Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Variability In Selecting Lateral Cephalometric Landmarks In Two Cbct Image Modes, Dana Nguyen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of lateral cephalometric landmark selection in two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) lateral cephalometric simulations: 1) a mean projection image (MPI) and 2) a serial sagittal slice image (SSSI).

Methods: A MPI is a two-dimensional (2D) image obtained from the NewTom 3G^TM CBCT that resembles the conventional lateral cephalogram. A SSSI is a 2D image also obtained from CBCT data, but is created by superimposing a series of selected thin sagittal slices containing the required cephalometric landmarks. This study compared the Ricketts and Steiner analysis of the MPI …

A Continued Investigation Of Craniofacial Growth In Infant Heart Transplant Recipients Receiving Cyclosporine, Gabriel Enriquez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Since the mid 1980’s, Cyclosporine has proved to be an effective immunosuppressive drug and now has a widespread application in organ transplantation. Several studies, however, have implicated cyclosporine as adversely affecting craniofacial growth in the pediatric population. ^16,18 The purpose of this follow-up study was to continue to evaluate the possible untoward effects of long-term use of cyclosporine on craniofacial growth in a group of infant heart transplantation recipients by re-evaluating as many subjects as possible from the original study and evaluating new subjects. A pediatric group (N=13) was composed of six Caucasian subjects (4 male and 2 female, ages …

Resorbable Barrier Effect In Sinus Graft Using Anorganic Bone, Kyung-Soo Choi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of a resorbable membrane on new bone formation in human maxillary sinus augmentation using anorganic bovine material is unclear at the present time. As a pilot study, six patients who required bilateral maxillary sinus augmentations for endoessous dental implant treatment were grafted with anorganic bovine bone material. All six patients had a resorbable collagen membrane placed over the graft material on only one side for the sinus augmentation. At the time of implant placement, a minimum of 8 months following sinus graft healing, a biopsy was made of each side to permit histomorphometric analysis.

Similar amounts of new …

Vital Tooth Whitening: Effects On Tooth Color Satisfaction, Beliefs About Dentofacial Appearance, And Self-Esteem In Older Adults, Kelly Marie Seeber

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of vital tooth whitening on tooth color satisfaction, beliefs about dentofacial appearance, and self-esteem in a population 50 years of age and older. A two-group, randomized, pre-test, post-test, single-blind design was utilized following !RB-approval. Sixty-two participants were enrolled. Fifty-three participants (N=53) completed the study with no adverse events reported. Both the control and experimental groups received instructions for a threeweek oral self-care regimen, a toothbrush, toothpaste, and floss. The experimental group also received a tooth whitening product (independent variable) to be used during the same three-week period. Dependent variable measures …

In Vitro Evaluation Of The Reciprocating Disposable Prophylaxis Angle Versus The Rotating Disposable Prophylaxis Angle In Extrinsic Stain Removal Effectiveness, Inma Lacross

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the extrinsic tooth stain removing effectiveness of a 90° counter-rotating disposable prophylaxis angle (DPA) with rubber cup as compared to the traditional 360° unirotational DPA with rubber cup. Four randomly assigned groups of cleaned, sterilized, extracted human teeth, artificially stained with coffee, tea, tobacco, and red wine were polished on the buccal and lingual surfaces using one of the two rubber cup DP As under study. Each dependent variable (four different stain types) was tested four times with each prophylaxis angle, using each of the four prophylaxis paste conditions, and three different …

In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Calcium Hydroxides In Root Dentin, Josef W. Lubisich

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. Endodontic intracanal medicaments are commonly tested using standardized bovine cylinders infected with bacteria. The literature is not clear on whether calcium hydroxides are able to remove E. faecalis from the dentinal tubules. One reason for this is that there are several varying forms of calcium hydroxide commonly used. The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether four commonly used calcium hydroxide products were able to reduce E. faecalis from four incremental samples of dentin and to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between …

Adolescent Craniofacial Morphology Associated With Degenerative Joint Disease, Byron Diehl

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this retrospective research was to evaluate the association of degenerative joint disease (DJD) on the skeletal and dental patterns of affected adolescent individuals. The T1 lateral cephalometric radiographs of 48 subjects were reviewed, consisting of 18 subjects with DJD and 25 subjects without DJD. The age of subjects ranged between 10 - 17 years with a mean age of 13 years. Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were taken to evaluate the skeletal, denture base and dental characteristics of the two groups. Overall, there were 24 variables chosen to represent the cranial base, maxillary jaw position, mandibular jaw …

