Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Intake, Abdominal Obesity, And Inflammation Among Us Adults Without And With Prediabetes—An Nhanes Study, Wei Ting Lin, Yu Hsiang Kao, Mirandy S. Li, Ting Luo, Hui Yi Lin, Chien Hung Lee, David W. Seal, Chih Yang Hu, Lei Shih Chen, Tung-Sung Tseng

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Excessive sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and abdominal obesity have been independently linked to numerous disorders, including diabetes and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). This study aimed to explore the association between SSB intake, abdominal obesity, and inflammation in normal and prediabetic adults. Sugar intake from SSBs was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls and further classified into non-, medium-, and high-intake. The status of non- and prediabetes was identified based on hemoglobin A1c level. All analyses were performed under a survey module with appropriate sampling weights to control for the complex survey design. A total of 5250 eligible adults without diabetes were …

Association Of Cumulative Monocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio With The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study, Dan Wu, Yulong Lan, Yuancheng Xu, Songna Xu, Yuejun Huang, Lois Balmer, Gehendra Maharra, Wencan Xu, Wei Wang, Shouling Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Recent studies have established that monocyte-derived inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unclear whether chronic metabolic inflammation, reflected by the cumulative monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR), predisposes the general population to T2DM. Methods: This study included 40,813 participants without diabetes from a real-life, community-based cohort (the Kailuan Study) attending a 2-year cycle of health survey since 2006. Cumulative exposure was obtained from 2006/2007 to 2010/2011. Follow-up started at 2010/2011 and through 2020. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to calculate the CumMHR-associated risk of incident T2DM. Results: Over …

Immunoglobulin G N-Glycan, Inflammation And Type 2 Diabetes In East Asian And European Populations: A Mendelian Randomization Study, Biyan Wang, Di Liu, Manshu Song, Wei Wang, Bo Guo, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycans have been shown to be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its risk factors. However, whether these associations reflect causal effects remain unclear. Furthermore, the associations of IgG N-glycans and inflammation are not fully understood. Methods: We examined the causal associations of IgG N-glycans with inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and T2D using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in East Asian and European populations. Genetic variants from IgG N-glycan quantitative trait loci (QTL) data were used as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR was conducted for IgG N-glycans with inflammation (75,391 and …

Association Of Apremilast With Vascular Inflammation And Cardiometabolic Function In Patients With Psoriasis: The Vip-A Phase 4, Open-Label, Nonrandomized Clinical Trial., Joel M Gelfand, Daniel B Shin, April W Armstrong, Stephen K Tyring, Andrew Blauvelt, Scott Gottlieb, Benjamin N Lockshin, Robert E Kalb, Robert Fitzsimmons, Justin Rodante, Philip Parel, Grigory A Manyak, Laurel Mendelsohn, Megan H Noe, Maryte Papadopoulos, Maha N Syed, Thomas J Werner, Joy Wan, Martin P Playford, Abass Alavi, Nehal N Mehta

Journal Articles

IMPORTANCE: Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is commonly used for psoriasis and can cause weight loss.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between apremilast and aortic vascular inflammation as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), cardiometabolic markers (primary outcomes at week 16), and abdominal fat composition.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-arm, open-label, interventional, nonrandomized clinical trial in which the imaging and laboratory outcomes were measured by an investigator who was blinded to time was conducted between April 11, 2017, and August 17, 2021, at 7 dermatology sites …

The Effect Of Oral And Topical Antibiotics On Foreskin Inflammation And Hiv Target Cells In Ugandan Men., Zhongtian (Eric) Shao

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Penile circumcision reduces HIV susceptibility by up to 60% in men; however, many men prefer to remain uncircumcised for personal or cultural reasons. Penile circumcision protects against HIV by reducing anaerobic bacteria on the penis. Penile anaerobes cause local inflammation and the recruitment of HIV-susceptible CD4+CCR5+ cells, increasing the likelihood that exposure to HIV during intercourse results in infection. To determine if a non-surgical intervention can reduce penile anaerobes and HIV target cells, we randomized men to antimicrobial treatment prior to circumcision. To be able to quantify the effect of antimicrobials, we developed a novel deep-learning algorithm to quantify HIV …

Targeted Therapeutics And Novel Signaling Pathways In Non-Alcohol-Associated Fatty Liver/Steatohepatitis (Nafl/Nash), Xiaohan Xu, Kyle L Poulsen, Lijuan Wu, Shan Liu, Tatsunori Miyata, Qiaoling Song, Qingda Wei, Chenyang Zhao, Chunhua Lin, Jinbo Yang

Journal Articles

Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH) has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. NASH, an advanced form of NAFL, can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis. While there are still limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH, growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets, as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents, with a …

Serpin-Derived Novel Peptide For The Treatment Against Hiv-Induced Inflammation In The Central Nervous System, Yemmy Soler

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the brain, HIV predominantly infects microglia/macrophages and astrocytes to a lesser extent. These cells form virus reservoirs with low levels of infection that are very hard to eradicate. Even though the use of cART increases survival rate in HIV patients, the virus persists as a chronic condition. cART is not able to effectively cross the BBB, control HIV replication, or attenuate inflammation in brain reservoirs. Therefore, the virus still causes neuronal dysfunction, pain-related pathology, and ultimately HAND. In this study, we decided to test the hypothesis that a serpin-derived small peptide, SP16, can serve as an anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, pro-survival, …

Host Gut Resistome In Gulf War Chronic Multisymptom Illness Correlates With Persistent Inflammation, Dipro Bose, Somdatta Chatterjee, Ethan Older, Ratanesh Seth, Patricia Janulewicz, Punnag Saha, Ayan Mondal, Jeffrey M Carlson, Alan W Decho, Kimberly Sullivan, Nancy Klimas, Stephen Lasley, Jie Li, Saurabh Chatterjee

Journal Articles

Chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) affects a subsection of elderly and war Veterans and is associated with systemic inflammation. Here, using a mouse model of CMI and a group of Gulf War (GW) Veterans' with CMI we show the presence of an altered host resistome. Results show that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are significantly altered in the CMI group in both mice and GW Veterans when compared to control. Fecal samples from GW Veterans with persistent CMI show a significant increase of resistance to a wide class of antibiotics and exhibited an array of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) distinct from normal …

The Role Of Calprotectin In T-Lymphocyte Driven Inflammation In A Mouse Model Of Psychological Trauma, Cassandra Moshfegh

Theses & Dissertations

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychological disorder that affects nearly 45 million Americans. This mental disorder is characterized by behavioral symptoms such as learned helplessness, hyperarousal, withdrawal, and flashbacks. The deleterious effects of PTSD are far-reaching and go beyond behavioral dysfunction, as these individuals are at a three-fold higher risk of comorbid inflammatory diseases. Autonomic, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases plague these individuals later in their lifetime, however, the mechanistic link connecting psychological trauma to this systemic peripheral immunological dysfunction remains elusive. T-lymphocyte-induced inflammation plays a significant role in all these disease pathologies. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated …

Periodontal Disease And Covid-19, Zhaozhao Chen Dds, Ms, Phd, Laurie K. Mccauley Dds, Ms, Phd, Purnima S. Kumar Bds, Ms, Phd, Hom-Lay Wang Dds, Ms, Phd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

As the gateway to the respiratory system, the oral cavity can play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 invasion and transmission. Besides high expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the oral cavity can harbor viral particles in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and the periodontal pocket. Microbial and inflammatory associations closely link periodontitis and COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the possible oral manifestations of COVID‐19, its association with periodontal diseases, the plausible underlying mechanisms of microbial and inflammatory crosstalk between COVID‐19 and periodontal diseases, and mitigation protocols during periodontal treatment.

Time Course Investigation Of The Dermal Leukocyte Response To Lipoteichoic Acid In Chickens, Ian Gilbert

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria that stimulates inflammation during bacterial infection. However, few studies have investigated the in vivo immune response to LTA, and none of the in vivo studies done have been performed in birds. For this project, the pulp (a skin-derivative) of growing feathers (GFs) of chickens were used as a test site to investigate the in vivo effects of intradermally injected LTA. In Study 1, the pulp of 12 GFs of 11-week-old Light-brown Leghorn (LBL) males were injected with 10 μL of differing concentrations of LTA (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 …

The Role Of Obesity In Macrophage-Mediated Mechanisms Promoting Early-Onset Colon Cancer., Katharina Marietta Scheurlen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Early-onset colon cancer (EOCC) is a leading cause of cancer death among people younger than 50 years of age in the United States and is associated with metabolic dysfunction and obesity. Anti-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and low Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) gene expression in colon cancer (CC) tissue promote tumor progression and decreased patient survival. Obesity-related hormones, such as leptin and adiponectin, have the potential to affect gene expression in TAM to promote CC progression and thereby link obesity and EOCC. The aim of this project was to identify target genes in human CC and to investigate the …

Ameliorative Effects Of Minor Cannabinoids Over Hiv-1 Tat-Mediated Visceral Pain, Charlie Worth

Honors Theses

As the total number of people living with HIV continues to rise across the world, an effective HIV treatment is still sought after. While modern-day advanced therapies exist for mitigating much of the negative effects of HIV, the virus remains evasive and problematic in the central nervous system. Thus, even with treatment, many people living with HIV continue to suffer from a plethora of symptoms. However, a large proportion of HIV-positive patients claim to feel a reduction in those persevering symptoms after cannabis usage. This anecdotal evidence has sparked interest in the efficacy of cannabis constituents for HIV therapy. This …

Increased Inflammatory Low-Density Neutrophils In Severe Obesity And Effect Of Bariatric Surgery: Results From Case-Control And Prospective Cohort Studies, Maria Dulfary Sanchez-Pino, William S. Richardson, Jovanny Zabaleta, Ramesh Thylur Puttalingaiah, Andrew G. Chapple, Jiao Liu, Yonghyan Kim, Michelle Ponder, Randi Dearmitt, Lyndsey Buckner Baiamonte, Dorota Wyczechowska, Liqin Zheng, Amir A. Al-Khami, Jone Garai, Rachel Martini, Melissa Davis, Jessica Koller Gorham, James B. Wooldridge, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Lucio Miele, Augusto C. Ochoa

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Low-density neutrophils (LDN) are increased in several inflammatory diseases and may also play a role in the low-grade chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Here we explored their role in obesity, determined their gene signatures, and assessed the effect of bariatric surgery. Methods: We compared the number, function, and gene expression profiles of circulating LDN in morbidly obese patients (MOP, n=27; body mass index (BMI) > 40 Kg/m2) and normal-weight controls (NWC, n=20; BMI < 25 Kg/m2) in a case-control study. Additionally, in a prospective longitudinal study, we measured changes in the frequency of LDN after bariatric surgery (n=36) and tested for associations with metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Findings: LDN and inflammatory markers were significantly increased in MOP compared to NWC. Transcriptome analysis showed increased neutrophil-related gene expression signatures associated with inflammation, neutrophil activation, and immunosuppressive function. However, LDN did not suppress T cells proliferation and produced low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Circulating LDN in MOP significantly decreased after bariatric surgery in parallel with BMI, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory markers. Interpretation: Obesity increases LDN displaying an inflammatory gene signature. Our results suggest that LDN may represent a neutrophil subset associated with chronic inflammation, a feature of obesity that has been previously associated with the appearance and progression of co-morbidities. Furthermore, bariatric surgery, as an efficient therapy for severe obesity, reduces LDN in circulation and improves several components of the metabolic syndrome supporting its recognized anti-inflammatory and beneficial metabolic effects. Funding: This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 5P30GM114732-02, P20CA233374 – A. Ochoa and L. Miele), Pennington Biomedical NORC (P30DK072476 – E. Ravussin & LSU-NO Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center and Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (LACaTS; U54-GM104940 – J. Kirwan).

Fungi: Friend Or Foe? A Mycobiome Evaluation In Children With Autism And Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Jane Alookaran, Yuying Liu, Thomas A Auchtung, Amirali Tahanan, Manouchehr Hessabi, Parisa Asgarisabet, Mohammad H Rahbar, Nicole Y Fatheree, Deborah A Pearson, Rosleen Mansour, Melissa R Van Arsdall, Fernando Navarro, J Marc Rhoads

Journal Articles

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms often affect children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and GI symptoms have been associated with an abnormal fecal microbiome. There is limited evidence of Candida species being more prevalent in children with ASD. We enrolled 20 children with ASD and GI symptoms (ASD + GI), 10 children with ASD but no GI symptoms (ASD - GI), and 20 from typically developing (TD) children in this pilot study. Fecal mycobiome taxa were analyzed by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequencing. GI symptoms (GI Severity Index [GSI]), behavioral symptoms (Social Responsiveness Scale -2 [SRS-2]), inflammation and fungal immunity (fecal calprotectin and …

Interleukin-1 Receptor 1 Signaling In Mild Tbi: Do Endothelial Cells Play A Major Role?, Colleen N. Bodnar

Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience

Across the world, over 69 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) per year making TBI a major health concern worldwide. Of all the TBIs that occur each year, it is suggested that up to 90 percent are mild in nature. Even a mild TBI causes both physical damages to the cells of the brain and activation of a variety of biochemical cascades. Inflammation is an extremely common pathology seen in the brains of TBI survivors of all severities. Chronic inflammation can cause detrimental effects within the brain including neurodegeneration. A major pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), is upregulated within …

The Effects Of Neuronal Growth Factors On Lps-Activated Schwann Cells, Caitlyn E. Henry, Peyton Kimmel, Angela Asirvatham Ph.D.

Student Research Poster Presentations 2022

Schwann cells (SCs) are the principal support cells of neurons in the peripheral nervous system, that both myelinate axons for the rapid conduction of electrical impulses as well as assist in axonal repair during nerve injury. During nerve injury, SCs secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)^1,5,6 and other proinflammatory mediators^1,6, attracting macrophages to the site of injury to induce inflammation and clear myelin debris.^1,6 Once the debris is cleared, the neuron stimulates SC proliferation by secreting neuronal mitogens, such as heregulin^3,4, and an unknown factor that activates the cAMP pathway³, an important …

Simulation Of An Inflammatory Model Using Schwann Cells, Caitlyn Henry, Peyton Kimmel, Angela Asirvatham

Student Research Poster Presentations 2022

During peripheral nerve injury, the myelin surrounding the neuronal axons is damaged, initiating an inflammatory response to remove myelin debris. Once myelin debris is cleared, Schwann cells acquire a proliferating phenotype which allows them to grow and divide so that remyelination can occur. The neuron stimulates Schwann cell division by secreting growth factors, like heregulin, and an unknown growth factor that activates the cAMP pathway. Although the role of cAMP in axonal regeneration is well-known, not much has been explored about its function in Schwann cells during nerve injury and inflammation. To simulate an inflammatory environment, the S16 Schwann cell …

Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Following Diagnostic Coronary Angiography, Hytham Rashid, Andrew Good, Jonathan Brown, Tusharkumar Pansuriya, Alan Fisher Covin, Mir Ali Sadat

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2022

No abstract provided.