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- Audiology (5)
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- Acceptable noise level (3)
- Frequency-following response (3)
- Mice (3)
- Reaction time (3)
- Speech-in-noise (3)
- Acoustic startle reflex (2)
- Acoustic startle response (2)
- Aging (2)
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- Background noise (2)
- Binaural (2)
- Cortical activation (2)
- Dysphagia (2)
- EphA4 (2)
- FNIRS (2)
- Listening effort (2)
- Listening fatigue (2)
- Localization (2)
- Middle ear (2)
- Noise reduction (2)
- Pitch (2)
- Pre-pulse inhibition (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 59
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Subjective Differences Between Premium And Mid-Level Digital Hearing Aids, Dakota Sharp
Subjective Differences Between Premium And Mid-Level Digital Hearing Aids, Dakota Sharp
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This study compared perceptual differences between premium and mid-level hearing aids from a major manufacturer in normal hearing listeners. Limited literature currently exists comparing perceptual differences between premium and mid-level digital hearing aids. This information is highly important in decision-making for clinicians and patients alike. Barry et al. (2018) evaluated four major hearing aid models’ noise reduction properties and determined that one manufacturer’s premium and mid-level devices demonstrated significant differences in noise reduction gain in frequencies associated with human speech. We programmed this device for a mild sloping to moderately-severe SNHL using the manufacturer’s proprietary fitting formula and noise reduction …
Music And Speech Perception In Children Using Sung Speech: Effects Of Neurocognitive Factors, Victoria A. André
Music And Speech Perception In Children Using Sung Speech: Effects Of Neurocognitive Factors, Victoria A. André
Dissertations, 2014-2019
The current study aimed to explore normal-hearing children's ability to utilize pitch and timbre cues and how these findings correlate with neurocognitive factors. Participants were recruited if they had English as their first language and no formal musical training or 3+ years of formal musical training. Twenty normal-hearing children, age 7.5-14.5 years (mean = 10.5; n=20) were recruited for the study. Nonverbal intelligence, receptive vocabulary, and auditory working memory were assessed using subtests of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4, and Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing-2, respectively. Raw scores were used to analyze these neurocognitive abilities in …
The Test-Retest Reliability Of Binaural-Processing Tasks At Home Versus A Clinical Environment, Logan Grace Faust
The Test-Retest Reliability Of Binaural-Processing Tasks At Home Versus A Clinical Environment, Logan Grace Faust
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Objective: Investigate the reliability of a custom-designed, portable, stereo-hearing testing system (as in the Ganev, 2017, Au.D. dissertation) when subjects self-administer two different stereo-hearing tasks at home. Results obtained under known and supervised conditions at a university clinic or lab versus unknown conditions at the participants’ homes were compared. Intra-subject comparison, and inter-subject trends, discerned the reliability of patient setup and self-administration of the two tasks.
Design: Ten subjects were evenly split among two conditions: five subjects each setup and self-administered the tasks first at home and then received direction in the clinic, and five received direction and did the …
Audiologists’ Preferences In Programming Cochlear Implants, Leanne Browning
Audiologists’ Preferences In Programming Cochlear Implants, Leanne Browning
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Cochlear implants have become a viable option for those with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who gain little benefit from hearing aids and have poor word recognition ability. However, the techniques audiologists use to program these devices are not standardized (Sorkin, 2013). There is little data available which analyzes how audiologists handle clinical cochlear implant programming between the top manufacturers. These companies supply default settings in their products but is it unknown how often audiologists use these in practice in the United States.
