Life Sciences Commons^™

Trophic Ecology Of Juvenile Lean And Siscowet Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaychush) From U.S. Waters Of Lake Superior, Will Otte

All NMU Master's Theses

In this study, I investigated the spatial overlap, diet similarity, and isotopic niches of juvenile Lean and Siscowet Lake Trout ecotypes across six ecoregions of Lake Superior. Spatially, Lean and Siscowet were observed in overlapping depth distributions. Leans were most abundant in shallow waters (60m). The greatest levels of cohabitation were observed in waters from 40-60m. Trophic position (as measured by δ 15N) was similar for both ecotypes at small sizes (mm), but Siscowet exhibited a higher trophic position than Lean Lake Trout at larger sizes (>400mm) and older ages (>5 years). Base of production (as measured by …

Effects Of Different Levels Of Energy Supplementation On Growth Of Grazing Holstein Heifers, L. P. Novaes, C. E. Polan

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Growth of Holstein heifers was studied for 1987 grazing season to evaluate pasture-drylot systems for raising dairy replacements. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), bluegrass (Poa pratensis L) and white (Trifolium repens L) and red clover (Trifolium pratense, L) were the principal components of the grass-legume mixture in six paddocks of 1.5 ha each. Carrying capacity was estimated at six animals/ha (3.1 animal units) and excess forage was harvested as hay to control forage growth and quality. Grazing days were 140 days. None or 2.0 kg/d …

Annual Dry Matter And Nutrient Yields In A Dichanthium Sward With Or Without Gliricidia Shrubs, P. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The aim of this work was to compare the annual biomass production and nutrient removal of a Dichanthium aristatum pasture with those of a pasture of the same species associated with a leguminous tree, Gliricidia sepium. Measurements were made over twelve months between April 1993 and April 1994. Sampling was done with the same defoliation frequency as an intensive cut-and-carry system: every 4 and 10 weeks for the grassland and tree layers respectively. There was no significant difference between the yield of the pure grass (21.6 ± 2.0 t ha^-1) and that of the grass with trees …

Seasonal Patterns Of Growth And Senescence In Cynodon Spp. Cv Tifton 85 Grazed Swards, L. F. M. Pinto, L. G. Barioni, S. C. Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Growth and senescence are very important determinants of grassland productivity and correspond to key features to be considered for grazing management purposes. The present study was carried out at ESALQ, Piracicaba, S.P., Brazil and evaluated growth and senescence as a function of sward surface height. Mathematical models generated revealed that a similar pattern of response occurred as described in the literature for temperate grass species. However, a seasonal variation in response curves for growth and senescence was also observed and could be related to climatic events. Highest herbage accumulation rates were observed within the range of 15 to 20 cm …

Effect Of Temperature On Phenology In Triple-Awned Grass (Stipagrostis Plumosa), Hossein Azarnivand, H. Dastmalchi

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Phenology of triple-awned grass in different stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seed falling was investigated. Each phenological stage was related to minimum and maximum air and soil surface temperatures. Soil surface temperature was measured two times per day during different seasons. Climate data were obtained from the nearest weather station. The study was carried out in sand dunes of band-e-rig of Kashan in the central region of Iran. This species is important in terms of wind erosion control and livestock feeding in arid areas. The results showed that air temperatures ranged from –22 ^oC to 41.5 ^oC …

The Role Of Cdc42 Regulation In Cell Growth Pattern And Timing, Julie Robinson

Doctoral Dissertations

In fission yeast, polarized cell growth stops during division and resumes after cell separation at the end that existed in the previous generation. It is unclear how growth occurs specifically at this end after cell division. Via a pedigree analysis of mutant cells which display a unique polarity phenotype, we show the existence of a memory of growth. This memory of growth exists at the pre-existing cell end, which grew in the previous generation, and facilitates growth at that end in the next generation. This memory of growth gives the pre-existing end some advantage in a competition for active Cdc42, …

Corbicula Fluminea Effects On Survival, Growth, And Drift Of Juvenile Lampsilis Siliquoidea In Laboratory Exposures, Allison Nicole Sieja

MSU Graduate Theses

The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, is an invasive species that is abundant and often co-occurs with native freshwater mussels. Corbicula is widely suspected of having negative effects on native mussels, but few studies have empirically tested this hypothesis. I used laboratory experiments to evaluate how adult Corbicula affected the survivorship, growth, and drift of juvenile Lampsilis siliquoidea. Survival and growth of newly metamorphosed mussels were tested in downwelling flow-through chambers with glass-bead substrate. Treatments were control (no clams), small adult clams, or large adult clams. After 28 days, large clams slightly but significantly reduced the number of juveniles …

