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- Mexico (2)
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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
How The Atacama Skeleton Might Advance Discussion Of Responsible Conduct Of Research Responsibilities, Thomas May, Mariko Nakano-Okuno
How The Atacama Skeleton Might Advance Discussion Of Responsible Conduct Of Research Responsibilities, Thomas May, Mariko Nakano-Okuno
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Controversies resulting from genetic testing on skeletal remains of disputed stewardship raise important questions about obligations inherent on genetic researchers to assure ethical chain of custody. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate several proposed positions on whether such research should be published. Following jurisprudential standards for legitimate regulatory systems, we argue that responsible conduct of research requires reasonable attention to chain of custody, but cannot require guarantees, particularly in cases of ancient remains.
Genetic Overview Of The Maya Populations: Mitochondrial Dna Haplogroups, Angélica González-Oliver, Dircé Pineda-Vázquez, Ernesto Garfias-Morales, Isabel De La Cruz-Laina, Luis Medrano-González, Lourdes Márquez-Morfín, Allan Ortega-Muñoz
Genetic Overview Of The Maya Populations: Mitochondrial Dna Haplogroups, Angélica González-Oliver, Dircé Pineda-Vázquez, Ernesto Garfias-Morales, Isabel De La Cruz-Laina, Luis Medrano-González, Lourdes Márquez-Morfín, Allan Ortega-Muñoz
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
We identified the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups A, B, C and D in 75 present-day Maya individuals, 24 Maya individuals of the colonial period and one pre-Columbian Maya individual from Quintana Roo, Mexico. We examined these data together with those of 21 Maya populations accounting for 647 present-day Maya individuals and 104 ancient Maya individuals. A demographic study based on the analysis of fertility and endogamy was carried out in two modern Maya populations to identify cultural factors that influence the mitochondrial haplogroup genetic diversity. Most present-day and ancient Maya populations show a distribution pattern of mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies A, C, …
Ontogenesis Of The Sella Turcica Among Egyptians: Forensic And Radiological Study, Wafaa Mohamed El-Sehly, Fatma Mohamed Magdy Badr El Dine, Mohamed Samir Shaban
Ontogenesis Of The Sella Turcica Among Egyptians: Forensic And Radiological Study, Wafaa Mohamed El-Sehly, Fatma Mohamed Magdy Badr El Dine, Mohamed Samir Shaban
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Introduction: The sella turcica has gained importance as a stable bony landmark in cephalometric studies.
Aim of the work: The aim of the work was to explore the changes that accompany postnatal ontogeny of the sella turcica until full development, and to verify its contribution in age estimation and sexual assignment among Egyptians.
Subjects and methods: Six selected measurements of the sella turcica of 215 Egyptian patients were assessed using Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT). The patients represented different ages and were referred to the Radiodiagnosis and Intervention Department. The gathered data were then subjected to statistical analysis including correlation and …
Genetic Variants Of Duffy And Hemoglobin S Genes In An Afrodescendent Population From Columbia, Diana C. Ortega, Heiber Cardenas, Guillermo Barreto
Genetic Variants Of Duffy And Hemoglobin S Genes In An Afrodescendent Population From Columbia, Diana C. Ortega, Heiber Cardenas, Guillermo Barreto
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Malaria is an endemic disease in a large part of Colombia, and the city of Buenaventura reports one of the highest malaria infection rates. Some genetic variants confer resistance to malaria, such as the heterozygote for hemoglobin S (HbS) and the homozygous variant FYBES/FYBES of the Duffy gene. The aim of this work was the molecular characterization of these genes in an afrodescendent population from the urban area of Buenaventura. A total of 819 individuals from a stratified random sampling in each of the 12 communities of this city were analysed. Molecular analysis was performed using PCR-RFLP, …
Complexity, Genetic Causation, And Hereditarianism, Charles Roseman
Complexity, Genetic Causation, And Hereditarianism, Charles Roseman
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Hereditarians have claimed that recent advances in psychological and psychiatric genetics support their contention that individual and group socially important aspects of behavior and cognition are largely insensitive to environmental context. This has been countered by anti- hereditarians who (correctly) claim that the conclusion of genetic ineluctability is false. Anti- hereditarians, however, sometimes use problematic arguments based on complexity and the ignorance that comes with complexity and a demand for mechanistic, as opposed to variational, explanations for the ways in which genes affect phenotype. I argue here, as a committed anti-hereditarian, that the complexity gambit and the demand for mechanisms …
Probability, Populations, Phylogenetics And Hominin Speciation, Niccolo Caldararo
Probability, Populations, Phylogenetics And Hominin Speciation, Niccolo Caldararo
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
