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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Do Culture And Biological Sex Influence People Who Engage In Non-Suicidal Self-Injury?, Rachel Berger
Do Culture And Biological Sex Influence People Who Engage In Non-Suicidal Self-Injury?, Rachel Berger
Graduate Theses
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) refers to behaviors in which a person intentionally harms and causes tissue damage to oneself, without the desire to end his or her life. There have been contradictory findings with regard to differences in NSSI by biological sex and culture. In this study, I sought to examine if adults with independent cultural self- construals would report more occurrences of NSSI in comparison to those with interdependent cultural self-construals. Furthermore, I was interested in whether females would report more instances of NSSI in comparison to males in independent based cultures, and I examined whether the methods and reasons …
The Effect Of Gender Role And Males' Attitudes Toward Receiving Mental Health Therapy, Christina H. Thomas
The Effect Of Gender Role And Males' Attitudes Toward Receiving Mental Health Therapy, Christina H. Thomas
Graduate Theses
The purpose of this research study was to build upon previous research pertaining to gender role and young adult male attitudes towards receiving mental health therapy. An additional purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between media exposure and attitude toward mental health therapy. The first hypothesis was that there would be a positive correlation between gender role scores and attitudes with the BEM Sex- Role Inventory (BSRI) and with scores on attitudes with the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) in young adult males. The second hypothesis was that young adult males who watched a …
The Overtraining Syndrome In Endurance Athletes; A Guide For Coaches And Athletic Trainers For Prevention And Treatment, Shannon M. Hughes
The Overtraining Syndrome In Endurance Athletes; A Guide For Coaches And Athletic Trainers For Prevention And Treatment, Shannon M. Hughes
Graduate Theses
Training may be the most vital aspect of competition for serious athletes. The goal of training is to improve athletic performance by improving physiological performance, but there are instances when training can push an athlete physiologically beyond the threshold of tolerance. Most coaches and athletic trainers are aware that overtraining leads to physical injury when little recovery time is allowed, but what is still unclear is how overtraining affects the emotional and psychological stability of the athlete. The purpose of this guide is to educate coaches, athletic trainers, and even athletes, on the methods to potentially avoid overtraining, to recognize …
Examining The Relationships Between Parental Efficacy, Parenting Styles And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism, James R. Carrillo
Examining The Relationships Between Parental Efficacy, Parenting Styles And Repetitive Behaviors In Children With Autism, James R. Carrillo
Graduate Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between parental efficacy, parenting styles and stereotypical behaviors exhibited by children with autism. Fourteen mothers and their children with autism (ages 14-21) were recruited from local schools and the rehabilitation center. Surveys used in this study included the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), Parents Sense of Competence (PSOC) and the Parents Locus of Control (PLOC) scale. Also incorporated was the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Even though there was no correlation between the PLOC and stereotypical behaviors of the RBS-R, results revealed a significant relationship between the PSOC and the RBS-R. …
The Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse And Posttraumatic Stress On Levels Of Self-Efficacy, Lary L. Anderson
The Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse And Posttraumatic Stress On Levels Of Self-Efficacy, Lary L. Anderson
Graduate Theses
Sexually abused children often develop posttraumatic stress disorder, a distressing and potentially debilitating condition that renders children to feelings of helplessness. Past studies have explored these effects in adults concerning sexual abuse, health issues, war, and natural disaster but not much research has been done for children. This study examined childhood sexual abuse, PTSD, and the relation that exists with self-efficacy. Thirty-nine children, 7 males and 32 females, participated in the study. The ages ranged from age eight through age eighteen, with a mean age of 12.5. Each participant was tested for levels of PTSD, using the Trauma Check list …
Language Delays And The Influence Of Therapeutic Riding: A Case Study Of An Autistic Child, Nadia Suckarieh
Language Delays And The Influence Of Therapeutic Riding: A Case Study Of An Autistic Child, Nadia Suckarieh
Graduate Theses
Autism is a Pervasive Development Disorder characterized by stereotype behavior and trouble with communication. One focus of working with this population is increasing the verbal and communication ability of the nonverbal individuals. The present study focused on the effects a six-week therapeutic horseback riding program would have on the stereotypical behaviors present in a six-year-old autistic child, and if this program would help the his verbalization and communication ability. The Psychoeducation Profile, 3rd Edition was used to measure possible changes the intervention might have influenced. The result of the study indicated there was a decrease in the child’s physical stereotype …
The Aggression Questionnaire As An Indicator Of Anger Expression By Abused Women In Therapy, Audrey Steakley
