Life Sciences Commons^™

A Genome-Wide Association Study Discovers 46 Loci Of The Human Metabolome In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos, Elena V Feofanova, Han Chen, Yulin Dai, Peilin Jia, Megan L Grove, Alanna C Morrison, Qibin Qi, Martha Daviglus, Jianwen Cai, Kari E North, Cathy C Laurie, Robert C Kaplan, Eric Boerwinkle, Bing Yu

Journal Articles

Variation in levels of the human metabolome reflect changes in homeostasis, providing a window into health and disease. The genetic impact on circulating metabolites in Hispanics, a population with high cardiometabolic disease burden, is largely unknown. We conducted genome-wide association analyses on 640 circulating metabolites in 3,926 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. The estimated heritability for 640 metabolites ranged between 0%-54% with a median at 2.5%. We discovered 46 variant-metabolite pairs (p value < 1.2 × 10

Prevalence Of Eating Disorder Risk And Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Rotc Cadets, Allison Smith, Dawn Emerson, Zachary Winkelmann, Devin Potter, Toni Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

Injury risk is multifactorial including non-modifiable and modifiable factors such as nutrition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to estimate eating disorder risk and body image (BI) dissatisfaction among Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. A total of 102 (male: = 75, female: = 27; age: 20 ± 2 years) ROTC cadets self-reported height, current and ideal weight, and completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and self-perceived BI current and perceived sex-specific figural stimuli. The overall eating disorder risk for ROTC cadets was 32.4%. No significant differences were found when comparing sex, ethnicity, or military branch. Overall …

The Arabic Version Of The Personality Inventory For The Dsm-5 (Pid-5) In A Clinical Sample Of United Arab Emirates (Uae) Nationals, Olga Coelho, Rute Pires, Ana Sousa Ferreira, Bruno Gonçalves, Samia A. Alkhoori, Mohamed A. Sayed, Amany Elrasheed, Sara Belhoul, Maryam Aljassmi, Joana Stocker

All Works

Objectives: We aimed to test the potential of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical participants, as well as to examine its convergent validity and factor structure in an Emirati clinical sample. Methods: The Arabic version of the PID-5 was administered to a clinical sample comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.38, SD = 8.99, 37.8% male, 62.2% female) and a community sample also comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.43, SD = 9.52, 37.2% male, 62.8% female). We addressed the descriptive measures, internal consistency, mean rank scores differences, convergent validity with SCL-90-R, and PID-5's …

The Effects Of Concurrent Activation Potentiation On Bat Swing Velocity Of Division Ii College Softball Athletes, Alexis Mace, Charles Allen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 1630-1637, 2020. As an ethical and practical ergogenic strategy, concurrent activation potentiation (CAP), achieved by remote voluntary contractions (RVC) such as jaw clenching, has been proposed to acutely enhance muscular and athletic performance characteristics. The effects of CAP on bat swing velocity (BSV), an important component for successful hitting in sports such as baseball and softball has yet to be reported in the literature. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of maximal jaw clenching on BSV in collegiate division II softball players. Thirteen (n = 13) division II softball …

Health And Disease Markers Correlate With Gut Microbiome Composition Across Thousands Of People., Ohad Manor, Chengzhen L Dai, Sergey A Kornilov, Brett Smith, Nathan D Price, Jennifer C Lovejoy, Sean M Gibbons, Andrew T Magis

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Variation in the human gut microbiome can reflect host lifestyle and behaviors and influence disease biomarker levels in the blood. Understanding the relationships between gut microbes and host phenotypes are critical for understanding wellness and disease. Here, we examine associations between the gut microbiota and ~150 host phenotypic features across ~3,400 individuals. We identify major axes of taxonomic variance in the gut and a putative diversity maximum along the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes axis. Our analyses reveal both known and unknown associations between microbiome composition and host clinical markers and lifestyle factors, including host-microbe associations that are composition-specific. These results suggest potential opportunities …

Representation Of Ehr Data For Predictive Modeling: A Comparison Between Umls And Other Terminologies., Laila Rasmy, Firat Tiryaki, Yujia Zhou, Yang Xiang, Cui Tao, Hua Xu, Degui Zhi