Caribbean Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus Chrysurus: Filling In Critical Gaps In Research For Life History And Novel Ageing Validation Utilizing Δ14C, Sarah Zajovits

Theses and Dissertations

Yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus is an important fisheries species in the US Caribbean; in waters of Puerto Rico, it ranks second for reef fishes in terms of annual total commercial landings. However, a paucity of information exists concerning basic life history information for Caribbean yellowtail snapper populations. This study provides the first comprehensive documentation of age, growth, and reproductive biology of yellowtail snapper from the Caribbean and is the first to directly validate age estimation in this species. Sampling of 1731 yellowtail snapper occurred in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands during 2013-2021 from fisheries-dependent and –independent efforts. Fish …

Smallmouth Bass Feeding Dynamics And Growth In Headwater Streams Of The Interior Highlands, Brandon C. Plunkett

ATU Theses and Dissertations 2021 - Present

Smallmouth Bass have been extensively studied, but knowledge of the effects of temperature and hydrologic regime on populations in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas remains lacking. In 2018, I monitored diet characteristics of Smallmouth Bass, located in streams prone to dryness and representing a range of water temperatures, and presence of potential competitors. Diet characteristics of Smallmouth Bass, Green Sunfish, and Creek Chub were studied in the Boston Mountains ecoregion of Arkansas during the summer of 2018. In 2019, I expanded the scope of the project to search for relationships between Smallmouth Bass growth and hydrologic regime. My objectives were …

Effects Of Probiotic Supplementation On Growth And Health Of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves, Lily Bello

Honors Scholar Theses

Dairy calf immune development leaves calves susceptible to illness during the pre-weaned stage of life. Previous studies have shown that the use of probiotics during this time may result in increased growth rates and decreased incidence of illness, particularly diarrhea and scours. We hypothesized that by providing probiotics during the time from birth until weaning, calves on study would experience similar growth and health benefits. Neonatal calves (N=32) were provided milk replacer three times daily, with half of the calves receiving Probios® supplements mixed in with their first morning feeding. Growth and health measurements were collected weekly. Probiotic administration significantly …

The Health Of Haitian Schoolchildren: Longitudinal Effect Of Annual Visits On Growth, Jamarie Geller, Mary Starrs, Andrew Bartholomew, Sara Kaliszak, Jeri Kessenich

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Objectives: Haiti has one of the highest rates of childhood undernutrition in the world, devastating overall health. This study focuses on the growth of children offered longitudinal healthcare by Kids Health for Haiti, using BMI to indicate developmental and nutritional status. Objectives include collecting baseline prevalence data, examining the longitudinal impact of longitudinal interventions, and discussing future investigation and programming areas.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal observational chart review on 245 students over a six-year period analyzing height, weight, and BMI. All data was collected as part of routine health provision and underwent statistical analysis using a single-subject design.

Results:46.3%, …

Salinity Effects On Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, And Ion Content Of Covered And Naked Oat, Guiqin Zhao, Baoluo Ma

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Different Salts And Concentrations On Germination And Growth Of Leymus Chinensis, L. H. Huang, Z. W. Liang, H. Y. Ma, M. Liu, C. Yan, Z. C. Wang

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Nutraceutical Intervention With Colostrum Replacer: Can We Reduce Disease Hazard, Ameliorate Disease Severity, And Improve Performance In Preweaned Dairy Calves?, Melissa C. Cantor, D. L. Renaud, Joao H. C. Costa

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to determine if an intervention with colostrum replacer (CR; Premolac Plus, Zinpro; 125 g/d fed for 3 d) or a placebo milk replacer (Cows Match, Land O'Lakes Inc.; 125 g/d for 3 d) following a triggered alarm could ameliorate disease bouts in dairy calves. The alarm was set to detect negative deviations of milk intake (20% reduction) or drinking speed (30% reduction) in relation to a calf's 12-d rolling average feeding behavior. Calves were enrolled on this study (n = 42 CR, n = 42 placebo) when they triggered an alarm from …

Effects Of Cobalt Treatment On Growth Of Five Legume Species, Yu Lu, Qinghua Yuan

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

European Aspen With High Compared To Low Constitutive Tannin Defenses Grow Taller In Response To Anthropogenic Nitrogen Enrichment, Franziska Bandau, Benedicte Riber Albrectsen, Kathryn M. Robinson, Michael J. Gundale

Aspen Bibliography

Boreal forests receive nitrogen-(N)-enrichment via atmospheric deposition and industrial fertilization. While it is known that N-enrichment can intensify interactions with natural antagonists, it remains poorly understood how genetic variability in plant defense chemistry can affect biotic interactions and height growth in N-enriched environments. We grew replicates of five low- and high-tannin Populus tremula genotypes, respectively, under three N-treatments (ambient, 15, and 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1). We assessed shoot blight occurrence (i.e. symptoms caused by Venturia fungi) during four growing seasons, and tree height growth during the same period. Damage by Venturia spp. increased with N-addition during all years, likely …