The Aggression Questionnaire As An Indicator Of Anger Expression By Abused Women In Therapy, Audrey Steakley
Graduate Theses
The present study examined whether adult women in therapy who have been physically abused express anger differently than their counterparts who have been sexually abused, and whether they are aware that they express anger in noticeable ways. The first hypothesis stated that physically abused women express anger directly and physically, whereas sexually abused women express anger indirectly, avoiding direct confrontation. The second hypothesis proposed that they are not aware how much they express their anger outwardly. Participants were female clients at a local counseling agency, with issues stemming from physical and/or sexual abuse. They voluntarily completed the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) …
The Relationship Between Childbirth Experience And Psychological Functioning In The Postpartum Period, Dena Dian Daniel
The Relationship Between Childbirth Experience And Psychological Functioning In The Postpartum Period, Dena Dian Daniel
Graduate Theses
The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships between the mother's perception of the birth experience, symptoms of the post-traumatic stress, and symptoms of postpartum depression. Sixty-seven participants ranging from 17 to 40 years of age completed a self-report questionnaire containing items from three instruments including the Perception of Birth Scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Davidson Trauma Scale. The findings reveal a more negative perception of the birth experience is significantly related to a greater frequency and/or. severity of. post- traumatic stress and postpartum depression symptoms following childbirth., These findings support the conclusion that an …
Public Displays Of Affection With Relation To Comfort Levels And Culture, Janice R. T. Bryden
Public Displays Of Affection With Relation To Comfort Levels And Culture, Janice R. T. Bryden
Graduate Theses
To determine the tolerance levels of public displays of affection between males, females, Hispanics, and White Non-Hispanics (Whites), a total of 152 participants completed the Attitudes Toward Public Displays of Affection Inventory. While the hypothesis that males would be significantly more tolerant than females of observing public displays of affection was statistically supported for certain settings and certain levels of affection, overall, results may not be clinically meaningful. The second hypothesis, that there would be a significant difference between Hispanics and Whites and their tolerance levels for watching public displays of affection, was not supported. Overall trends indicate passionately kissing …
Affective Development Of Battered Women Subsequent To Leaving Abusive Partner, Cheryl Harrah
Affective Development Of Battered Women Subsequent To Leaving Abusive Partner, Cheryl Harrah
Graduate Theses
The present study consisted of semi-structured interviews of formerly battered women who have been out of the relationship for at least one year. The interviews focused on the women’s narratives concerning their experience leaving the relationship and were coded for affect using an Emotional Adjective Checklist. A total of 10 women were recruited from the campus of The University of Texas of the Permian Basin. While each story was unique, a pattern did emerge whereby the women expressed feelings of fear and relief, followed by depression, numbness, and resolve to survive. Long term emotional consequences of the abuse that persisted …
Age And Violent Sexual Abuse: Does Victim's Age And Violence Associated With Sexual Abuse Influence The Risk Of Suicide?, Debra A. Keel
Age And Violent Sexual Abuse: Does Victim's Age And Violence Associated With Sexual Abuse Influence The Risk Of Suicide?, Debra A. Keel
Graduate Theses
Previous research on childhood sexual abuse has indicated an increased risk of suicide for children who experience more severe sexual abuse and children who experience sexual abuse accompanied by physical abuse. This study investigated the difference in suicide risk associated with varying severity of sexual abuse, and the difference in suicide risk associated with age at the time of sexual abuse. Data was collected from the psychological records of a state juvenile correctional facility for boys. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between those who experienced penetrating sexual abuse versus non-penetrating sexual abuse; however, an overall significant difference was found …
Anger Management For Adults, Gary L. Heath
Anger Management For Adults, Gary L. Heath
Graduate Theses
Eight adults participated in a 2 part anger management course in a quasiexperimental within-subjects outcome study. Anger was described with the Anger Cycle®. Cognitive, relaxation and social skills training were used to teach alternative strategies for expressing anger. The Anger Information Test (AIT) and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) were administered at pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up (2 weeks later). Seven subscales of the STAXI were used; Trait Anger, Anger Temperament, Anger Reactivity, Anger In, Anger Out, Anger Control and Anger Expression. An overall significant within-subjects difference was found on .changes from both tests. Two of the 4 hypothesized …
The Relationship Between Childhood Aggression And Impulsiveness, Mary Gail Glover
The Relationship Between Childhood Aggression And Impulsiveness, Mary Gail Glover
Graduate Theses