Implant Success In Distracted Bone Versus Autogenous Bone-Grafted Sites, Jeffrey Allan Elo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Endosseous implants are the treatment of choice for restoring function and reconstructing edentulous areas of the maxilla and mandible. Alveolar defects can be reconstructed by either distraction osteogenesis or autogenous bone grafting. After alveolar reconstruction, endosseous implants are used to support and retain the prosthesis for restoration of form and function. We retrospectively analyzed the success rates of endosseous implant placement in distracted versus autogenous bone graft reconstruction sites in our patient population at Loma Linda University Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 82 consecutive patients requiring alveolar augmentation prior to implant placement were evaluated. All patients were …

Influence Of Common Orthodontic Appliances On Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Joseph Matthew Elison

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential diagnostic tool in modern medicine. Conditions such as cerebral vascular accidents, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, autism, cancer, migraine and cluster headaches benefit from its use. It has been discovered that 4-10% of all children and adolescents will experience a seizure at some point (Hauser, 1994) and MRI is one of the most common imaging modalities for seizure and epilepsy diagnosis. Unfortunately, some orthodontic materials cause distortion on MR images. Radiologists would probably require the removal of any distortion-causing orthodontic appliance prior to MR imaging. It is questionable whether radiologists would be comfortable …

The Effect Of Calcium Hydroxide Pastes On Root Dentin Fracture Resistance, Kurt W. Sturz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Calcium hydroxide is a common intracanal medicament used in the treatment of immature teeth that have been subjected to trauma or decay prior to root canal therapy. The effect of calcium hydroxide on immature root dentin is important. One area of concern is the effect that calcium hydroxide has on the fracture resistance of an immature tooth. It is the aim of this study to compare the effect of four different commercially available calcium hydroxide pastes on the fracture resistance of bovine teeth. Seventy-five freshly extracted, intact bovine incisors were prepared according to a modified Haapasalo and Orstavik technique. Each …

Shear Strengths Of Three "One-Step" Self-Etching Dental Bonding Agents, Jeff G. Alcaide

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Objective: To compare the dentin shear bond strength of three self-etching bonding agents with that of a conventional total-etch bonding system.

Materials & Method: Extracted third molars (120) were fixed in 10% formalin and randomly divided into eight groups of 15 specimens each. The specimens were mounted in acrylic resin and the surface ground to expose superficial dentin. A standardized smear layer was created by polishing the surfaces with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive system was placed on the specimen surface according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimen then was mounted onto a standardized jig and light cured. …

Bone Morphogenic Protein Induced Repair Of The Premaxillary Cleft, Rick J. Rawson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bony augmentation of premaxillary clefts in humans using recombinant bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2) in a collagen sponge carrier. 12 patients with unilateral cleft alveolar ridges were evaluated pre- and 4 months postoperatively. 10 patients were repaired with rhBMP-2 while two others were grafted with anterior iliac crest particulate marrow cancellous bone (PMCB). Computed tomographic studies were used to evaluate preoperative alveolar cleft volumes, postoperative bone bridge volumes, and pre/post operative volume ratios.

A pre/post operative volume ratio for patients repaired with rhBMP-2 ranged from 24.1% to 90.6% with a mean of …

Effects Of Diabetes Mellitus On The Healing Of The Dental Pulp, Stuart Evan Garber

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been implicated as a factor affecting healing. The purpose of this study was to use the healing of experimentally exposed pulps subsequent to pulp capping as a model to determine the effect of DM on healing.

Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of eleven animals each. In one group, DM was induced by injection of 70 mg/KG of streptozotocin. In the other group, the animals were injected with sterile saline. Under anesthesia with Ketamine and Xylazine, the pulps of the maxillary first molars of all rats were exposed using a 1/16 round bur under …

A Comparison Of Cadiax Axiography & Newtom 3g Tomography Condylar Measurements, David Phillip Brock

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the curves for the mandibular movement obtained from computerized axiography (Cadiax) and NewTom 3G cone beam volumetric tomography.

Fifteen subjects (n=15) from the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry obtained a Cadiax mandibular jaw tracing and a NewTom 3G scan of their condyles and surrounding structures while in centric relation (CR). In addition, three condylar measurements obtained from the Cadiax and the NewTom 3G were compared: sagittal eminential angle (SEA), progressive mandibular lateral translation (PMLT), and early mandibular lateral translation (EMLT).

No differences were noted between the Cadiax and the NewTom 3G mandibular tracings when the gender …

Comparing The Use Of A Manual And A Power Toothbrush By 3-To-4 Year-Old Children, Lorena Delgado Salcedo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

PURPOSE: To compare the ability of three-to four-year-old children in performing toothbrushing with manual versus battery-powered toothbrushes with and without oral hygiene instructions.

METHODS: This study was a randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, 4-period crossover design performed on 50 healthy children, ages 3 to 4 years old. Children were assigned either a manual or power toothbrush at visit one and alternated between the two types of toothbrushes each week, for four weeks. Plaque was scored before and after brushing using the Greene and Vermillion -Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. ^18,19 At their last two visits of the study, the children received brushing instructions …

Dependence Of Craniofacial Growth On Stages Of Cervical Vertebral Maturation And Stages Of Mandibular Canine Mineralization, Charles Allen Chance

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

When an individual presents for orthodontic treatment, orthodontic records are made that also include demographic information. The orthodontic treatment plan is determined not only from the diagnostic records but also from the relative amounts of growth the orthodontist perceives will take place during treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine if pretreatment biological age, as assessed from cervical vertebral (CV) maturity and/or mandibular canine mineralization, are statistically tied to the amount of growth occurring during treatment, and if so, then if biological age has any predictive merit in anticipating the amounts of growth occurring during treatment. The sample …

Changes In Integumental Dimensions Of The Face Following Orthodontic Treatment: A Long-Term Study, Jack Hou

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Most studies of facial growth in adults have relied on cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies in this area are scarce because it is difficult to collect data on adults across time and because the changes are less dramatic than during childhood or adolescence. An interesting sample exists in the Charles H. Tweed collection, where orthodontic patients were recalled 10 or more years after treatment with an average time out of treatment of about 15 years. The availability of frontal facial photographs from this collection provided us with an uncommon opportunity to longitudinally quantify the changes in facial dimensions from adolescence into …

Influence Of Keratinized Mucosa, Bone Dimensions On Mucosal Recession And Bone Loss, Jeanette Keng Ling Chua

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: To accomplish successful esthetic outcome, it would be an advantage if some pre-implant placement conditions could be identified which would predict soft and hard tissue outcomes post-implant placement. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of 1) height of mid-buccal keratinized mucosa at implant surgery and 2) thickness of mid-buccal bone after osteotomy on the amounts of mid-buccal mucosal recession and bone loss during the first year after implant treatment. This report presents the initial 3-month follow-up.

Materials and methods: Nine patients scheduled for surgical placement of a total of 11 single-staged implants, without adjacent teeth and planned …

Training Program To Improve Estimation Of Patients' Periodontal Pain Experience, Yoon Jeong Kim

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if periodontal residents could enhance their ability to appraise the pain levels experienced by their patients from probing, using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to record pain. We hypothesized that with increasing experience by repeated comparisons of the patients' VAS pain ratings with independent ratings by the residents, they would improve their ability to appraise their patients' pain experiences.

Methods: For each of three periodontal residents, 40 consecutive periodontitis patients were asked to express the degree of pain they experienced during the probing. Independently, the residents rated the pain level they perceived …

Dental Maturation In Children Treated For Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Michael Grey Weathersby

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a life-threatening disease primarily affecting children. Treatment currently consists of chemotherapy sometimes in combination with head irradiation. The literature documents the damage of treatment to the teeth (e.g., congenital absence, microdontia, abnormal crown- root ratios). The present study assessed the effects of treatment for ALL on the tempos of dental maturation (i.e., dental age) in a mixed longitudinal sample of 72 children treated for ALL at St Jude's Children's' Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. Panoramic radiographs had been taken as indicated to assess and maintain dental health in this retrospective study. Dental age was quantified both …

Effectiveness Of Chlorhexidine-Coating In Controlling Bacterial Quantity On Toothbrush Filaments, Lisa A. Turner

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant difference exists in the effectiveness· of chlorhexidine-coated nylon brush filaments as compared to uncoated nylon filaments in reducing the quantity of bacteria. Methods: An IRB-approved, two-group, double-blind, randomized, post-test only design was conducted. Sixty-four individuals were randomly assigned to two equal groups of 32. After using the control or experimental toothbrushes for 30-days, participants returned the toothbrushes to the researchers in sealed autoclave bags. In the laboratory, microorganisms were detached from the toothbrush filaments by sonification and vortexing, then plated on both selective and non-selective media at various dilutions …

Mineralized Bone Allograft In Maxillary Sinuses Histology And Histomorphometry, Sammy Stefan Noumbissi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) and deproteinized bovine bone xenografts (DMBBX) have been used for sinus augmentation for many years with varying results, but very little has been reported on the clinical efficacy or the histological analysis of mineralized solvent dehydrated bone allografts (MSDBA) as sinus graft materials. This study histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated an MSDBA material called PUROS to augment atrophic human maxillary sinuses.