A number of recent articles have appeared on the hominin Denisova fossil remains. Many of them focus on attempts to produce DNA sequences from the extracted samples. Often these project mtDNA sequences from the fossil remains of a number of Neandertal fossils and the Denisovans in an attempt to understand the evolution of Mid Pleistocene human ancestors. These papers, introduce a number of problems in the interpretation of speciation in hominins. One concerns the degradation of the ancient DNA and its interpretation as authentic genetic information. Another concerns the idea of “species” versus that of “population” and the use of …
The Development And Use Of Computational Tools In Forensic Science, Dennis E. Slice
The Development And Use Of Computational Tools In Forensic Science, Dennis E. Slice
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Modern computational resources make available a rich toolkit of statistical methods that can be applied to forensic questions. This toolkit is built on the foundation of statistical developments dating back to the 19th century. To fully and effectively exploit these developments, both the makers and users of software must be keenly aware of the quality, i.e., the accuracy and precision, of the data being modeled or analyzed, and end-users must be sufficiently familiar with the underlying theory to understand the process and results of any analysis or software they use. This is especially important for medico-legal personnel who might be …
Age-At-Death Estimation For Modern Populations In Mexico And Puerto Rico Through The Use Of 3d Laser Scans Of The Pubic Symphysis, Cristina Figueroa Soto, Bridget F.B. Algee-Hewitt, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Dennis E. Slice, Dawnie W. Steadman
Age-At-Death Estimation For Modern Populations In Mexico And Puerto Rico Through The Use Of 3d Laser Scans Of The Pubic Symphysis, Cristina Figueroa Soto, Bridget F.B. Algee-Hewitt, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Dennis E. Slice, Dawnie W. Steadman
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Reliable age-at-death estimates from the adult skeleton is of fundamental importance in forensic anthropology, as it contributes to the identity parameters used in a medico-legal death investigation. However, reliable estimates are made difficult by the fact that many traditional aging methods are dependent upon a set of population-specific criteria derived from individuals of European and African descent. The absence of information on the potential differences in the aging patterns of underrepresented, especially Hispanic populations, may hinder our efforts to produce useful age-at-death estimates. In response to these concerns, this study explores the utility of currently available aging techniques, and explores …
Oxygen And Hydrogen Isotopes In Human Hair And Tap Water: Modeling Relationships In A Modern Mexican Population, Chelsey A. Juarez, Robin Ramey, David T. Flaherty, Belinda Akpa
Oxygen And Hydrogen Isotopes In Human Hair And Tap Water: Modeling Relationships In A Modern Mexican Population, Chelsey A. Juarez, Robin Ramey, David T. Flaherty, Belinda Akpa
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
This study investigates the relationship between O and H isotopes in samples of Mexican hair and drinking water. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to quantify the relationship between isotopes in Mexican hair and tap water to understand the impact of water stress and differing socioeconomic status on accurate predictions of drinking water. Second, we wanted to determine whether currently existing semi mechanistic models could accurately represent the relationship between hair and tap water. For this study, we used a subset of paired (N = 62) human hair and (N = 76) tap water samples. Isotope …
Neanderthal And Woolly Mammoth Molecular Resemblance: Genetic Similarities Might Underlie Cold Adaptation Suite, Meidad Kislev, Ran Barkai
Neanderthal And Woolly Mammoth Molecular Resemblance: Genetic Similarities Might Underlie Cold Adaptation Suite, Meidad Kislev, Ran Barkai
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
With the ongoing growth of gene-based research in recent decades, the possibility of examining changes that have taken place in structures over the course of evolution has become increasingly accessible. One intriguing subject at the forefront of evolutionary research is that of how environmental pressures affect species evolution through epigenetic adaptation. In this paper we present the available molecular components of adaptation to cold environments in two extinct mammals – the woolly mammoth and the Neanderthal. These two species co-existed in similar geographic and environmental European settings during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene and both were direct descendants of African …
Population Identifiability From Forensic Genetic Markers: Ancestry Variation In Latin America, Cris E. Hughes, Bridget F.B. Algee-Hewitt, Lyle Konigsberg
Population Identifiability From Forensic Genetic Markers: Ancestry Variation In Latin America, Cris E. Hughes, Bridget F.B. Algee-Hewitt, Lyle Konigsberg
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) loci are a standard microsatellite marker set widely used for distinguishing among individuals in forensic DNA identity testing for medico-legal casework in the United States and in other countries. In anthropological genetic research, CODIS markers have become an important tool for uses extending beyond case investigations to quantify ancestry proportions, reveals patterns of admixture and trace population histories. These investigations are especially prevalent in studies of Latin American population structure. Nevertheless, the accuracy of the ancestry estimates computed from the CODIS loci for highly admixed Latino populations has not been formally tested. Long-standing arguments …