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: Predictive disease modeling using electronic health record data is a growing field. Although clinical data in their raw form can be used directly for predictive modeling, it is a common practice to map data to standard terminologies to facilitate data aggregation and reuse. There is, however, a lack of systematic investigation of how different representations could affect the performance of predictive models, especially in the context of machine learning and deep learning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We projected the input diagnoses data in the Cerner HealthFacts database to Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and 5 other terminologies, including CCS, CCSR, …

Genetic Variant Effects On Gene Expression In Human Pancreatic Islets And Their Implications For T2d., Ana Viñuela, Arushi Varshney, Martijn Van De Bunt, Rashmi B Prasad, Olof Asplund, Amanda Bennett, Michael Boehnke, Andrew A Brown, Michael R Erdos, João Fadista, Ola Hansson, Gad Hatem, Cédric Howald, Apoorva K Iyengar, Paul Johnson, Ulrika Krus, Patrick E Macdonald, Anubha Mahajan, Jocelyn E Manning Fox, Narisu Narisu, Vibe Nylander, Peter Orchard, Nikolay Oskolkov, Nikolaos I Panousis, Anthony Payne, Michael L. Stitzel, Swarooparani Vadlamudi, Ryan Welch, Francis S Collins, Karen L Mohlke, Anna L Gloyn, Laura J Scott, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Leif Groop, Stephen C J Parker, Mark I Mccarthy

Faculty Research 2020

Most signals detected by genome-wide association studies map to non-coding sequence and their tissue-specific effects influence transcriptional regulation. However, key tissues and cell-types required for functional inference are absent from large-scale resources. Here we explore the relationship between genetic variants influencing predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using data from 420 donors. We find: (a) 7741 cis-eQTLs in islets with a replication rate across 44 GTEx tissues between 40% and 73%; (b) marked overlap between islet cis-eQTL signals and active regulatory sequences in islets, with reduced eQTL effect size observed in …

Prognostic Gene Expression Signature For High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer., J Millstein, T Budden, E L Goode, M S Anglesio, A Talhouk, M P Intermaggio, H S Leong, S Chen, W Elatre, B Gilks, T Nazeran, M Volchek, R C Bentley, C Wang, D S Chiu, S Kommoss, S C Y Leung, J Senz, A Lum, V Chow, H Sudderuddin, R Mackenzie, Joshy George, Aocs Group, S Fereday, J Hendley, N Traficante, H Steed, J M Koziak, M Köbel, I A Mcneish, T Goranova, D Ennis, G Macintyre, D Silva De Silva, T Ramón Y Cajal, J García-Donas, S Hernando Polo, G C Rodriguez, K L Cushing-Haugen, H R Harris, C S Greene, R A Zelaya, S Behrens, R T Fortner, P Sinn, E Herpel, J Lester, J Lubiński, O Oszurek, A Tołoczko, C Cybulski, J Menkiszak, C L Pearce, M C Pike, C Tseng, J Alsop, V Rhenius, H Song, M Jimenez-Linan, A M Piskorz, A Gentry-Maharaj, C Karpinskyj, M Widschwendter, N Singh, C J Kennedy, R Sharma, P R Harnett, B Gao, S E Johnatty, R Sayer, J Boros, S J Winham, G L Keeney, S H Kaufmann, M C Larson, H Luk, B Y Hernandez, P J Thompson, L R Wilkens, M E Carney, B Trabert, J Lissowska, L Brinton, M E Sherman, C Bodelon, S Hinsley, L A Lewsley, R Glasspool, S N Banerjee, E A Stronach, P Haluska, I Ray-Coquard, S Mahner, B Winterhoff, D Slamon, D A Levine, L E Kelemen, J Benitez, J Chang-Claude, J Gronwald, A H Wu, U Menon, M T Goodman, J M Schildkraut, N Wentzensen, R Brown, A Berchuck, G Chenevix-Trench, A Defazio, S A Gayther, M J García, M J Henderson, M A Rossing, A Beeghly-Fadiel, P A Fasching, S Orsulic, B Y Karlan, G E Konecny, D G Huntsman, D D Bowtell, J D Brenton, J A Doherty, P D P Pharoah, S J Ramus