Salt Tolerance Of Some New Selections Of Warm Season Turfgrasses And Their Salt Tolerance Mechanisms, Jingbo Chen, Tingting Zhang, Jun Yan, Yanqin Jiang, Hailin Guo, Jianxiu Liu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Ontogenetic Variation In Sciaenid Otolith Morphometry With Fish Size From The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Thomas C. Ingalls

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Sciaenids are a diverse family of coastal fishes and their fisheries are an important industry in the United States. In the northern Gulf of Mexico this industry is dominated by six species, specifically, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), black drum (Pogonias cromis), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), sand seatrout (C. arenarius), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), and spot (Leiostomus xathurus). Sagittal otoliths of all species were evaluated for changes in size and shape in relation to changes in fish total length and age across a variety of seasons and habitats. Evaluation …

Pyrethroid Exposure Reduces Growth And Development Of Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Caterpillars, Annie Krueger, Kathryn J. Hanford, Thomas Weissling, Ana M. Vélez, Troy D. Anderson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Insecticide exposure has been identified as a contributing stressor to the decline in the North American monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) population. Monarch toxicity data are currently limited and available data focuses on lethal endpoints. This study examined the 72-h toxicity of two pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin and β-cyfluthrin, and their effects on growth and diet consumption. The toxicity of bifenthrin to caterpillars was lower than β-cyfluthrin after 72 h. Survival was the most sensitive endpoint for bifenthrin, but diet consumption and caterpillar growth were significantly reduced at sublethal levels of β-cyfluthrin. Using AgDRIFT spray drift assessment, the aerial …

Comparative Analysis Of The Relationship Between Morphological, Physiological, And Biochemical Properties In Spinach (Spinacea Oleracea L.) Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions, Musa Seymen

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Drought is an abiotic stress factor that negatively affects plant development and causes economic losses in plant production, and its effect is getting significant every day. Spinach contains a high amount of water and drought stress affects its development as well as causing changes in its biochemical contents. In this study, it is aimed to determine the changes in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical contents of spinach grown under deficit irrigation conditions in different stages of development. For this purpose, by considering five different irrigation levels (I100, I80, I60, I40, and I20), and 4 harvest times determined according to the …

Age, Growth, And Mortality Of Atlantic Tripletail In The North-Central Gulf Of Mexico, Amanda E. Jefferson, Matthew B. Jargowsky, Meagan N. Schrandt, Pearce T. Cooper, Sean P. Powers, John Dindo, J. Marcus Drymon

University Faculty and Staff Publications

In the southeastern USA and the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis are increasingly targeted by recreational anglers, indicating that stock status should be assessed. A critical need for such assessments is age-specific data; however, previous studies have drawn conflicting conclusions regarding the most appropriate structure for aging. Moreover, growth parameters and mortality rates for GOM Atlantic Tripletail are unknown. Therefore, the goals of this study were to (1) evaluate sagittal otoliths and first dorsal spines as aging structures; (2) model combined and sex-specific growth; and (3) estimate mortality rates for GOM Atlantic Tripletail. From 2012 to 2019, …

Effects Of Large Wood Restoration On Coho Salmon In A Northern California Watershed: A Before-After-Control-Impact Experiment, Natalie B. Okun

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Substantial time, money, and effort are invested in river and stream restoration projects to aid in the recovery of imperiled salmonid populations, but there is little evidence that these efforts have had lasting positive impacts on juvenile fish growth and survival. To assess the effectiveness of large woody debris (LWD) restoration, which is one of the most common restoration practices, I evaluated the growth and survival response of endangered Central California Coast coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a paired watershed before-after impact-control (BACI) study. To determine if LWD supplementation influenced coho salmon growth and survival, two neighboring, similar …

Associations Of Snps In Ghr Gene With Growth And Milk Yield Of Anatolian Buffaloes, Meti̇n Erdoğan, Mustafa Tekerli̇, Koray Çeli̇keloğlu, Özlem Hacan, Serdar Koçak, Zehra Bozkurt, Samet Çi̇nkaya, Mustafa Demi̇rtaş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene and growth and milk yields of Anatolian buffaloes. Growth records of genotyped 3012 Anatolian buffaloes and 467 lactations of 329 cows from them were used. The overall means of weights at birth, six and 12 months of ages and lactation milk yield were 29.377 ± 0.342 kg, 96.15 ± 1.48 kg, 165.54 ± 2.18 kg, and 976.3 ± 39.9 kg, respectively. Three mutations (g.31601787 G > A, g.31601784 G > A, and g.31601783 G > del) in GHR were detected. A least-squares …

