scott E. Kasner

Department of Medicine

Background: Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease (ICAD) is the most frequent etiology of stroke with high prevalence among Asians. Despite this, early determinants of ICAD have not been described from this region.

Methods: The study is an analytical prospective cross-sectional study of 200 adults from Radiology Departments of two diagnostic centers in Karachi. Eligible participants confirmed the absence of stroke symptoms via the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke Free Status (QVSFS) and underwent an interview covering medical, socio demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric evaluation using locally validated and standardized definitions. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) were centrally reviewed to detect ICAD using the criterion used …

Pioglitazone Treatment Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation Through Reduction Of Mast Cell And Macrophage Number And By Improving Vascularity, Michael L. Spencer, Lin Yang, Akosua Adu, Brian S. Finlin, Beibei Zhu, Lindsey Rae Shipp, Neda Rasouli, Charlotte A. Peterson, Philip A. Kern

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Context and Objective

Adipose tissue in insulin resistant subjects contains inflammatory cells and extracellular matrix components. This study examined adipose pathology of insulin resistant subjects who were treated with pioglitazone or fish oil.

Design, Setting and Participants

Adipose biopsies were examined from nine insulin resistant subjects before/after treatment with pioglitazone 45 mg/day for 12 weeks and also from 19 subjects who were treated with fish oil (1,860 mg EPA, 1,500 mg DHA daily). These studies were performed in a clinical research center setting.

Results

Pioglitazone treatment increased the cross-sectional area of adipocytes by 18% (p = 0.01), and also increased …

Refugee Health In Montgomery County: A Retrospective Descriptive Study Of Refugee Health Screening Results From April 2007 - April 2008, Marjan Lyons

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction: The top refugee health concerns characteristically are associated with parasitic infections, infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and parasites, as well as nutritional deficiencies such as anemia, and malnourishment. Understanding the specific health needs of the refugee population will not only improve the transition of the refugees within the United States healthcare systems, but also improve public health within the community.

Methods: Health records from Public Health - Dayton & Montgomery Country were used to obtain the prevalence of both acute and chronic health conditions within the newly resettled refugee population. There were a total of 193 refugees included …

Case Report: Nocardia Infection Associated With Ectopic Cushings., Azra Rizwan, Aqiba Sarfaraz, Abdul Jabbar, J. Akhter, Najmul Islam

Department of Medicine

Background: Cushing's syndrome results from exposure to excess glucocorticoids. Ectopic Cushings is endogenous ACTH dependant form of Cushing's associated with markedly raised ACTH and cortisol levels. This leads to an impaired immune response, setting the stage for occurrence of opportunistic infections. Nocardiosis is a gram positive bacterial infection caused by aerobic actinomycetes in genus Nocardia. We report a series of patients diagnosed with ectopic Cushings, having pneumonia with Nocardia spp. In one of these cases, the manifestations of Cushing's disappeared with treatment for Nocardia.

Case Presentation: Two middle aged men of Asian descent presented to the Endocrine clinic: the first …

Disparities In Patient-Reported Barriers To Attend Diabetes Group Visits, Beth Careyva Md, Melanie B. Johnson Mpa, Kyle Shaak Bs, Brian Stello Md

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ovarian Leydig Cell Hyperplasia: An Unusual Case Of Virilization In A Postmenopausal Woman., Jaya M Mehta, Jeffery L. Miller, Anthony J. Cannon, Stacey K. Mardekian, Lawrence C. Kenyon, Serge A. Jabbour

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Objective. To report an unusual case of ovarian Leydig cell hyperplasia resulting in virilization in a postmenopausal woman. Methods. Patient's medical history and pertinent literature were reviewed. Results. A 64-year-old woman presented with virilization with worsening hirsutism, deepening of her voice, male musculature, and male pattern alopecia. Her pertinent past medical history included type 1 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Her pertinent past surgical history included hysterectomy due to fibroids. On further work-up, her serum total testosterone was 506 ng/dL (nl range: 2-45) and free testosterone was 40 pg/mL (nl range: 0.1-6.4). After ruling out adrenal causes, the patient underwent an …

Unique Diagnostic Challenges Of Cushings From Large Bilateral Adrenal Adenoma And Mifepristone Utilization For Hypercortisolism Prior To Surgery, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms, Sarah Park Do, Maura Bucciarelli Do, Katie Mastoris Do, Scott Beman Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Diabetes Insipidus In Patient With Bodydysmorphic And Eating Disorder, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms, Gretchen Perilli Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Rare Case Of Klinefelters Syndrome With 48xxyy, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms, Deborah Feden Crnp, Gretchen Perilli Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