In the present study, a questionnaire based on previous European data from Vaerenberg et al. (2014) …
Voice Quality As A Predictor Of Dysphagia, Lindsay Griffin
Voice Quality As A Predictor Of Dysphagia, Lindsay Griffin
Dissertations, 2014-2019
The clinical swallowing evaluation (CSE) is a non-instrumental exam that informs speech-language pathologists about a patient’s cognition, readiness for instrumental evaluation, and swallowing symptoms. Because of the common neuroanatomy and physiology of the larynx during voicing and swallowing tasks, coughing or throat clearing after food and drink may indicate swallowing impairment. Also because of the shared mechanisms of the larynx, some clinicians also attribute voice changes after swallowing to dysphagia although many studies to date demonstrate conflicting results on the effectiveness of post-prandial voice assessment. The aim of this study was to assess if dysphonia and/or voice change after swallowing …
Auditory And Somatosensory Pre-Pulse Inhibition In Mice, Anna Louthan
Auditory And Somatosensory Pre-Pulse Inhibition In Mice, Anna Louthan
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Both hearing and somatosensation are sensory responses to vibrations, and here we show a way to investigate such mechanoreceptive psychophysics alone and in combination. Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) is a well-known, unconditioned, and reflexive technique for measuring sensory thresholds with a wide variety of stimuli and laboratory animals. In this paper, we explore interactions between auditory and somatosensory PPI in normal mice. Fifteen C57/BL6J mice were tested three times each. Ages varied between one and six months. Testing followed published procedures from our lab and others, except the pre-pulses were auditory, somatosensory (vibration of the test chamber), or both. The auditory …
Envelope-Following Responses And The Effects Of Cochlear Delay, Nicole Jones
Envelope-Following Responses And The Effects Of Cochlear Delay, Nicole Jones
Dissertations, 2014-2019
There is great interest in developing clinical applications for phase-locked auditory potentials that are elicited by human speech. A common analysis of vowel-elicited responses is to analyze the envelope-following response (EFR) amplitude at the fundamental frequency (F0) of the eliciting vowel. For this study, we systematically examined the effect of modeled vowel formants on EFR amplitude. EFRs were elicited using a fundamental frequency of 103 Hz, representative of a male speaker’s fundamental frequency. Stimuli consisted of two simultaneously presented sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones with the same F0. One carrier frequency was fixed at 353 Hz, representing a first formant frequency; the …
Variations In Breastfeeding Practices In The Nicu: A Mixed Methods Investigation, Elizabeth Emaleo Nottingham
Variations In Breastfeeding Practices In The Nicu: A Mixed Methods Investigation, Elizabeth Emaleo Nottingham
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Abstract
Human milk is crucial for the healthy development of infants, particularly preterm infants. Practice patterns and resource allocations to support and promote optimal breastfeeding in this population of infants varies by facility. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore differences in practice patterns, describe nurses’ knowledge and perceptions about breastfeeding in the NICU, and identify factors contributing to the differences between hospitals.
Researchers used a sequential explanatory design to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. In the first quantitative phase, a Web-based questionnaire was developed and deployed via Qualtrics to all hospitals with a Neonatal-Perinatal Fellowship …
Melodic Contour Identification And Speech Recognition By School-Aged Children, Michael P. Morikawa
Melodic Contour Identification And Speech Recognition By School-Aged Children, Michael P. Morikawa
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Using the Sung Speech Corpus (SSC), which encompasses a single database that contains musical pitch, timbre variations and speech information in identification tasks, the current study aimed to explore the development of normal-hearing children’s ability to use the pitch and timbre cues. Thirteen normal hearing children were recruited for the study ages ranging from 7 to 16 years old. Participants were separated into two separate groups: Younger (7-9) and Older (10-16). Musical Experience was taken into account as well. The Angel Sound ™ program was utilized for testing which was adopted from previous studies, most recently Crew, Galvin, and Fu …
Distractions In Hearing: Measuring Impulsivity In Service Members With A Mtbi, Kathleen Margaret Chopra
Distractions In Hearing: Measuring Impulsivity In Service Members With A Mtbi, Kathleen Margaret Chopra
Dissertations, 2014-2019
One of the cognitive symptoms associated with the diagnosis of a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the degradation of focus and attention. This pilot study was designed to quantify examples of such capabilities in Service Members diagnosed with mTBI and to compare their abilities to peers without an mTBI diagnosis. Specifically, we compared participant groups on their false alarm rates and thresholds for contralateral and informational masking tasks to document the participants’ ability to focus and detect an auditory stimulus in the presence of distracting maskers. In this study, comparing the overall performance of Service Members, with and without …
Objective Differences Between Premium And Mid-Level Digital Hearing Aids, Chelsea C. Barry
Objective Differences Between Premium And Mid-Level Digital Hearing Aids, Chelsea C. Barry
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This ongoing study compared premium and mid-level hearing aids from major manufacturers on noise reduction and general electroacoustic characteristics. The findings of this study will contribute to the scarce independent literature evaluating currently available hearing aid technology. Measuring the overall gain reduction in response to a steady state noise can objectively test noise reduction. However, such a method does not specifically test a hearing aid’s ability to reduce speech in specific narrow frequency bands. Hanline & Rout (2008) developed a set of stimuli to evaluate multichannel noise reduction algorithms more precisely. We used these stimuli to test noise reduction abilities …
Development Of A Questionnaire To Assess Attitudes Toward Hearing Aids, Corinne O'Shaughnessy
Development Of A Questionnaire To Assess Attitudes Toward Hearing Aids, Corinne O'Shaughnessy
