Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Lack Of Efficacy Of The Neutropenic Diet In Decreasing Infections Among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review, Muni Rubens, Anshul Saxena, Peter Mcgranaghan, Emir Veledar, Ana Viamonte Ros, Rupesh Kotecha

Rupesh Kotecha

No abstract provided.

Medically Tailored Meals As A Prescription For Treatment Of Food-Insecure Type 2 Diabetics, Leslie J. Rabaut

Aurora Family Medicine Residents

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an immense burden to the health of our population and to our current health care system, and the weight of this burden is only projected to multiply in coming years. A nutritious diet is an indispensable aspect of diabetes treatment, and the lack of access to food engenders poor disease-state control, which correlates with increased health care utilization. Interventions aimed at improving access to food through medically tailored meals (MTMs) have demonstrated effectiveness in improving the health of food-insecure type 2 diabetic patients and reducing health care costs. Further studies are necessary to increase the …

A Coordinated School Health Approach To Obesity Prevention Among Appalachian Youth: Middle School Student Outcomes From The Winning With Wellness Project, William T. Dalton Iii, Karen Schetzina, Elizabeth Conway-Williams

Karen E. Schetzina

The Winning With Wellness (WWW) project was a school-based obesity prevention program that was developed to promote healthy eating and physical activity in youth residing in rural Appalachia. The project was based on the Coordinated School Health model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013a) and used a community-based participatory research approach with an emphasis on feasibility and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported health outcomes for middle school students across the course of the intervention. Sixth grade middle school students (N = 149; 52% girls) from four schools in Northeast Tennessee completed a …

A Single High‐Fat Meal Alters Human Soluble Rage Profiles And Pbmc Rage Expression With No Effect Of Prior Aerobic Exercise, Kelly N.Z. Fuller, Rudy J. Valentine, Edwin R. Miranda, Prabhakaran Kumar, Bellur S. Prabhakar, Jacob M. Haus

Rudy Valentine

A high‐fat diet can induce inflammation and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a critical role in metabolic disease pathophysiology and the soluble form of the receptor (sRAGE) can mitigate these effects. However, little is known about RAGE in the postprandial condition and the effect of exercise in this context. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of a single high‐fat meal (HFM) with and without prior exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RAGE biology. Healthy males (n = 12) consumed a HFM on two occasions, one without prior …

Make Your Garden Grow: Designing A Physical Activity Estimation Improvement Game, Ashish Amresh, Leigh Small

Ashish Amresh

We present a novel game and virtual world based application that is aimed at improving the physical activity estimation skills of parents. It has been well established that lack of proper estimation of preschool children’s activity levels may be one of the main causes for childhood obesity. Childhood obesity has several long term health effects ranging from cardio-vascular disease to type II diabetes and obese preschool children are at risk for later life. We have developed an application that caters to both the parent and the child and uses a virtual garden as a fledgling ecosystem controlled both by the …

Interactive Cause And Effect Comic-Book Storytelling For Improving Nutrition Outcomes In Children, Ashish Amresh, Madhumita Sinha, Rebecca Birr, Rahul Salla

Ashish Amresh

Obesity among children and adolescents is increasingly becoming a major public health problem. Poverty and lower socio-economic status as well as lack of parental awareness regarding a balanced diet and adequate exercise all contribute towards childhood obesity. Unfortunately minority children have been especially vulnerable, among them inner-city Latino children continue to have the highest incidence rates of overweight and obesity; hence targeted intervention for this population group is of paramount importance. Access and affordability of smartphones and mobile internet devices provide an opportunity to create nutrition education interventions that can significantly impact and change attitude and knowledge regarding healthy diet …

The Lifestyle Initiative: An Innovative Coaching-Based Quality Improvement Study To Improve The Health Of Aurora Health Care Caregivers And Family Members, Tiffany A. Mullen, Jessica J.F. Kram, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD

Background: Self-management support has been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Health coaching, one form of self-management support, empowers patients within the health care system by providing information and through collaboratively developed care plans.

Purpose: Assess the impact of The Lifestyle Initiative, a coaching-based health program utilized by Aurora Health Care caregivers or family members.