1,25 Oh Vitamin D Mediated Hypercalcemia In A Patient With Malignancy Without Lymphoma (Poster), Katie Mastoris Do, Sarah Park Do, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Patient Reported Barriers And Limitations To Attending Diabetes Group Visits (Poster), Beth Careyva Md, Melanie B. Johnson Mpa, Kyle Shaak Bs, Brian Stello Md

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Congenital Pituitary Stalk Deformity, Maura Bucciarelli Do, Gretchen Perilli Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Cushing’S Storm Secondary To Ectopic Acth Secreting Metastatic Breast Cancer, Maura Bucciarelli Do, Ya-Yu Lee Md, Vasudev G. Magaji Md, Ms

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Efficacy And Safety Of Sitagliptin For The Treatment Of New-Onset Diabetes After Renal Transplantation., Brian P. Boerner, Clifford D. Miles, Vijay Shivaswamy

Journal Articles: Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism

New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a common comorbidity after renal transplantation. Though metformin is the first-line agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in renal transplant recipients, metformin is frequently avoided due to concerns about renal dysfunction and risk for lactic acidosis. Therefore, alternative first-line agents for the treatment of NODAT in renal transplant recipients are needed. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a low incidence of hypoglycemia, is weight neutral, and, in a small study, did not affect immunosuppressant levels. However, long-term sitagliptin use for the treatment of NODAT in kidney transplant recipients has not been studied. …

The Impact Of Salsalate Treatment On Serum Levels Of Advanced Glycation End Products In Type 2 Diabetes., Joshua I Barzilay, Kathleen A. Jablonski, Vivian Fonseca, Steven E Shoelson, Allison B Goldfine, Christopher Strauch, Vincent M Monnier, Tinsal-T2d Research Consortium.

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE Salsalate is a nonacetylated salicylate that lowers glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we examined whether salsalate also lowered serum-protein-bound levels of early and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that have been implicated in diabetic vascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were from the Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate for Type 2 Diabetes (TINSAL-T2D) study, which examined the impact of salsalate treatment on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and a wide variety of other parameters. One hundred eighteen participants received salsalate, 3.5 g/day for 48 weeks, and 109 received placebo. Early glycation product levels (HbA1c and fructoselysine …

Genetic Risk Of Progression To Type 2 Diabetes And Response To Intensive Lifestyle Or Metformin In Prediabetic Women With And Without A History Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus., Shannon D Sullivan, Kathleen A. Jablonski, Jose C Florez, Dana Dabelea, Paul W Franks, Sam Dagogo-Jack, Catherine Kim, William C Knowler, Costas A Christophi, Robert Ratner, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group.

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial investigated rates of progression to diabetes among adults with prediabetes randomized to treatment with placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention. Among women in the DPP, diabetes risk reduction with metformin was greater in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with women without GDM but with one or more previous live births.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We asked if genetic variability could account for these differences by comparing β-cell function and genetic risk scores (GRS), calculated from 34 diabetes-associated loci, between women with and without histories of GDM.

RESULTS β-Cell function was …

2014 Massachusetts Family Impact Seminar: A Lot On Our Plate; Chronic Health Threats In Massachusetts, Ira S. Ockene M.D., Christina D. Economos Ph.D, Barbara Goldoftas Ph.D, Denise A. Hines Ph.D., Caitlin Alcorn, Jacqueline A. Daigneault, Jordan R. Daley, Maura A. Flanagan, Carsten-Hendrik Rasche, Heather Rios, Julia Tran, Liam Kelly Fleming

Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise

A Lot on Our Plate: Chronic Health Threats in Massachusetts is the fifth Massachusetts Family Impact Seminar, and is designed to emphasize a family perspective in policymaking on issues related to childhood obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. In general, Family Impact Seminars analyze the consequences an issue, policy, or program may have for families.

Developmental Origins Of Cardiovascular Disease, Edwina H. Yeung, Candace Robledo, Nansi S. Boghossian, Cuilin Zhang, Pauline Mendola

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Although cardiovascular disease has traditionally been viewed as a condition of aging individuals, increasing focus has turned to its developmental origins. Since birthweight has been related to cardiovascular disease risk, research into factors such as gravid conditions that affect fetal growth have grown. Associations between maternal diabetes and childhood obesity from sibling studies suggest a causal role but prospective studies of gestational diabetes remain mixed. Preeclampsia and increased offspring blood pressure has been consistently observed but evidence for other cardiovascular outcomes is lacking. While maternal obesity is associated with childhood obesity, causality remains unclear and paternal obesity should be investigated …

Importance Of Measuring Non-Hdl Cholesterol In Type 2 Diabetes Patients., Nanik Ram, Bilal Ahmed, Fauzan Hashmi,, Abdul Jabbar

Department of Medicine

OBJECTIVE:

To study the correlation between Non-high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with Type 2diabetes mellitus and the proportion of patients achieving Adult Treatment Panel III recommended goals.

