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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Effects Of Maternal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol And Cannabidiol Exposure On Fetal Heart Development In Mice, Gregory Robinson
The Effects Of Maternal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol And Cannabidiol Exposure On Fetal Heart Development In Mice, Gregory Robinson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Up to 22.6% of pregnant women consume cannabis during pregnancy despite the uncertainty of teratogenicity of the main ingredients in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). This study tested the hypothesis that gestational THC and CBD exposure leads to heart abnormalities. Daily, oral THC exposure induced heart abnormalities in 68% of offspring with three main phenotypes including thickened semilunar valves, ventricular myocardial hypertrophy and hypoplastic coronary arteries in fetuses, and postnatal cardiac dysfunction. Altered gene expression of key cardiogenic regulators, increased proliferation, and reduced epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition were demonstrated implicating potential mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities. Also, maternal CBD exposure resulted …
Exploration Of The Association Between Muscle Volume And Bone Geometry Reveals Surprising Relationship At The Genetic Level, Prakrit Subba
Exploration Of The Association Between Muscle Volume And Bone Geometry Reveals Surprising Relationship At The Genetic Level, Prakrit Subba
Masters Theses
The evolution of jaws in cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes is a textbook example of adaptive radiation in vertebrates. Karl Liem postulated that this adaptive radiation has been possible due to the functional decoupling of two cichlid functional units – the pharyngeal jaw (PJ) and the oral jaw (OJ). This functional decoupling of the jaws has enabled the OJ to be relieved of its dual role of prey capturing and processing and has allowed the PJ to take on the role of prey processing. As a result, African cichlids have adapted the morphology of their functional units …
The Role Of Daam1 In Kidney Development, Vanja Krneta-Stankic
The Role Of Daam1 In Kidney Development, Vanja Krneta-Stankic
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Kidneys, like most organs in our bodies, consist of a network of epithelial tubules. Kidney tubules are called nephrons, and their morphology is important for kidney function. Nephrons develop from mesodermally derived aggregates of progenitor cells. The nephric progenitors organize into nephric tubules lined with hair-like sensory projections called cilia. Many diseases of the kidney are characterized by abnormal nephron morphology with current treatment aimed at symptom control. To understand the mechanisms underlying kidney diseases and achieve the development of novel therapies, a better understanding of how nephrons develop is needed. Although the actin cytoskeleton is critical for cell behaviors …
Technology Aiding In Neonatal Lung Developmental Care, Megan Kirk
Technology Aiding In Neonatal Lung Developmental Care, Megan Kirk
Undergraduate Honors Theses
In this paper, old as well as new technological findings to decrease premature infant mortality are reviewed. This paper discusses fetal development throughout pregnancy from conception to full-term status as well as fetal lung development specifically from conception until full-term status. Several ideas to rapidly develop and mature fetal lungs are discussed such as mothers ingesting artificial surfactant supplements, either independently or coupled with antenatal corticosteroids, as well as intra-amniotic instillation prior to 28 weeks gestational. Drawbacks regarding these two are mentioned as well such as the fetus’s lungs not being mature enough to use the artificial surfactant leading into …
The Role Of Daam1 In Kidney Development, Vanja Krneta-Stankic
The Role Of Daam1 In Kidney Development, Vanja Krneta-Stankic
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Kidneys, like most organs in our bodies, consist of a network of epithelial tubules. Kidney tubules are called nephrons, and their morphology is important for kidney function. Nephrons develop from mesodermally derived aggregates of progenitor cells. The nephric progenitors organize into nephric tubules lined with hair-like sensory projections called cilia. Many diseases of the kidney are characterized by abnormal nephron morphology with current treatment aimed at symptom control. To understand the mechanisms underlying kidney diseases and achieve the development of novel therapies, a better understanding of how nephrons develop is needed. Although the actin cytoskeleton is critical for cell behaviors …
Redox Signaling In The Zebrafish Embryo And Implications For Endocrine Pancreas Morphogenesis, Archit Rastogi
Redox Signaling In The Zebrafish Embryo And Implications For Endocrine Pancreas Morphogenesis, Archit Rastogi
Doctoral Dissertations
The glutathione (GSH) system evolved to combat oxygen toxicity in nearly all living organisms, and serves as the predominant cellular redox buffer in vertebrates. This dissertation explores the roles of GSH during embryogenesis using the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The first agnostic in vivo characterization of GSH utilization in the embryo revealed strict spatiotemporal GSH profiles in developing organ systems. Interruption of these GSH profiles by exogenous xenobiotics led to organ specific adverse developmental outcomes; pancreatic β-cells were found to be especially susceptible and developed atypical morphologies following redox active xenobiotic exposures. Pancreatic β-cells lacked expression of Nrf2a (Nuclear …
Determining The Genetic Control Of Neural Tube Malformation Through Genetic Interactions With Idgf3, Elli N. Fox
Determining The Genetic Control Of Neural Tube Malformation Through Genetic Interactions With Idgf3, Elli N. Fox
Honors Projects
Genetic mutations disrupting human neural tube formation can lead to birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Defects can result in lack of neural tube closure in either the caudal (spina bifida) or cranial (anencephaly) regions. Little is known about the genes that cause these malformations. Researchers have been using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster in an attempt to determine genes responsible for neural tube malformations. Recently, an ortholog of human chitin-like protein, imaginal disc growth factor 3 (Idgf3), has been identified as important in the proper formation of Drosophila egg dorsal appendages. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for …
Multi-Generational Effects Of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure On Gene Expression In Liver Tissue, Kayla Lovitt
Multi-Generational Effects Of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure On Gene Expression In Liver Tissue, Kayla Lovitt
Honors Theses
Cannabis is the most commonly used, cultivated, and trafficked illicit drug worldwide. Increased availability and acceptance of cannabis and cannabinoid-containing products provide the necessity for understanding how these substances influence aging. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (0.08, 0.4, 2 µM) during embryonic-larval development, the effects on aging were measured 30 months later and in the offspring of the exposed fish (F1 generation. We observed results indicating a biphasic and hormetic effect. Treatment with the lowest concentration of THC significantly increased egg production, while higher concentrations resulted in impaired …
Microglia And Fractalkine Involvement In Shaping Multimodal Midbrain Circuitry, Cooper A. Brett
Microglia And Fractalkine Involvement In Shaping Multimodal Midbrain Circuitry, Cooper A. Brett
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Microglial cells (MGCs) are highly dynamic and have been implicated in shaping discrete neural maps in several systems. MGCs respond to numerous cues in their microenvironment, including a neuronally-expressed chemokine, CX3CL1 (fractalkine). The present study examines microglial and CX3CL1 patterns with regard to the emerging modular-extramodular framework within the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus (LCIC). The LCIC is a shell region of the auditory midbrain where discrete compartments receive modality-specific connections, whereby somatosensory inputs terminate within modules and auditory inputs target surrounding extramodular zones. A reliable modular marker, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), enables visualization of emerging modular domains in …
Elucidating The Developmental Defects In Zebrafish Associated With The Cardiac Drug Verapamil, Blake Stephan Justis
Elucidating The Developmental Defects In Zebrafish Associated With The Cardiac Drug Verapamil, Blake Stephan Justis
MSU Graduate Theses
Birth defects are abnormalities in a developing organism that lead to a malformation in structure or function. Over half of birth defects have no determined cause; however, known causes occur by genetic anomalies, exposure to environmental agents (a.k.a. teratogens), or multifactorial reasons. To explain the unknown causes of birth defects, an area of focus in this study is to identify potential teratogens. Identifying these teratogens, is key to preventing future birth defects. An obvious source of teratogens in pregnant women would be that of pharmaceuticals. Thus, a main goal of this study is to identify drugs that cause birth defects. …
Arid1a Haploinsufficiency Initiates Neural Crest Transformation In A Mouse Model Of Mycn-Driven Neuroblastoma, Kirby A. Wallace
Arid1a Haploinsufficiency Initiates Neural Crest Transformation In A Mouse Model Of Mycn-Driven Neuroblastoma, Kirby A. Wallace
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Mouse models of cancer are critical for developing therapeutic treatments for pediatric patients. Recent sequencing studies of neuroblastoma (NBL) patient tumors have uncovered precise deletions in the chromatin remodeler and tumor suppressor gene (TSG) ARID1A. Additional causal studies supported ARID1A’s candidacy as a putative 1p36 TSG in MYCN-driven NBL. This study aimed to causally test Arid1a loss during Mycn-driven NBL initiation through the development of a mouse model of high risk NBL.In this study, we modified a Mycn-driven mouse model of NBL to incorporate Cre mediated deletion of floxed Arid1a. Briefly, in freshly isolated embryonic day 9.5 primary trunk neural …
Role Of Ciliary Proteins Adp Ribosylation Factor Like Gtpase 13b (Arl13b) And Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-8 (Bbs8) In Photoreceptor Outer Segment Morphogenesis, Maintenance, And Viability, Tanya L. Dilan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Photoreceptor neurons are modified primary cilia with an extended ciliary compartment known as the outer segment (OS). The mechanisms behind the elaboration of photoreceptor cilia, OS morphogenesis, and maintenance remain poorly understood. In this work, we focused on dissecting the role of two ciliary proteins, the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 13B (ARL13B) and Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-8 (BBS8) in the context of photoreceptor biology. Both BBS8 and ARL13B are linked to defects in ciliogenesis (cilia development) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (vision loss). ARL13B is implicated in regulating ciliary length, and BBS8 is part of the Bardet-Biedl Syndrome complex (BBSome); the BBSome is …