Assessing The Significance Of Substrate Color And Temperature On Balanus Glandula Growth And Survivorship, Nhi Phan

CMC Senior Theses

The body temperatures of intertidal species are strongly dependent on the temperature of their external environment. This study sought to understand the impact of a substrate’s color and subsequent temperature on Balanus glandula in order to predict the potential effects of warming temperatures from climate change on intertidal species. Barnacles were allowed to settle and grow on three differently colored plates and were photographically monitored over the course of eleven weeks. Settlement and survivorship were recorded on-site, while growth was tracked utilizing digital imaging software. It was hypothesized that barnacles on peach plates would perform the best since the ambient …

Kelp-Associated Microbes Facilitate Spatial Subsidy In A Detrital-Based Food Web In A Shoreline Ecosystem, Charu Lata Singh, Megan J. Huggett, Paul S. Lavery, Christin Säwström, Glenn A. Hyndes

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Microbes are ubiquitous but our knowledge of their effects on consumers is limited in benthic marine systems. Shorelines often form hotspots of microbial and detritivore activity due to the large amounts of detrital macrophytes that are exported from other coastal ecosystems, such as kelp forests, and accumulate in these systems. Shoreline ecosystems therefore provide a useful model system to examine microbial-detritivore interactions. We experimentally test whether bacteria in the biofilm of kelp provide a bottom-up influence on growth and reproductive output of detritivores in shorelines where detrital kelp accumulates, by manipulating the bacterial abundances on kelp (Ecklonia radiata). The growth …

Growth, Survival Rate, And Some Reproductive Characteristics Of Hair Goat Under Breederconditions In Kahramanmaraş Province, İrfan Güngör, Kürşat Alkoyak, Sezer Öz, Seyrani̇ Koncagül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the growth characteristics and survival rate until weaning, some reproductive characteristics of Hair goat, and the factors affecting these characteristics under farmer conditions in Kahramanmaraş province. In the study, a total of 19386 birth weight (BW) records of kids in 49 different flocks in 14 villages for 5 years (2014-2018), and a total of 18017 weaning weight (WW) records were used from the National Genetic Improvement Project of Sheep and Goat in Turkey (NGIPSG). The average BW, WW, and daily live weight gain (DWG) of the kids were determined as 3.17 ± 0.013, …

Effect Of Dietary Salt And Zinc Level On Growth Performance And Fecal Dry Matter Of Nursery Pigs, Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (Line 600 × 241, DNA; initially 12.6 ± 0.5 lb) were used to determine the effect of feeding different levels of dietary Na alone or in combination with pharmacological levels of Zn on growth performance and fecal dry matter of nursery pigs. At weaning, pigs were randomly allotted to pens (6 pigs per pen) and fed a common diet for 7 days. On d 7 after weaning (d 0 of the trial), pigs were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 10 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 …

Evaluation Of Vegetable Protein Sources On Nursery Pig Performance In A Commercial Environment, Rafe Q. Royall, Joel M. Derouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Keith D. Haydon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of vegetable protein sources on growth and economic performance of nursery pigs in a commercial research environment. A total of 2,592 pigs (L337 × 1050, PIC; initial BW of 11.8 ± 0.11 lb) were used in a 42-d study. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and weaning date and allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 27 pigs per pen and 16 replications per treatment across 2 rooms. Similar numbers of barrows and gilts were placed in each pen. There were six dietary treatments …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Level On Growth Performance Of 80 To 120 Lb Dna Grow-Finish Pigs, Rafe Q. Royall, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to estimate the SID Lys requirement for growth and feed efficiency of 80- to 120-lb DNA grow-finish pigs. A total of 608 barrows and gilts (600 × 241, DNA; initially 80.2 ± 2.0 lb) were used in two separate studies lasting 14 and 21 d, respectively. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 7 to 9 pigs per pen and 12 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Similar number of barrows and gilts were placed in each pen. Dietary treatments were …

Evaluation Of Selenium Source On Nursery Pig Growth Performance, Serum And Tissue Selenium Concentrations, And Serum Antioxidant Status, Zhong-Xing Rao, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michele De Marco, Steven Moreland, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 3,888 pigs (337 × 1050, PIC; initially 13.1 ± 0.10 lb) were used in a 42-d trial. At the time of placement, pens of pigs were weighed and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with blocking structure including sow farm origin, date of entry into the facility, and average pen body weight. A total of 144 pens were used with 72 double-sided 5-hole stainless steel fence line feeders, with feeder serving as the experimental unit. For each feeder, 1 pen contained 27 gilts and 1 pen contained 27 barrows. There …