METHODS:

The cross sectional study was conducted at the Diabetic Clinic, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Data of Type 2 diabetesmellitus patients who attended the clinic bewteen 2007 and 2011 was reviewed. All Type 2 diabetic patients of either gender with fasting lipid profile irrespective of taking lipid lowering therapy were included.Type-1 DM, gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes patients with pregnancy and those with incomplete data were excluded. Correlation between …

The Emerging Role Of Oxylipins In Thrombosis And Diabetes., Benjamin E Tourdot, Intekhab Ahmed, Michael Holinstat

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Faculty Papers

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the US, is predicted to increase due to the shift in age of the general population and increase in CVD risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. New therapies are required to decrease the prevalence of CVD risk factors (obesity and diabetes) as well as reduce atherothrombosis, the major cause of CVD related mortality. Oxylipins, bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, play a role in the progression of CVD risk factors and thrombosis. Aspirin, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, decreases atherothrombotic associated mortality by 25%. These …

Effects Of Anti-Inflammatory Foods On Hyperglycemia In Type-1 Diabetics, Primrose Martin, Michelle Chino

McNair Poster Presentations

Based on a case study administered by Dr. Charlotte Gerson, an IDDM patient referred to as R.H. reversed hyperglycemic symptoms within ten weeks while adhering to a diet of mainly vegetables and some low-glycemic index fruits. R.H. also ingested mineral supplements and underwent multiple coffee enemas each day (Gerson & Bishop, 2007, p. 56). This self-study hypothesizes that diet alone has a positive correlation coefficient with hyperglycemic blood glucose levels in type-1 diabetics (IDDM). Conducting this self-study contributes information to the limited research and database of alternative methods for managing IDDM hyperglycemia, and provides candid documentation of the effects that …

Association Of Demographic Characteristics With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Gestational Hypertension In Ohio During 2012, Jared D. Klein

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Gestational Hypertension (GHTN) are serious conditions that can arise during pregnancy. Both of these disorders can cause detrimental health effects to both mother and newborn. Methods: Ohio vital statistics birth data was obtained from Public Health- Dayton and Montgomery County. The data set included 137,268 women who gave birth during 2012 in Ohio and had a known GDM and/or GHTN status. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Mac Version 20 (SPSS, IBM, 2011) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, odds ratios, chi-square analyses, and multivariate logistic forward stepwise regressions were calculated …

Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome Presenting As Short Stature: A Case Report, Nanik Ram, Syed Ahsan Ali, Syed Zubair Hussain

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Introduction: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality of the pituitary that is responsible for anterior pituitary deficiency. It is characterized by a classic triad of interrupted pituitary stalk, absent or ectopic posterior pituitary, and anterior pituitary hypoplasia or aplasia. Clinical presentation varies according to age. In adults it presents as short stature and anterior pituitary deficiency. Without early diagnosis and treatment, mortality and morbidity in these patients is high. Early diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease can prevent permanent short statue of the patient. We report the first case of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome from …

Conversion Of Autoimmune Hypothyroidism To Hyperthyroidism, Saira Furqan, Naeem-Ul Haque, Najmul Islam

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are the two autoimmune spectrum of thyroid disease. Cases of conversion from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism have been reported but conversion from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism is very rare. Although such cases have been reported rarely in the past we are now seeing such conversions from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism more frequently in clinical practice.

Case Presentation: We are reporting three cases of middle aged Asian females who presented with classical symptoms of hypothyroidism and the investigations showed elevated thyroid stimulating hormone with positive thyroid antibodies. Diagnosis of autoimmune hypothyroidism was made and thyroxine replacement therapy …

Preablation Stimulated Thyroglobulin/Tsh Ratio As A Predictor Of Successful I(131)Remnant Ablation In Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Following Total Thyroidectomy, Syed Zubair Hussain, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Sarwar Malik, Nanik Ram, Ali Asghar, Unaib Rabbani, Nida Aftab, Najmul Islam

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background. About 90% of thyroid cancers are differentiated thyroid cancers. Standard treatment is total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive I(131)remnant ablation and TSH suppression with thyroxine. Unsuccessful ablation drastically affects the prognosis of patients with DTC particularly high risk individuals; therefore, identifying the factors that affect the success of ablation is important in the management of patients with DTC. sTg is a good predictor of successful ablation in DTC. Its levels can be influenced by tumor staging and TSH values, as well as other factors. Therefore, we did this study using TSH to correct the predictive value of sTg in …