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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Adolescent Binge Alcohol Exposure Effects On Heart Structure And Function, Lizhuo Ai
Adolescent Binge Alcohol Exposure Effects On Heart Structure And Function, Lizhuo Ai
Master's Theses
More than 5 million underage Americans report binge drinking at least once per month. While the effects of alcohol consumption on the adult heart have been well studied, the impact to the adolescent heart is almost entirely unknown. Adolescents primarily consume alcohol in a binge pattern, which elevates blood alcohol content (BAC) to 0.08 g/dL within 2 hours. During adolescence the body grows rapidly, and the heart must also grow by cellular hypertrophy to meet this increasing demand. Our goal was to determine the impact of adolescent binge alcohol exposure on the heart, using an outbred rat model. This thesis …
Modulation Of Coxsackievirus Protease Activity By Polyamines, Courtney Noelle Dial
Modulation Of Coxsackievirus Protease Activity By Polyamines, Courtney Noelle Dial
Master's Theses
Coxsackievirus type B (CVB3) is one of the six serotypes of the Coxsackievirus family of non-enveloped, linear, and positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. It is a pathogenic enterovirus that belongs to the same genus as the notable pathogen poliovirus. CVB3 can cause a range of illnesses from a fever to gastrointestinal distress but is most noteworthy for the ability to cause viral myocarditis, a swelling of the heart muscle. Coxsackievirus, like all RNA viruses, tends to develop mutations rapidly due to its error prone polymerase and lack of proofreading activity. These mutations can be advantageous for the virus, allowing it to …
A Possible Role Of Clostridium Difficile Association With The Gi Tract In Relapsing Clostridium Difficile Infection, Asiyya Ashraf
A Possible Role Of Clostridium Difficile Association With The Gi Tract In Relapsing Clostridium Difficile Infection, Asiyya Ashraf
Master's Theses
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), caused by the anaerobic spore-former C. difficile, is a major cause of health-care associated morbidity. CDI occurs in individuals that have a disrupted GI tract microbiota, typically in patients who are on antibiotic therapy. After recovery from an episode of CDI, approximately, 15-30% of patients experience relapse of disease. The mechanism of relapse is not well understood. It is plausible for relapse to occur if C. difficile cells and spores associate with the GI tract mucosa during infection and persist after infection. However, little is known about the association of cells and spores with the GI …
Role Of Daxx As A Predictive Biomarker In Breast Cancer, Michelle Lucia Fernandez
Role Of Daxx As A Predictive Biomarker In Breast Cancer, Michelle Lucia Fernandez
Master's Theses
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in women, besides skin cancer, and second only to lung cancer for cause of mortality. It is divided into three subtypes, depending on different molecular or pathologic characteristics, including estrogen or progesterone receptor-positive (ER/PR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). There are several therapies used to target these subtypes, but there is still a chance that the cancer will recur into a more aggressive, resistant form even if the therapies were successful before. This recurrence is believed to be due to the Cancer Stem …
The Role Of Polyamines In Enteroviral Attachment, Thomas Mckenzie Kicmal
The Role Of Polyamines In Enteroviral Attachment, Thomas Mckenzie Kicmal
Master's Theses
Polyamines are small polycationic molecules with flexible carbon chains that are found in all eukaryotic cells. Polyamines are involved in the regulation of many host processes and have been shown to be implicated in viral replication. Depletion of polyamine pools in cells with FDA approved drugs restricts replication of diverse RNA viruses. Viruses can exploit host polyamines to facilitate packaging, transcription, translation, and protease activity but other mechanisms remain largely unknown. Picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are sensitive to depletion of polyamines and remain a significant public health threat. We employed CVB3 as a model system to investigate a potential …
Mllt3 Regulates Expression Of Genes Critical To Liver Metabolic Homeostasis, Jonathan Richard Dixit
Mllt3 Regulates Expression Of Genes Critical To Liver Metabolic Homeostasis, Jonathan Richard Dixit
Master's Theses
Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) is increasingly prevalent in the US, and is characterized by triglyceride accumulation within hepatocytes. This is a direct result of an imbalance between lipid import, export, de novo lipogenesis, and beta oxidation. Hepatic steatosis can also progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is characterized by increased hepatocyte damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. Further progression can lead to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma, requiring liver transplant or causing death. Our lab recently created Mllt3 conditional whole body knockout mice. These mice developed hepatic steatosis and NASH following Mllt3 deletion. MLLT3 is a master gene regulator that is part …
Habitat Associations And Community Interactions Of Non-Native Species In The Southern Basin Of Lake Michigan, Erin O'Shaughnessey
Habitat Associations And Community Interactions Of Non-Native Species In The Southern Basin Of Lake Michigan, Erin O'Shaughnessey
Master's Theses
Non-native crayfishes, mollusks, and macrophytes can have large impacts on biodiversity and damage ecosystem services in freshwaters. In 2015 we discovered an established population of the globally widespread invader red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in the North Shore Channel of the Chicago Area Waterway System. This population overlaps with a population of rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus), a previous invader that is widely distributed and usually the dominant crayfish species across the Great Lakes region. I studied the interactions between these two species while directly competing over shelter and food. In the field, each species was studied to determine the rate …
Dissecting A Role For Polyamines In Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection, Vincent Mastrodomenico
Dissecting A Role For Polyamines In Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection, Vincent Mastrodomenico
Master's Theses
Bunyaviruses are emerging viral pathogens that cause encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers, and meningitis. Rift Valley fever virus is a particularly devastating bunyavirus, infecting both humans and livestock with significant morbidity and mortality. By coordinating several host and viral processes Rift Valley fever virus is able to produce infectious virions. Polyamines are small, positively-charged host-derived molecules that play diverse roles in human cells and in infection. We previously demonstrated that polyamines are crucial for RNA viruses; however, the mechanisms by which polyamines function remain unknown. Here, we investigated polyamines' role in the replication of the Rift Valley fever virus (vaccine strain MP-12). …
Microplastic In Aquatic Food Webs: Museum Specimens And Ingestion Experiments Reveal Controls On Microplastic Ingestion By Freshwater Fish, Loren Hou
Master's Theses
Plastic is pervasive in modern economies and ecosystems. Early research suggests freshwater fish commonly ingest microplastic (particles < 5 mm), which may influence fish digestive tissues, but no studies have examined historical patterns in microplastic consumption or rates of microplastic retention in fish. We measured microplastic in digestive tissue of specimens collected and preserved over the last century (Field Museum, Chicago). We selected Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass), Notropis stramineus (sand shiner), Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish), and Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) because each was well represented in the museum collection, with specimens from urban rivers. Specimens from 1900-2018 showed increases in microplastic concentration from the 1950's to present. in a second project, we collected round gobies from Lake Michigan in Chicago to conduct feeding experiments to measure microplastic ingestion and retention rates. the majority of microplastic was excreted within 72 hours of ingestion. Results will aid in understanding ecological interactions of microplastic and freshwater fish, informing further work on the movement of microplastic in aquatic food webs.
Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need To Transition To Voided Urine, Baylie Hochstedler
Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need To Transition To Voided Urine, Baylie Hochstedler
Master's Theses
It is now established that the bladder is not sterile; it contains communities of microbes (microbiota). While the healthy bladder microbiota have been defined using expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) and urines obtained by transurethral catheterization (TUC), longitudinal and population studies have not previously been possible. These studies cannot be done using TUC urines, as it would be impractical to catheterize participants daily. Instead, we must transition to using voided urines.In order to make this switch, we have addressed three main issues raised by using voided urine. First, we showed that EQUC out performs standard urine culture on voided urines …