Materials & Methods: Seven partially and completely edentulous patients requiring unilateral (n=4) or bilateral (n=3) sinus grafts prior to implant placement were selected for this study. Test grafts consisted of MSDBA, and control …

Treatment Effects Of Incisor Positioning On Anterior Tooth Display, Scott J. Eberle

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in maxillary incisor position on anterior tooth display (ATD) in adult (n = 21) and adolescent (n = 38) orthodontic patients. The effects of anterior-posterior, vertical, and angular changes of the maxillary central incisor position during orthodontic treatment were evaluated relative to changes in the amount of ATD measured from pretreatment (TI) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalometric radiographs of existing patient records.Results showed a significant relationship between starting ATD and ATD change during treatment for both adults (P = ,006) and adolescents (P

The Prevalence Of The Need For Esthetic Crown Lengthening In Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects, Bryan Marc Konikoff

Theses and Dissertations

Prevalence information on excessive gingival display in post-orthodontic patients is limited. By studying one aspect, namely the size relationship of the clinical crowns of teeth, in an orthodontic population, we can begin to quantify their need for periodontal plastic surgery. In this two part study, 200 plaster models were used as subjects, followed by a clinical exam of 31 of those subjects. These models represented patients before and directly after orthodontic therapy, and the Part 2 clinical exams were performed at least five years later. The lengths and widths of the six anterior teeth were measured and these values were …

The Anti-Plaque Efficacy Of Listerine® Used In Combination With Toothbrushing In Orthodontic Patients, Zachary A. Casagrande

Theses and Dissertations

The bactericidal efficacy of Listerine®, the essential oil-containing mouthrinse, has long been recognized. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Listerine® mouthrinse, when added to the standard oral hygiene regimen, had an added benefit in reducing plaque and gingivitis development in orthodontic patients over a six-month period. 50 orthodontic patients from the Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Orthodontics were assigned either to the brushing + flossing (N= 25) or brushing + flossing + Listerine® (N = 25) group. At baseline (TI), measurements for the Ramfjord teeth were recorded for the gingival index, plaque index and bleeding index. Subsequent …

Use Of A Synthetic Substrate For Orthodontic Bond Strength Testing, Elijah B. Saikaly

Theses and Dissertations

In vitro bond strength studies are of great importance and interest since they allow the prediction of clinical success of orthodontic adhesives. There are many studies that have investigated bond strength values of bonding systems. However, due to the variation in the materials and methods employed, it is very difficult and often impossible to make comparisons among data. The use of a substrate as an alternate to enamel for mechanical tests would minimize these variables and reduce the challenges faced with in vitro bond strength tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of Macor as a …

Serum Anti-Phosphorylcholine And Anti-Cardiolipin Concentrations Following Periodontal Scaling And Root Planing, Reve W. Chaston

Theses and Dissertations

Atherosclerosis is an insidious disease with serious morbidity and mortality including ischemic heart disease, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This condition is progressive and can start early in life eventually leading to large plaques and arterial occlusion. Two key components of this process are the immune system and lipids; in particular, LDL which accumulates within the arterial walls and macrophages which recognize and engulf oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) to form foam cells. Knowing that certain antibodies directed against bacterial antigens such as phosphorylcholine (PC) and cardiolipin (CL) show opsonizing cross-reactivity with oxLDL it can be proposed that there is a link between immune …

The Effect Of Media Advertising On Consumer Perception Of Orthodontic Treatment Quality, Daenya T. Edwards

Theses and Dissertations

A survey instrument was designed to evaluate factors influencing consumer selection of an orthodontist and consumer perception of different forms of media advertising (radio, television, newspaper, magazine, direct mail, and billboard) by orthodontic practices. The surveys were distributed by 8 orthodontic offices in and around the Richmond, Virginia area. Out of 676 surveys, 655 (97%) were returned. Respondents most often cited dentist and patient referrals as how they learned of the orthodontic practices they visited (50%- 57%). However, a caring attitude and good practitioner reputation were cited as the top reasons influencing selection of an orthodontist (53% and 49% respectively). …

Micro-Computed Tomographic Analysis Of Bone Healing Subsequent To Graft Placement, Preeti M. Chopra

All ETDs from UAB

A MicroCT analysis of bone healing subsequent to graft (tri calcium phosphate/TCP) placement in the maxillary sinus prior to dental endosteal implant placement was the objective of the current study. Ten trephined rod shaped human bone cores were obtained three months after the placement of particulate graft material and the samples were stored immediately in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Using a Microcomputed tomography, the samples were evaluated at resolutions of 6 and 20μm. The thresholds for bone and graft material were determined using visual image, intensity (grey level) and histogram analyses. The graft and bone threshold was 235 greylevel and …