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Many reasons have been postulated as to why persons with hearing loss are reluctant to engage in the hearing rehabilitation process. While not the only determinant, an individual's attitudes toward hearing loss and hearing aids have been shown to affect adoption of amplification adversely and eventual outcomes of hearing aid use. Several attempts have been made to develop test instruments for attitudes toward hearing loss, but nothing specific to attitudes toward hearing aids or hearing aid technology. The primary objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess attitudes toward hearing aids using the ABC model of attitude …
The Build-Up Of Auditory Stream Segregation In Adult Cochlear Implant Users: Effect Of Differences In Frequency And Amplitude-Modulation Rate, Alexandria Matz
The Build-Up Of Auditory Stream Segregation In Adult Cochlear Implant Users: Effect Of Differences In Frequency And Amplitude-Modulation Rate, Alexandria Matz
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This project will use an objective approach to evaluate the effect of inter-subsequence frequency difference and amplitude-modulation rate on build-up stream segregation in CI users. Six post-lingually deafened CI users, between 18 and 75 years old, have been studied and compared to four normal-hearing listeners, between 18 and 75 years old. Repeated pairs of A and B noise bursts were adopted from a previous work (Nie et al., 2014) with modifications and additional conditions, where A and B bursts are narrow-band noise carrying sinusoidal amplitude modulation (AM). The A and B bursts in a stimulus sequence differed either in the …
The Effects Of Age On The Perception Of Frequency In Noise, Mary E. Scherer
The Effects Of Age On The Perception Of Frequency In Noise, Mary E. Scherer
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise is one of the most common complaints of older adults, both with and without hearing loss. One possible contributing factor is an age-related decline in neural synchrony (e.g., phase locking). Tones-in-noise were used in an attempt to disrupt rate-place coding of frequency and to encourage participants to use phase-locked, temporal representations of frequency during a behavioral frequency discrimination task. Fourteen adults participated in the study (five younger, aged 21-29; four middle aged, 41-50; and five older, aged 61-80). Participants had clinically normal hearing sensitivity (≤ 25 dB HL at octave frequencies …
The Neural Representation Of Frequency In Quiet And Noise Across The Adult Life Span, Alexandra Bove
The Neural Representation Of Frequency In Quiet And Noise Across The Adult Life Span, Alexandra Bove
Dissertations, 2014-2019
The purpose of the present study was to examine why older adults have trouble with speech-in-noise understanding. Difficulty with speech-in-noise comprehension has been associated with age-related degradation in frequency processing. Our study sought to investigate this relationship by examining the neural representation of frequency in quiet and in noise across the adult-life span. In order to do this, one behavioral correlate of frequency processing, frequency difference limens (FDLs), and one electrophysiological correlate, the frequency following response (FFR), was utilized. In the present study, we specifically focus on the electrophysiological measures of frequency processing across the adult life span. It was …
Efficacy Of Digital Otoscopy In Telemedicine, Alexandra B. Short
Efficacy Of Digital Otoscopy In Telemedicine, Alexandra B. Short
Dissertations, 2014-2019
With an average of 1 audiologist to every 20,000 people in developed countries and as many as 6.25 million people in developing countries, the need for audiology services in rural or underserved populations is evident (Swanepoel, et al., 2010). Telemedicine offers an affordable solution. Previous studies assessed digital otoscopy images for postsurgical follow-up (Kokesh, et al., 2008) as well as remote video otoscopy by telehealth technicians (Biagio, et al., 2013). These studies used traditional laptop based video otoscopes. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether more portable and less expensive systems, such as the CellScope and OTO …
Effect Of Age On Abrs In Mice With Epha4 Mutations, Melissa M. Teller
Effect Of Age On Abrs In Mice With Epha4 Mutations, Melissa M. Teller
Dissertations, 2014-2019
It is known that EphA4 can influence the establishment of tonotopic pathways in the auditory system. This can be measured by an increase in thresholds on the auditory brainstem response test (ABR) in mice. It is also known that the aging population in humans tends to have poorer thresholds in the high frequency sounds as they age, termed presbycusis or age-related hearing loss. The C57BL/6J background strain of mice that is known to experience a presbycusis-like process, although it is not specified when this process begins and how it progresses through their life span. The goal of this study was …
The Effect Of Workplace Noise Exposure On Reaction Time, Hollis T. Leidy
The Effect Of Workplace Noise Exposure On Reaction Time, Hollis T. Leidy
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This study examined the effect of listening fatigue on the reaction time of normal hearing listeners, who work in noisy places, at different signal to noise ratios (quiet, +5 and +10 dB). Reaction time was measured using a single task paradigm on twelve male listeners (ages 23-58 years) before and after an eight hour shift at a noisy power plant. The participants in the study also completed a subjective rating questionnaire at two intervals, before and after the fatigue-inducing condition. Results of the study indicated that the reaction time was significantly longer for the most difficult listening condition, indicating the …
Development And Deployment Of A Small Stereo-Hearing Testing System: Two Manuscripts, Sofia A. Ganev
Development And Deployment Of A Small Stereo-Hearing Testing System: Two Manuscripts, Sofia A. Ganev
Dissertations, 2014-2019
MANUSCRIPT #1 TITLE
Development of a Deployable Stereo-Hearing System
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of a portable stereo-hearing testing system with the intent of deployment for data collection in future studies. We quantify sound localization accuracy and speech-in-noise thresholds comparing unilateral (such as single-sided deafness) and bilateral subjects. We desired to design a small, inexpensive system that would show a large effect size between binaural and monaural subjects in a variety of stereo hearing tasks.