Previous research on the relationship between children's levels of aggression and impulsivity have been inconclusive. Studies of each of these behaviors independently have shown that they are correlated with many of the same factors. However, no studies have been found in which aggression and impulsivity have correlated specifically with each other. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a relationship exists between aggression and impulsivity in children. The participants of this study consisted of 115 children who had been tested at a center for behavioral analysis to determine diagnoses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. They had been referred for …
Rape Survivors: The Effects Of Post-Traumatic Stress And Locus Of Control On The Hoping Process, David Lester Rhoads
Rape Survivors: The Effects Of Post-Traumatic Stress And Locus Of Control On The Hoping Process, David Lester Rhoads
Graduate Theses
The current study examined the relationship between hope. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and locus of control in a sample, of 18 rape survivors and 18 non-raped females over 18 years of age. Instruments utilized were Herth Hope Scale, Structured Interview for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Events, and Locus of Control Scales. It was hypothesized that rape survivors would exhibit a lower level of hope, higher levels of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and an external locus of control. Independent t-tests revealed that rape trauma impacts Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Independent t-tests were inconclusive among the hope, impact of events, …
The Impact Of Social Support On Long Term Adult Psychological Functioning: Study Of The Role Of A Confidant In Adult Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Danny Ray Russell
The Impact Of Social Support On Long Term Adult Psychological Functioning: Study Of The Role Of A Confidant In Adult Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Danny Ray Russell
Graduate Theses
This project examined the effects a confidant had on adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The subjects were volunteer adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse solicited from undergraduate and graduate psychology classes at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin. Volunteers completed a childhood sexual abuse questionnaire, a confidant questionnaire, the Jaloweic Coping Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory in a structured interview. The Jaloweic Coping Scale determined the coping styles and the Brief Symptom Inventory determined the symptom level. Those subjects that had a confidant were expected to have more successful coping styles and fewer symptoms as adults. …
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Sexually Abused Children And Implications For Therapy, Robbie Jones
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Sexually Abused Children And Implications For Therapy, Robbie Jones
Graduate Theses
This study examined the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in sexually abused children. Sixty-seven children volunteered to participate in this study. Of the 67 children, 33 (26 female and 7 male) were sexually abused and 34 (22 female and 12 male) were non-sexually abused. Several instruments were employed to assess the severity of the symptoms of PTSD including the Children's PTSD Inventory, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Children's Depression Inventory, as well as others. The results of this study showed that sexually abused children have more symptoms of PTSD than non-sexually abused children. Early diagnosis and treatment of …
The Effects Of Two Models Of Positive Feedback Of Children's Motivation, Judith Margaret Lynch
The Effects Of Two Models Of Positive Feedback Of Children's Motivation, Judith Margaret Lynch
Graduate Theses
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the type of written or verbal positive comment regarding a child's accomplishment influences subsequent interest in a task. A preliminary investigation of literature revealed that often rewards and praise negatively alter children's behavior. The writer tested the hypothesis derived from this investigation that non- evaluative descriptive comments, commonly called encouragement, positively affect children more than evaluative praise comments. 32 kindergarten and 36 third grade children received evaluative praise comments and 31 kindergarten and 42 third grade children received non- evaluative descriptive comments on drawings for three days. The fourth day, children …
Increasing The Self-Esteem Of Junior High Emotionally Disturbed Boys, La Rue Eaton Richey
Increasing The Self-Esteem Of Junior High Emotionally Disturbed Boys, La Rue Eaton Richey
Graduate Theses
Emotional disturbance can be viewed as an inability to manage one's behavior. This inability to maintain self-control in stressful situations represents a serious problem not only for the individual but for family and school personnel. In this study, Reasoner's (1984) Building Self-Esteem program was used with seventh and eighth grade emotionally disturbed boys in a West Texas community. Their self-esteem scores did increase as measured by Coopersmith (1984) Self-Esteem Inventory. *
Evidence For Classical Projection Or Experimental Artifact: A Failure To Replicate, Phillip Wayne Green
Evidence For Classical Projection Or Experimental Artifact: A Failure To Replicate, Phillip Wayne Green
Graduate Theses
Classical, or Freudian projection is a concept which has been widely accepted by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists despite the lack of conclusive empirical evidence supporting its existence. A recent study using the psychodynamic activation technique resulted in evidence which would support classical projection. The present study utilized the same psychodynamic activation procedure using slightly different stimuli. This study resulted in evidence which would not support the concept of classical projection.