Faculty Research 2020

BACKGROUND: Median overall survival (OS) for women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is ∼4 years, yet survival varies widely between patients. There are no well-established, gene expression signatures associated with prognosis. The aim of this study was to develop a robust prognostic signature for OS in patients with HGSOC.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Expression of 513 genes, selected from a meta-analysis of 1455 tumours and other candidates, was measured using NanoString technology from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue collected from 3769 women with HGSOC from multiple studies. Elastic net regularization for survival analysis was applied to develop a prognostic model for …

Dual Roles Of Neutrophils In Metastatic Colonization Are Governed By The Host Nk Cell Status., Peishan Li, Mingyang Lu, Jiayuan Shi, Li Hua, Zheng Gong, Qing Li, Leonard D. Shultz, Guangwen Ren

Faculty Research 2020

The role of neutrophils in solid tumor metastasis remains largely controversial. In preclinical models of solid tumors, both pro-metastatic and anti-metastatic effects of neutrophils have been reported. In this study, using mouse models of breast cancer, we demonstrate that the metastasis-modulating effects of neutrophils are dictated by the status of host natural killer (NK) cells. In NK cell-deficient mice, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-expanded neutrophils show an inhibitory effect on the metastatic colonization of breast tumor cells in the lung. In contrast, in NK cell-competent mice, neutrophils facilitate metastatic colonization in the same tumor models. In an ex vivo neutrophil-NK cell-tumor cell …

Aluminum Reproductive Toxicity: A Summary And Interpretation Of Scientific Reports, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Publications addressing aluminum (Al)-induced reproductive toxicity were reviewed. Key details were compiled in summary tables. Approximate systemic Al exposure, a measure of bioavailability, was calculated for each exposure, based on the Al percentage in the dosed Al species, Al bioavailability, and absorption time course reports for the exposure route. This was limited to laboratory animal studies because no controlled-exposure human studies were found. Intended Al exposure was compared to unintended dietary Al exposure. The considerable and variable Al content of laboratory animal diets creates uncertainty about reproductive function in the absence of Al. Aluminum-induced reproductive toxicity in female mice and …

Lower Extremity Muscle Contributions To Acl Loading In Healthy And Acl-Reconstructed Females, Shelby Peel

Doctoral Dissertations

Females are 16 times greater to sustain a second ACL injury compared to their healthy female counterparts. Many of these females return to play their respective sport after an ACL-reconstruction (ACLR). However, little is known about the influence fatigue in sport has on lower extremity mechanics of ACLR females. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence muscular fatigue may have on lower extremity mechanics in healthy and ACLR females. It was hypothesized that 1) healthy control and ACLR females would demonstrate different hip, knee, and ankle mechanics, regardless of fatigue, 2) fatigue would influence hip, knee, and …

Facial Shape And Allometry Quantitative Trait Locus Intervals In The Diversity Outbred Mouse Are Enriched For Known Skeletal And Facial Development Genes., David C Katz, J David Aponte, Wei Liu, Rebecca M Green, Jessica M Mayeux, K Michael Pollard, Daniel Pomp, Steven C. Munger, Stephen A Murray, Charles C Roseman, Christopher J Percival, James Cheverud, Ralph S Marcucio, Benedikt Hallgrímsson

Faculty Research 2020

The biology of how faces are built and come to differ from one another is complex. Discovering normal variants that contribute to differences in facial morphology is one key to untangling this complexity, with important implications for medicine and evolutionary biology. This study maps quantitative trait loci (QTL) for skeletal facial shape using Diversity Outbred (DO) mice. The DO is a randomly outcrossed population with high heterozygosity that captures the allelic diversity of eight inbred mouse lines from three subspecies. The study uses a sample of 1147 DO animals (the largest sample yet employed for a shape QTL study in …

Prevalence And Factors Associated With Overweight And Central Obesity Among Adults In The Eastern Sudan, Saeed M. Omar, Zainab Taha, Ahmed Ali Hassan, Osama Al-Wutayd, Ishag Adam

All Works

© 2020 Omar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background A global epidemic of obesity has been documented, particularly among African countries. While central obesity and overweight have been reported for many countries, very limited information exists about the prevalence of these health problems in Sudan, and these data are nonexistent for Eastern Sudan. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and central obesity, as well as …