Methods: Subjects were tested on localization accuracy and speech understanding in noise using a laboratory-made stereo-hearing testing device. For the …
The Effects Of Lung Volume On Swallowing In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Teresa C. Drulia
The Effects Of Lung Volume On Swallowing In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Teresa C. Drulia
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a respiratory disease that leads to reduced airflow, may result in difficulty swallowing with disease progression. The coordination between the respiratory and swallowing systems decouple and they may experience increased risk of aspiration. This study aimed to determine the effects of lung volume on swallowing in individuals with COPD compared with older healthy. Specifically, the study examined if altering lung volume at the time of the swallow changed swallowing timing, specifically pharyngeal swallow duration, and impacted the respiratory-swallow pattern in individuals with COPD. Measurement of estimated lung volume (ELV), pharyngeal swallow duration, and respiratory-swallow patterning …
Effect Of Epha4 Signaling Mutations On Auditory Function, Michelle R. Gerringer
Effect Of Epha4 Signaling Mutations On Auditory Function, Michelle R. Gerringer
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Neural pathways underlie the ability of the auditory system to perceive sound. Organization of neural pathways into functional auditory circuitry is accomplished in part by Eph and ephrin signaling proteins. One of these signaling proteins, the EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase protein, acts as an axon-guidance molecule to aid in target selection and to maintain tonotopicity in the auditory brainstem and midbrain. Genetic mutations of the EphA4 protein have been shown to affect structural auditory development, but there is limited research which shows the functional effects of these mutations. The goal of the present study was to determine the functional effects …
Prepulse Inhibition Of The Acoustic Startle Reflex To Obtain A Psychometric Function In Mice, Robyn Browne
Prepulse Inhibition Of The Acoustic Startle Reflex To Obtain A Psychometric Function In Mice, Robyn Browne
Dissertations, 2014-2019
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is an automated motor response to an unexpected and intense auditory stimulus (Ouagazzal, Reiss, & Romand, 2006). When an audible ‘prepulse’ stimulus is presented before the intense, startle-evoking stimulus (SES); the startle reflex response is reduced and this is known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). The degree of ASR inhibition serves as a measure of the behavioral salience of the prepulse (Carlson & Willott, 1996). This study aimed to obtain a psychometric function from the amount of PPI of the ASR that resulted from varying intensity levels of a prepulse stimulus (PPS).
Twelve mice were used …
The Effect Of Auditory Fatigue On Reaction Time In Normal Hearing Listeners At Different Signal To Noise Ratios, Haley Athey
The Effect Of Auditory Fatigue On Reaction Time In Normal Hearing Listeners At Different Signal To Noise Ratios, Haley Athey
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This study examined the effect of listening fatigue on the reaction time of young, normal hearing listeners at +5 and +10 dB signal to noise ratio. Reaction time was measured in a single task paradigm on twenty listeners (ages 19-30 years) before and after a fatigue-inducing listening task. The participants also completed a subjective rating questionnaire at the two intervals. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the reaction times before and after listening fatigue. However, for a subgroup of stimuli (nonsense syllables ending with consonants) the reaction time was 52 msec longer after listening fatigue. The participants …
Release From Masking: Behavioral And Physiological Masking Level Differences, Sarah L. Hodgson
Release From Masking: Behavioral And Physiological Masking Level Differences, Sarah L. Hodgson
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Binaural hearing offers several advantages over monaural hearing and is believed to be one factor that is involved in the ability to understand speech in background noise. Binaural hearing involves analysis of interaural timing and intensity differences in signals arriving at the two ears which provides listeners with sound localization cues as well as signal in noise detection. When sounds arrive at each ear at slightly different times, there may be a release from the effects of background noise, allowing listeners to detect softer sounds in noise. Masking Level Differences (MLDs) have been widely used to evaluate behavioral binaural processing. …
Wideband Acoustic Immittance And Dpoae Changes In Older Adults, Mandy M. Williams
Wideband Acoustic Immittance And Dpoae Changes In Older Adults, Mandy M. Williams