Methods: The Lifestyle Initiative is a coaching-based approach for Aurora caregivers or family members enrolled in Aurora’s health insurance network. Individuals were recruited from the care management database, and all participants had an Aurora primary care provider. Participation was limited to those ≥ 18 years of …

Sex And Race/Ethnic Disparities In Food Security And Chronic Diseases In U.S. Older Adults, Joan A. Vaccaro, Fatma Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among sex, race/ethnicity, and food security with the likelihood of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lung disease for older adults. Method: Complex sample analysis by logistic regression models for chronic diseases were conducted from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011 to 2012 and 2013 to 2014, for N = 3,871 adults aged ≥55 years. Results: Being female with low food security was associated with lung disease and diabetes. Poverty, rather than low food security, was associated with cardiovascular diseases. Minority status was independently associated with low food security …

Health Indicators Of Us Older Adults Who Received Or Did Not Receive Meals Funded By The Older Americans Act, Edgar Vieira, Joan A. Vaccaro, Gustavo G. Zarini, Fatma Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

Background. The Older Americans Act (OAA) requires that nutrition programs provide meals and related nutrition services that promote health and help manage chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare health status, food security, functional limitations, and chronic diseases of older adults who received or did not receive OAA meals using data from a representative sample of US adults. Methods. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2011–2014 for 2,392 older adults ≥ 65 years of age, including 187 Mexican Americans, 212 other Hispanics, 521 non-Hispanic Blacks, 219 non-Hispanic Asians, and 1253 non-Hispanic Whites. Results. Those …

Nutrition Intakes And Nutritional Status Of School Age Children In Ghana, Justina S. Owusu, Esi Komeley Colecraft, Richmond Aryeetey, Joan A. Vaccaro, Fatma Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

This paper compares nutrition intakes and nutritional status of school children from two public schools in neighbouring communities of Ghana with different school feeding programmes. One hundred and eighty-two caregiver and school-age child pairs were interviewed concerning socio-demographics, dietary practices, and food security in a cross-sectional design. The independent t-test was used to compare the contribution of the publicly funded Ghana School Feeding Programme and private School Feeding Programme meals to total daily nutrient intakes of the children. Predictors of nutritional status of the children were assessed using logistic regression models. The private school feeding programme contributed more energy, …

Health-Related Characteristics Of Older Adults Who Attend Congregate Meal Sites In The United States, Fatma Huffman, Joan A. Vaccaro, Edgar Vieira, Gustavo G. Zarini

Joan A. Vaccaro

The purpose of this study was to determine health-related characteristics of a representative sample of older adults who attend congregate meal sites in the United States, and compare races/ethnicities and sexes. Participants were adults, aged 60 years and older, (N = 901) of the 2015 Tenth Annual National Survey of Older American Act Participants (NSOAAP). Difficulties with mobility and Activities of Daily Living were common among older adults who attended congregate meals. Health-related characteristics differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Higher percentages of men reported eating more than half their calories from the site: 61.0% (53, 68), compared to women: 41.2% …

Online Nutrition And T2dm Continuing Medical Education Course Launched On State-Level Medical Association, Kristen K. Hicks, P. S. Murano

Kristen Hicks-Roof

"Carer-Centred Care": Family Carer Experiences, Roles And Support Needs: Implications For Dietitians In Rehabilitation, Skye Marshall, Dianne Reidlinger, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring

Liz Isenring

Title on the Conference Program:

"Family carer experiences, roles and support needs: Implications for dietitians in rehabilitation"

Do Making Habits Or Breaking Habits Influence Weight Loss And Weight Loss Maintenence? A Randomised Controlled Trial, Gina Cleo, Rae Thomas, Liz Isenring, Paul P. Glasziou

Liz Isenring

- After losing it, keeping weight off is difficult.

- Around 40% of weight loss is regained over the first year following treatment, and much of the rest over the next three years

- Habitual behaviour and automaticity have been suggested as the most plausible explanation for this overwhelming lack of long-term weight loss success

‘Most of the time what we do is what we do most of the time, sometimes we do something different’

"Carer-Centred Care": Family Carer Experiences, Roles And Support Needs: Implications For Dietitians In Rehabilitation, Skye Marshall, Dianne Reidlinger, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

Title on the Conference Program:

"Family carer experiences, roles and support needs: Implications for dietitians in rehabilitation"

Do Dietary Patterns Explain High Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Pakistani Urban Adults? A Cross-Sectional Study, Nilofer F. Safdar, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Lorraine Cordeiro, Tazeen H. Jafar, Nancy L. Cohen

Lorraine Cordeiro

Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in South Asia is higher than in any other developing countries. The diversity of diets in populations among developing countries may be one explanation for the differences in CVD. This study was carried out to explore the association between dietary patterns and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors among Pakistani low income urban adults. Methods Socio demographic, physical activity and dietary information was collected from 1546 Pakistani subjects aged ≥40 years from the Control of Hypertension and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study. Anthropometric, clinical and biomarker measures were assessed. Cluster analysis was used to …

The Malnutrition Screening Tool In Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Comparison Of Validity When Completed By Health Professionals With And Without Malnutrition Screening Training Has Implications For Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

Behavioral Disorders: A Nutritional Checklist For The Educational Practitioner, Ronald F. Bobner, Louisa M. Marchionda, Carolyn Ridenour, Isadore Newman, Mary J. Beaubien

Carolyn S. Ridenour

Millions of dollars are spent annually on special educational programs for children whose severe behavior disorders prevent them from participating in the regular school setting despite average or above average intellectual capacity. A growing body of research indicates that some of these behavior disorders are related to nutritional problems. (Pfeiffer and Iliev 1972; Kittler 1973; Mayron 1979; and Buckley 1977), and many clinicians support the view that no matter what the etiology of behavioral disorders, nutritional programs can improve the baseline data on medical, social and intellectual achievement, and on personality measures (Palmer 1978). Our purpose here is to present …

Perceived Body Image, Eating Behavior, And Sedentary Activities And Body Mass Index Categories In Kuwaiti Female Adolescents, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Fatma G. Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

Background. The State of Kuwait has a growing obesity epidemic in both genders and all age groups; however, obesity rates in the young seem to be rising. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 169 Kuwaiti female adolescents attending both private and public schools spanning the six governorates in the State of Kuwait in order to explore female adolescents’ self-image, body dissatisfaction, type of school (private versus public), TV viewing, and computer games and their relationship to body mass index. Results. Approximately half the students classified as obese perceived their body image to lie in the normal range. Females in …

Cardiovascular Endurance, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Screen Time, And Carotenoid Intake Of Children: Nhanes National Youth Fitness Survey, Joan A. Vaccaro, Fatma G. Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

Background. Approximately 17% of children aged 6–11 years were classified as obese in the United States. Obesity adversely affects physical functioning and leads to reduced quality of life. Heart function for overweight and obese children has not been reported. Methods. Data for this study were from NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) conducted in conjunction with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2012. This study used data from children aged 6–12 () that had the cardiorespiratory endurance measure, body mass index for age and sex, and dietary data (). Cardiovascular endurance was estimated by heart rate reserve. …

Sex And Race/Ethnicity Differences In Following Dietary And Exercise Recommendations For U.S. Representative Sample Of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, Joan A. Vaccaro, Fatma G. Huffman

Joan A. Vaccaro

This study examined sex by race/ethnicity differences in medical advice received for diet and exercise with corresponding health behaviors of a U.S. representative sample of adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 1,269). Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 2011-2014 for 185 Mexican Americans, 123 Other Hispanics, 392 non-Hispanic Blacks, 140 non-Hispanic Asians, and 429 non-Hispanic Whites were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Reporting being given dietary and exercise advice was positively associated with reporting following the behavior. There were differences in sex and sex by race/ethnicity for reporting receiving medical advice and performing the …

The Relationship Between Body Composition, Stress, And Academic Performance In First-Semester College Students, Josie Mansperger, Mary-Jon Ludy

Josie Mansperger

Exploring The Connection Between Community Food Security Initiatives And Social-Cognitive Factors On Dietary Intake, Diana Cuy Castellanos, Josh Keller, Emma Majchrzak

Diana Cuy Castellanos

Food insecurity and poor dietary consumption continue to impact low-income populations in the U.S. However, communities are developing ways to address it at the local level. Community Food Security Initiatives (CFSI) focus on increasing a sustainable, healthy food supply and food system while addressing food insecurity and dietary quality within a community.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) explore CFSIs in low-income areas in a metropolitan Midwest city and (2) examine the effects of the initiatives along with other social-cognitive factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in persons participating in local CFSIs.