The Efficacy Of Biofeedback In The Treatment Of Tension Headaches, Micahel Earl Waters
The Efficacy Of Biofeedback In The Treatment Of Tension Headaches, Micahel Earl Waters
Graduate Theses
Fifteen adults from the general population with chronic tension headaches were divided into four groups. Four were assigned to relaxation instructions, biofeedback (EMG and temperature), and home relaxation practice; four were assigned to relaxation instructions and biofeedback; four were assigned to biofeedback alone; and three were assigned to a no-treatment group. Subjects completed a ten-day baseline period followed by a three-week treatment period. Measures were taken of headache frequency, duration, intensity, frontalis EMG, and temperature recordings. Comparisons of pre- and post-treatment data indicated that not one treatment group was significantly different from any other treatment group, including the no-treatment group, …
The Correlation Of Physiological Responses To Verbal Behavior During Environmental Stimuli Exposure, Cynthia Lou Baker
The Correlation Of Physiological Responses To Verbal Behavior During Environmental Stimuli Exposure, Cynthia Lou Baker
Graduate Theses
The study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that various environmental stimuli would elicit specific individual responses, as reflected in autonomic patterns. It then became the aim of the study to see whether the stimuli which controlled the physiological pattern would also control the verbal response. Three female and two male students volunteered for the single-subject experiment, where they were exposed to a 15-slide sequence of environment stimuli. Results indicated that when allowed to verbally respond without rating restrictions, responses varied greatly, limiting the possibilities of comparison. In kind, the physiological responses exhibited great variability. Results also supported the position …
Modification Of Aggressive Behavior In An Adolescent Through The Use Of Imagery Therapy, Julie Jackson Underriner
Modification Of Aggressive Behavior In An Adolescent Through The Use Of Imagery Therapy, Julie Jackson Underriner
Graduate Theses
This case study explored the effects of using 12 sessions of Guided Affective Imagery (GAI) as advocated by Leuner to diminish aggressive behavior. The subject for the study was a thirteen-year-old female who resides in a group home facility. Overt behavior change was analyzed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and' the Direct Observation Form (DOF) in a pretreatment, posttreatment, and delayed posttreatment design. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the CBCL revealed no significant change in the subject’s aggressive behaviors. However, the DOF revealed a decrease in the subject’s problem behaviors on three other rating scales and an …
A Comparison Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement Of Fingernail Biting, Naomi Lee Chandler
A Comparison Of Positive And Negative Reinforcement Of Fingernail Biting, Naomi Lee Chandler
Graduate Theses
While nail-biting is not considered an important psychiatric symptom in the literature, it is an irritating and disfiguring behavior which calls for innovative intervention in its control. The subject in the present study was a 54-year-old female who spent an appreciable amount of time with facial make-up and hair grooming, but who often tried to hide her hands because of the disfigured appearance of her nails. In a ten-week study comparing the effects of positive and negative reinforcement, the subject was first rewarded for increasing her nail-biting behavior with tokens to be spent for "something to make her pretty". Then, …
The Effect Of Interpolated Continuous Reinforcement Following Fixed Ratio Reinforcement On Resistance To Extinction, Beverly B. Conway
The Effect Of Interpolated Continuous Reinforcement Following Fixed Ratio Reinforcement On Resistance To Extinction, Beverly B. Conway
Graduate Theses
The effect on response rates during extinction of interpolating varying numbers of continuous reinforcement sessions after seven fixed ratio-25 sessions was investigated. Rats received either seven, fourteen, or twenty-one sessions of continuous reinforcement. All rats then received seven sessions of extinction. There were three rats in each group. All sessions were thirty minutes long. The results showed rats receiving the CRF schedule for fourteen sessions make the most responses during extinction. Rats receiving the CRF schedule for fourteen sessions make the most responses during extinction. Rats receiving the CRF schedule for twenty-one sessions made fewer responses during extinction. Taken alone …
The Effects Of Three Fixed Ratio Schedules Of Reinforcement On Stimulus Generalization, Michelle L. Gordon
The Effects Of Three Fixed Ratio Schedules Of Reinforcement On Stimulus Generalization, Michelle L. Gordon
Graduate Theses