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This study examined the effect of middle ear aging in adults using wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) measures. WAI and traditional 226 Hz tympanometry were measured in 25 young adult ears (ages 18-25) and 26 older adult ears (ages 50-71) with normal middle ear status. While minimal differences between older and younger adults were observed with 226 Hz tympanometry, significant age effects were seen with WAI measures. The older adults demonstrated a statistically significant increase in middle ear absorbance at lower frequencies (226-1,260 Hz) and decreased absorbance at higher frequencies (4,000-5,040 Hz) compared to the younger adult group. While the effect …
Variability In Clinically Measured Wideband Acoustic Immittance Over Time In Young And Old Adults, Allison G. Mcgrath
Variability In Clinically Measured Wideband Acoustic Immittance Over Time In Young And Old Adults, Allison G. Mcgrath
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) measures of the middle ear have the potential to increase our ability to detect changes in the middle ear transfer function not seen using traditional tympanometry. In order to use this new tool diagnostically we must first understand its normal clinical variability. The present study aimed to investigate the variability that occurs when wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) is measured clinically within subjects as a function of subject age, as a function of time, and as a function of pressure. A total of thirty-six ears from eighteen subjects were studied (n=18 young adults ears, n=18 older adult …
Effects Of Training And Lung Volume Levels On Voice Onset Control And Cortical Activation In Singers, Nicholas A. Barone
Effects Of Training And Lung Volume Levels On Voice Onset Control And Cortical Activation In Singers, Nicholas A. Barone
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Singers need to counteract respiratory elastic recoil at high and low lung volume levels (LVLs) to maintain consistent airflow and pressure while singing. Professionally trained singers modify their vocal and respiratory systems creating a physiologically stable and perceptually pleasing voice quality at varying LVLs. In manuscript 1, we compared non-singers and singers on the initiation of a voiceless plosive followed by a vowel at low (30% vital capacity, VC), intermediate (50%VC), and high (80%VC) LVLs. In manuscript 2, we examined how vocal students (singers in manuscript 1) learn to control their voice onset at varying LVLs before and after a …
The Effect Of Taste On Swallowing Function, Rachel Mulheren
The Effect Of Taste On Swallowing Function, Rachel Mulheren
Dissertations, 2014-2019
This study investigated the effects of taste on swallowing frequency and cortical activation in the swallowing network. The effects of salivary flow and taster status were also examined, along with genetic taster status. The effects of a 3ml bolus compared sour, sour with slow infusion, sweet, water, and water with infusion. Swallowing frequency was significantly higher 0-15 seconds after bolus delivery than 16-30 seconds. Swallowing frequency was higher in the sour conditions, whereas sweet and water did not differ. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings measured changes in blood oxygenation (HbO) in the right and left hemispheres in the premotor, S1 and …
Examining Monaural And Binaural Measures Of Phase-Locking As A Function Of Age, Larissa M. Heckler
Examining Monaural And Binaural Measures Of Phase-Locking As A Function Of Age, Larissa M. Heckler
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Understanding speech in the presence of background noise is a common complaint of middle-aged and older listeners with clinically normal audiograms. There is great interest in understanding how age-related changes in auditory physiology make it harder for older adults to understand speech in difficult listening situations, compared to young listeners. It was recently reported that middle-aged and older normal-hearing listeners showed frequency-dependent, age-related declines in the behavioral and physiological detection of interaural phase differences (Grose & Mamo, 2010; Ross et al, 2007). There is also evidence of an age-related, frequency-dependent decline in the frequency-following response (FFR) (Clinard et al., 2010), …
Binaural Listening In Young And Middle-Aged Adults: Interaural Phase Differences And Speech-In-Noise Measures, Caitlin Cotter
Binaural Listening In Young And Middle-Aged Adults: Interaural Phase Differences And Speech-In-Noise Measures, Caitlin Cotter
Dissertations, 2014-2019
Difficulty understanding speech in the presence of noise is a common complaint of middle-aged and older adults with and without hearing loss. There is an incomplete picture of what contributes to difficulties understanding speech-in-noise in adults who have normal audiograms. As humans we listen binaurally, so declines in binaural processing may contribute to speech-in-noise difficulties. We examined the effects of age on the upper frequency limit of interaural phase difference (IPD) detection and IPD detection at fixed frequencies. We also examined a speech-in-noise measure of spatial separation across young and middle-aged, normal-hearing individuals.
Participants were young (n=12) and middle-aged (n=8) …