Evidence For Gene-Smoking Interactions For Hearing Loss And Deafness In Japanese American Families, Jia Y Wan, Christina Cataby, Andrew Liem, Emily Jeffrey, Trina M Norden-Krichmar, Deborah Goodman, Stephanie A Santorico, Karen L Edwards

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the relationship between smoking and hearing loss and deafness (HLD) and whether the relationship is modified by genetic variation. Data for these analyses was from the subset of Japanese American families collected as part of the American Diabetes Association Genetics of Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus study. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations assessed the relationship between HLD and smoking. Nonparametric linkage analysis identified genetic regions harboring HLD susceptibility genes and ordered subset analysis was used to identify regions showing evidence for gene-smoking interactions. Genetic variants within these candidate regions were then each tested for interaction with …

An Ecological Momentary Assessment Of Self-Improved And Self-Evaluation Body Comparisons: Associations With College Women's Body Dissatisfaction And Exercise, Rachel I. Macintyre, Kristin E. Heron, Abby L. Braitman, Danielle Arigo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Upward body comparisons are prevalent among college women and associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, less is known about distinguishing features of the comparisons themselves as they occur in daily life. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether two types of upward body comparisons previously studied experimentally (self-improvement and self-evaluation) are differentially associated with body- and exercise-related outcomes in real-life settings using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Undergraduate women (N = 74) between 18-25 years (Mage = 20.4, SD = 1.63) completed five surveys on smartphones daily for seven days. EMA measures …

Digilego For Peripartum Depression: A Novel Patient-Facing Digital Health Instantiation, J Rodin, C Timko, S Harris

Journal Articles

Digital health technologies offer unique opportunities to improve health outcomes for mental health conditions such as peripartum depression (PPD), a disorder that affects approximately 10-15% of women in the U.S. every year. In this paper, we present the adaption of a digital technology development framework, Digilego, in the context of PPD. Methods include mapping of the Behavior Intervention Technology (BIT) model and the Patient Engagement Framework (PEF) to translate patient needs captured through focus groups. This informs formative development and implementation of digital health features for optimal patient engagement in PPD screening and management. Results show an array ofPPD-specific Digilego …

Female Collegiate Student Athletes And The Perception, Attitudes And Experiences Of Psychological And Mental Health Services, Breonna Bejaran

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This study explored eighteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II female student athletes’ experiences and opinions of help seeking for mental health concerns. A mixed methodological design was used. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected to gain an understanding of help seeking barriers for the participant and their beliefs about help seeking barriers for their peers. Results from the qualitative data identified several themes that assisted in understanding help seeking behaviors. Data suggest that there was a lack of motivation when it came to seek mental health services as a whole by the female student athlete population. Time, lack …

Kinematic And Coordination Variability In Runners With And Without Patellofemoral Pain, Jessica Mutchler, Klarie Macias, Barry Munkasy, Samuel J. Wilson, John C. Garner Iii, Li Li

Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury that has been suggested to cause abnormal gait kinematics and variability in runners with PFP. Conflicting results have been presented as to the variability of joint kinematics and joint coordination. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the variability of lower extremity kinematics and joint coordination in the presence of PFP and exertion. Methods: Six female runners with PFP and matched controls (CON) ran at a self-selected pace on an instrumented treadmill until exertion or pain criteria was met. Sixteen anatomical retroreflective markers and seven tracking clusters were placed …

Effects Of A Strength Training Intervention And Quality Of Life: Case Study On A Sedentary Adult Female, Lucas Frazier

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of the project is to evaluate physiological and quality of life changes in a

sedentary, senior-aged (55 or older) female using a six-week strength training

intervention. This case study will instruct how to perform a push-pull-legs split

routine by going to the gym three times per week. Prior to the six week intervention,

both quantitative and qualitative variables will be collected to assess baseline data,

including the subject’s resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, grip strength, one-

repetition maximum on seven whole body exercises (dumbbell bicep curl, tricep

pushdown, barbell bench press, wide-grip lat pull-down, seated dumbbell press, …