The effects of three different schedules of reinforcement on generalization in rats were investigated. The rats were trained to bar press in the presence of a 2000 hz tone and then participated in tone/no tone discrimination training. Upon completion of discrimination training, the rats were assigned randomly to one of three groups, a FR 10 group, a FR 25 group or a FR 50 group. After seven days on these schedules, generalization testing was started. Six days of generalization testing were done with a 31.5 minute tape of 7 tones in a random sequence. The tones for which the subjects' …
The Effects Of Three Schedules Of Reinforcement On Stimulus Generalization, John L. Sanders
The Effects Of Three Schedules Of Reinforcement On Stimulus Generalization, John L. Sanders
Graduate Theses
The effects of three schedules of reinforcement on stimulus generalization in rats were investigated. In the presence of a 2000 hz tone the subjects were trained to bar press on one of three schedules: CRF, VR 25, or VR 50. Three animals started in each condition. After tone/no-tone discrimination training they were tested for generalization. Generalization took.place over six,31.5 minute sessions. This tested the subjects* response rate to each of seven tones: 250 hz, 500 hz, 1000, hz, 2000 hz, 4000 hz, 8000 hz, and 16000 hz. During a 31.5 minute generalization test every tone was presented randomly nine times …
The Effect Of Interpolated Continuous Reinforcement Following Variable Ratio Reinforcement On Resistance To Extinction, Christine Miara
The Effect Of Interpolated Continuous Reinforcement Following Variable Ratio Reinforcement On Resistance To Extinction, Christine Miara
Graduate Theses
The effect on response rates during extinction of interpolating seven continuous reinforcement sessions after varying numbers of VR-25 sessions was investigated. Rats received either seven, fourteen, or twenty-one sessions of a VR-25 schedule followed by seven sessions of continuous reinforcement. There were three rats in each group. The rats then experienced seven sessions of extinction. All sessions were 30 minutes long." The results showed that rats that received the VR-25 schedule for 21 sessions made the roost responses over the seven extinction sessions. * Rats that received seven sessions of VR-25 made the least number of responses during extinction. The …
Relationship Between Attribution And Conditions Of Reward In Children, Rhonda Miles
Relationship Between Attribution And Conditions Of Reward In Children, Rhonda Miles
Graduate Theses
Thirty-eight third grade students were given the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility (lAR) Questionaire in order to determine their internal and external attribution scores. From those scores, 28 subjects were chosen to test the hypothesis by performing two separate but related tasks under the conditions of self-and external rewards. A correlation using the Pearson Product- Moment Correlation Coefficient was computed in order to determine the relation between the subject's attribution level and performance under different conditions of reward. The results showed a higher relationship between attribution and self-reward when self-reward followed external reward. A Chi square test was also computed to determine …
Biofeedback As An Alternative Treatment For Raynaud's Disease, Marianne Patricia Strawk
Biofeedback As An Alternative Treatment For Raynaud's Disease, Marianne Patricia Strawk
Graduate Theses
A case of Raynaud's disease, a functional disorder of the vascular system resulting in the hands and feet being abnormally sensitive to the vasoconstrictor influences of cold and emotional disturbance, was treated with thermal biofeedback in order to train the subject to increase her finger temperature and thus reduce the onset of Raynaud's attacks. In addition to biofeedback training to raise digital skin temperature, the experimental conditions included: no-feedback control phases to control for expectancy effects, and relaxation training combined with biofeedback to provide the subject with specific strategies to use when raising finger temperature. It was hypothesized that: 1) …
Patterning Of The Electromyographic Response On A Simple Verbal Conditioning Task, Truman G. Reid
Patterning Of The Electromyographic Response On A Simple Verbal Conditioning Task, Truman G. Reid
Graduate Theses
Twenty-four subjects from the University of Texas of the Permian Basin volunteered to participate in an experiment designed to determine if patterning of EMG responses occur when recorded from the Frontalis, or the Flexors of the preferred arm on a paired-associate verbal conditioning task. Six groups of four subjects each were provided either positive, negative reinforcement, or no reinforcement depending on their respective group. Groups one (PRF), and three (PRA) were positive reinforcement groups. Groups two (NRF), and four (NRA) were provided negative reinforcement. Groups five and six were control groups. Positive and negative reinforcement con sisted of subjects being …