This was a mixed-methods study. First, …

The Relative Impact Of A Vegetable-Rich Diet On Key Markers Of Health In A Cohort Of Australian Adolescents, Ross Grant, Ayse Bilgin, Carol Zeuschner, Trish Guy, Robyn Pearce, Bevan Hokin, John Ashton

Robyn Pearce

Childhood obesity is a widespread health problem in Australia. Overweight in childhood can lead to adult overweight and the development of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Effective strategies for reducing childhood obesity are urgently required. A vegetarian diet has been shown to be an effective prophylactic to many lifestyle diseases in the adult population and may therefore be beneficial in children. However the metabolic demands of adolescents are different to adults and the impact of a vegetarian diet on CVD markers in this demographic is not certain. We compared key physiological and biochemical markers of health against responses to …

Evidence For Under-Nutrition In Adolescent Females Using Routine Dieting Practices, Jade Guest, Ayse Bilgin, Robyn Pearce, Surinder Baines, Carol Zeuschner, Corilda Le Rossignol-Grant, Margaret J. Morris, Ross Grant

Robyn Pearce

In Western countries the increasing prevalence of obesity in young people is a major public health concern. While the focus has been on reducing obesity, paradoxically the success of these campaigns may result in unhealthy nutritional practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the use and impact of weight control techniques on the health of adolescent females. Using Analysis of Variance we compared physiological and biochemical markers of health against responses to a modified, Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) in 482 adolescent females (14-17 yrs) from secondary schools in the northern Sydney and Central Coast regions …

The Complete Health Improvement Program (Chip), Darren Morton

Darren Morton

Over 2,000 years ago Hippocrates asserted: "Food and exercise... work together to produce health". Evidence for the wisdom of this Hippocratic council emerged throughout the 20th Century as large epidemiological studies, including the Framingham Heart Study, Nurses Health Study, EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) and the Adventist Health Study, highlighted the relationship between lifestyle and disease.

Trends In Bmi, Diet And Lifestyle Between 1976 And 2005 In North Sydney, Lillian Kent, Anthony Worsley

Lillian Kent

Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australia has increased during the past 30 years, little is known about the dietary and behavioural antecedents of body mass index (BMI). We examined changes in mean BMI, diet, and other lifestyle behaviours between 1976 and 2005 and described the cross-sectional associations between these factors and BMI. A series of biennial biomedical surveys by Sydney Adventist Hospital from 1976 to 2005 allowed examination of BMI trends, while the selection of three surveys enabled detailed examination of likely dietary and lifestyle associations. Subjects included in this study were: 384 men and 338 women …

Does The Prescriptive Lifestyle Of Seventh-Day Adventists Provide Immunity From The Secular Effects Of Changes In Bmi?, Lillian Kent, Anthony Worsley

Lillian Kent

Objective: To examine the effect of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) membership on ‘immunity’ to the secular effects of changes in BMI.

Design: Three independent, cross-sectional, screening surveys conducted by Sydney Adventist Hospital in 1976, 1986 and 1988 and a survey conducted among residents of Melbourne in 2006.

Subjects: Two hundred and fifty-two SDA and 464 non-SDA in 1976; 166 SDA and 291 non-SDA in 1986; 120 SDA and 300-non SDA in 1988; and 251 SDA and 294 non-SDA in 2006.

Measurements: Height and weight measured by hospital staff in 1976, 1986 and 1988; self-reported by respondents in 2006.

Results …

Optimising Nutrition In Residential Aged Care: A Narrative Review, Ekta Agarwal, Skye Marshall, Michelle Miller, Elizabeth Isenring

Liz Isenring

In developed countries the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition increases with age and multimorbidities increase nutritional risk in aged care residents in particular. This paper presents a narrative review of the current literature on the identification, prevalence, associated risk factors, consequences, and management of malnutrition in the residential aged care (RAC) setting. We performed searches of English-language publications on Medline, PubMed, Ovid and the Cochrane Library from January 1 1990 to November 25 2015. We found that, on average, half of all residents in aged care are malnourished as a result of factors affecting appetite, dietary intake and nutrient absorption. Malnutrition …

Optimising Nutrition In Residential Aged Care: A Narrative Review, Ekta Agarwal, Skye Marshall, Michelle Miller, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

In developed countries the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition increases with age and multimorbidities increase nutritional risk in aged care residents in particular. This paper presents a narrative review of the current literature on the identification, prevalence, associated risk factors, consequences, and management of malnutrition in the residential aged care (RAC) setting. We performed searches of English-language publications on Medline, PubMed, Ovid and the Cochrane Library from January 1 1990 to November 25 2015. We found that, on average, half of all residents in aged care are malnourished as a result of factors affecting appetite, dietary intake and nutrient absorption. Malnutrition …