Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Depression And Its Associated Factors: Perceived Stress, Social Support, Substance Use And Related Sociodemographic Risk Factors In Medical School Residents In Nairobi, Kenya, Sayed Shah Nur Hussein Shah, Ahmed Laving, Violet Caroline Okech-Helu, Manasi Kumar

Brain and Mind Institute

Abstract: Background: Little data exists regarding depression and its associated factors in medical residents and doctors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Residents are at high risk of developing depression owing to the stressful nature of their medical practice and academic training. Depression in medical residents leads to decreased clinical efficiency, and poor academic performance; it can also lead to substance abuse and suicide. Our primary aim was to measure depression prevalence among medical residents in Kenya’s largest national teaching and referral hospital. Secondary aims were to describe how depression was associated with perceived stress, perceived social support, substance use, and educational environment. …

Mapping Services At Two Nairobi County Primary Health Facilities: Identifying Challenges And Opportunities In Integrated Mental Health Care As A Universal Health Coverage (Uhc) Priority, Manasi Kumar, Vincent Nyongesa, Martha Kagoya, Byamah B. Mutamba,, Beatrice Amugune, Neha S. Krishnam, Grace Nduku Wambua, Inge Petersen, Onesmus Gachuno, Shekhar Saxena

Brain and Mind Institute

Abstract: Introduction There is a need to scale-up mental health service provision in primary health care. The current extent of integration of mental health in primary care is pertinent to promoting and augmenting mental health at this level. We describe a facility mapping exercise conducted in two low-income/primary health facilities in Kenya to identify existing barriers and facilitators in the delivery of mental health services in general and specifically for peripartum adolescents in primary health care as well as available service resources, cadres, and developmental partners on the ground.

Method and measures This study utilized a qualitative evidence synthesis through …

Use Of Multidimensional Item Response Theory Methods For Dementia Prevalence Prediction: An Example Using The Health And Retirement Survey And The Aging, Demographics, And Memory Study, Manasi Kumar, Gbd 2019 Dementia Collaborators

Brain and Mind Institute

Abstract: Background: Data sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However, validation samples from nationally representative surveys allow for the development of algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence nationally. Methods: Using cognitive testing data and data on functional limitations from Wave A (2001–2003) of the ADAMS study (n=744) and the 2000 wave of the HRS study (n=6358) we estimated a two-dimensional item response theory model to calculate cognition and function scores for all individuals over 70. Based on diagnostic information …

Is There An Optimal Screening Tool For Identifying Perinatal Depression Within Clinical Settings Of Sub-Saharan Africa?, Anna Larsen, Jillian Pintye, Amritha Bhat, Manasi Kumar, John Kinuthia, Pamela Y. Collins, Grace John Stewart

Brain and Mind Institute

Abstract: Depression is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide and the most common complication of the perinatal period. Women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately impacted by perinatal depression. Maternal and child health (MCH) clinics are widely attended in SSA, offering a potential access point for depression screening. Yet, selection of optimal depression screening instruments for use within MCH clinics in SSA remains unclear. We synthesized evidence depicting relative strength of perinatal depression screening scales for use among African perinatal women within four evaluation domains: 1) diagnostic performance, 2) cultural adaptation, 3) feasibility and ease of implementation, …

Search For Dark Matter Produced In Association With A Standard Model Higgs Boson Decaying Into B-Quarks Using The Full Run 2 Dataset From The Atlas Detector, Georges Aad, B Abbott, Dc Abbott, A Abed Abud, Kira Abeling, Deshan Kavishka Abhayasinghe, Sh Abidi, Os Abouzeid, Halina Abramowic, Manasi Kumar

Brain and Mind Institute

Abstract: The production of dark matter in association with Higgs bosons is predicted in several extensions of the Standard Model. An exploration of such scenarios is presented, considering final states with missing transverse momentum and b-tagged jets consistent with a Higgs boson. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during Run 2, amounting to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 . The analysis, when compared with previous searches, benefits from a larger dataset, but also has further improvements providing sensitivity to a wider spectrum of signal …

The Path To Global Equity In Mental Health Care In The Context Of Covid-19, Lola Kola, Brandon A. Kohrt, Bibhav Acharya, Byamah B. Mutamba, Christian Kieling, Manasi Kumar, Charlene Sunkel, Wufang Zhang, Charlotte Hanlon

Brain and Mind Institute

The theme of the 2021 World Mental Health Day is “Mental Health in an Unequal World”, highlighting unequal access to mental health care across the world. This situation has been further worsened by governmental and public responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The response of many high-income countries (HICs) and institutions to the pandemic has been the reverse of equity, exemplified by inequitable access to COVID-19 vaccines and widening inequities in wealth.1 A crucial consideration in this context is the imbalance in social and economic factors that shape onset and outcomes of mental health across communities and countries.2 Looking through a …

Global, Regional, And National Mortality Among Young People Aged 10–24 Years, 1950–2019: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2019, Joseph L. Ward, Peter S S. Azzopardi, Kate Louise Francis, John S S. Santelli, Vegard Skirbekk, Susan M. Sawyer, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Ali H. Mokdad, Simon I. Hay, Manasi Kumar

Brain and Mind Institute

Summary: Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality …