Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Anthropocene (2)
- Body condition (2)
- Evidence-based conservation (2)
- Invasive species (2)
- Migration (2)
-
- Pragmatism (2)
- Public outreach (2)
- Resilience (2)
- Stable isotopes (2)
- Acoustic communication (1)
- Alpha diversity (1)
- Antagonistic (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Arctic (1)
- Area-restricted search (1)
- Beta diversity (1)
- Bioaccumulation (1)
- Biomagnificaiton (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Black-capped chickadee (1)
- Breeding success (1)
- Carbon (1)
- Carryover (1)
- Charr (1)
- Claw (1)
- Coastal (1)
- Commercial fish (1)
- Complement (1)
- Cryptic female choice (1)
- Embryogenesis (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Neutral Genetic Variation In Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Affects Brain-To-Body Trade-Off And Brain Laterality, Mallory L. Wiper, Sarah J. Lehnert, Daniel D. Heath, Dennis M. Higgs
Neutral Genetic Variation In Adult Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Affects Brain-To-Body Trade-Off And Brain Laterality, Mallory L. Wiper, Sarah J. Lehnert, Daniel D. Heath, Dennis M. Higgs
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
Low levels of heterozygosity can have detrimental effects on life history and growth characteristics of organisms but more subtle effects such as those on trade-offs of expensive tissues and morphological laterality, especially of the brain, have not been explicitly tested. The objective of the current study was to investigate how estimated differences in heterozygosity may potentially affect brain-to-body trade-offs and to explore how these heterozygosity differences may affect differential brain growth, focusing on directional asymmetry in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) using the laterality and absolute laterality indices. Level of inbreeding was estimated as mean microsatellite heterozygosity resulting …
Environmental Dna Detection Of Rare And Invasive Fish Species In Two Great Lakes Tributaries, Katherine D. Balasingham, Ryan P. Walter, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Daniel D. Heath
Environmental Dna Detection Of Rare And Invasive Fish Species In Two Great Lakes Tributaries, Katherine D. Balasingham, Ryan P. Walter, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Daniel D. Heath
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
The extraction and characterization of DNA from aquatic environmental samples offers an alternative, non-invasive approach for the detection of rare species. Environmental DNA, coupled with PCR and next-generation sequencing (“metabarcoding”), has proven to be very sensitive for the detection of rare aquatic species. Our study used a custom designed group-specific primer set and next-generation sequencing for the detection of three species at risk; (Eastern Sand Darter, Ammocrypta pellucida; Northern Madtom, Noturus stigmosus; and Silver Shiner, Notropis photogenis), one invasive species (Round Goby, Neogobius melanostomus) and an additional 78 native species from two large Great Lakes tributary rivers in southern Ontario, …
Mercury Exposure And Short-Term Consequences On Physiology And Reproduction In Antarctic Petrels, Alice Carravieri, Jérôme Fort, Arnaud Tarroux, Yves Cherel, Oliver P. Love, Solène Prieur, Maud Brault-Favrou, Paco Bustamante, Sébastien Descamps
Mercury Exposure And Short-Term Consequences On Physiology And Reproduction In Antarctic Petrels, Alice Carravieri, Jérôme Fort, Arnaud Tarroux, Yves Cherel, Oliver P. Love, Solène Prieur, Maud Brault-Favrou, Paco Bustamante, Sébastien Descamps
Biological Sciences Publications
Mercury (Hg) is a pervasive contaminant reaching Antarctic environments through atmospheric transport and deposition. Seabirds as meso to top predators can accumulate high quantities of Hg through diet. Reproduction is one of the most sensitive endpoints of Hg toxicity in marine birds. Yet, few studies have explored Hg exposure and effects in Antarctic seabirds, where increasing environmental perturbations challenge animal populations. This study focuses on the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica from Svarthamaren, Antarctica, where the world's largest breeding population is thought to be in decline. Hg and the stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C, proxy of feeding habitat) and nitrogen (δ15N, …
Combining Ballast Water Treatment And Ballast Water Exchange: Reducing Colonization Pressure And Propagule Pressure Of Phytoplankton Organisms, Esteban M. Paolucci, Leila Ron, Hugh J. Macissaac
Combining Ballast Water Treatment And Ballast Water Exchange: Reducing Colonization Pressure And Propagule Pressure Of Phytoplankton Organisms, Esteban M. Paolucci, Leila Ron, Hugh J. Macissaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Species richness and species abundance (colonization pressure and propagule pressure, respectively) are commonly used to characterize invasion risk for ballast-water-mediated introductions, which can be high if either parameter is high. For practical reasons, the adopted IMO-D2 standard for organisms in discharged ballast water only considers total abundance of biological indicators, without consideration of species richness or source community. Here we explore the effect of ballast-water source, ballast water exchange, chlorination, or a combination of both (hybrid treatment) on both colonization pressure and propagule pressure for one IMO-D2 size class (≥10 µm and <50 >µm; phytoplankton). A strong reduction of propagule pressure …
Environmental And Genetic Determinants Of Transcriptional Plasticity In Chinook Salmon, Kyle W. Wellband, John W. Heath, Daniel D. Heath
Environmental And Genetic Determinants Of Transcriptional Plasticity In Chinook Salmon, Kyle W. Wellband, John W. Heath, Daniel D. Heath
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
Variation in gene transcription is widely believed to be the mechanistic basis of phenotypically plastic traits; however, comparatively little is known about the inheritance patterns of transcriptional variation that would allow us to predict its response to selection. In addition, acclimation to different environmental conditions influences acute transcriptional responses to stress and it is unclear if these effects are heritable. To address these gaps in knowledge, we assayed levels of messenger RNA for 14 candidate genes at rest and in response to a 24-h confinement stress for 72 half-sib families of Chinook salmon reared in two different environments (hatchery and …
Integrating Techniques: A Review Of The Effects Of Anthropogenic Noise On Freshwater Fish, Megan Mickle, Dennis M. Higgs
Integrating Techniques: A Review Of The Effects Of Anthropogenic Noise On Freshwater Fish, Megan Mickle, Dennis M. Higgs
Biological Sciences Publications
In recent years, the effects of anthropogenic noise on freshwater fish has been of increasing interest for fishery managers due to rising levels of this background noise. While it is clear that anthropogenic noise can have important impacts on mammals and marine fish, much less is known about these effects in fresh water. The influence of anthropogenic noise on freshwater fish can be quantified using the same methods as with marine species — through measuring changes in behavioural and physiological outputs. Here, we briefly review the literature regarding behavioural and physiological impacts of noise pollution on freshwater fish and further …
Sperm Competition, But Not Major Histocompatibility Divergence, Drive Differential Fertilization Success Between Alternative Reproductive Tactics In Chinook Salmon, Sarah J. Lehnert, Leila Helou, Trevor E. Pitcher, J. W. Heath, Daniel Heath
Sperm Competition, But Not Major Histocompatibility Divergence, Drive Differential Fertilization Success Between Alternative Reproductive Tactics In Chinook Salmon, Sarah J. Lehnert, Leila Helou, Trevor E. Pitcher, J. W. Heath, Daniel Heath
Biological Sciences Publications
Post-copulatory sexual selection processes, including sperm competition and cryptic female choice (CFC), can operate based on major histocompatibility (MH) genes. We investigated sperm competition between male alternative reproductive tactics (jack (sneaker) and hooknose (guard)) of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Using a full factorial design, we examined in vitro competitive fertilization success of paired jack and hooknose males at three time points after sperm activation (0, 15 and 60 seconds) to test for male competition, CFC and time effects on male fertilization success. We also examined egg-mediated CFC at two MH genes by examining both the relationship between competitive fertilization success …
Invasion Science: Looking Forward Rather Than Revisiting Old Ground – A Reply To Zenni Et Al., Anthony Ricciardi, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Jamie T.A. Dick, Philip E. Hulme, Josephine C. Iacarella, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Andrew M. Liebhold, Julie L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Gregory M. Ruiz, Daniel Simberloff, William J. Sutherland, David A. Wardle, David C. Aldridge
Invasion Science: Looking Forward Rather Than Revisiting Old Ground – A Reply To Zenni Et Al., Anthony Ricciardi, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Jamie T.A. Dick, Philip E. Hulme, Josephine C. Iacarella, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Andrew M. Liebhold, Julie L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Gregory M. Ruiz, Daniel Simberloff, William J. Sutherland, David A. Wardle, David C. Aldridge
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Stable Isotopes Can Be Used To Infer The Overwintering Locations Of Prebreeding Marine Birds In The Canadian Arctic, Rolanda J. Steenweg, Glenn T. Crossin, T. Kurt Kyser, Flemming R. Merkel, Hugh G. Gilchrist, Holly L. Hennin, Gregory J. Robertson, Jennifer F. Provencher, Joanna M. Flemming, Oliver P. Love
Stable Isotopes Can Be Used To Infer The Overwintering Locations Of Prebreeding Marine Birds In The Canadian Arctic, Rolanda J. Steenweg, Glenn T. Crossin, T. Kurt Kyser, Flemming R. Merkel, Hugh G. Gilchrist, Holly L. Hennin, Gregory J. Robertson, Jennifer F. Provencher, Joanna M. Flemming, Oliver P. Love
Biological Sciences Publications
Although assessments of winter carryover effects on fitness-related breeding parameters are vital for determining the links between environmental variation and fitness, direct methods of determining overwintering distributions (e.g., electronic tracking) can be expensive, limiting the number of individuals studied. Alternatively, stable isotope analysis in specific tissues can be used as an indirect means of determining individual overwintering areas of residency. Although increasingly used to infer the overwintering distributions of terrestrial birds, stable isotopes have been used less often to infer overwintering areas of marine birds. Using Arctic-breeding common eiders, we test the effectiveness of an integrated stable isotope approach (13-carbon, …
Conservation Of Reef Manta Rays (Manta Alfredi) In A Unesco World Heritage Site: Large-Scale Island Development Or Sustainable Tourism?, S. T. Kessel, Nasreldin Alhasan Elamin, David James Yurkowski, T. Chekchak, Ryan P. Walter, R. Klaus, Graham Hill, Nigel E. Hussey
Conservation Of Reef Manta Rays (Manta Alfredi) In A Unesco World Heritage Site: Large-Scale Island Development Or Sustainable Tourism?, S. T. Kessel, Nasreldin Alhasan Elamin, David James Yurkowski, T. Chekchak, Ryan P. Walter, R. Klaus, Graham Hill, Nigel E. Hussey
Biological Sciences Publications
A large reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) aggregation has been observed off the north Sudanese Red Sea coast since the 1950s. Sightings have been predominantly within the boundaries of a marine protected area (MPA), which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2016. Contrasting economic development trajectories have been proposed for the area (small-scale ecotourism and large-scale island development). To examine space-use, Wildlife Computers® SPOT 5 tags were secured to three manta rays. A two-state switching Bayesian state space model (BSSM), that allowed movement parameters to switch between resident and travelling, was fit to the …
Dispersal Influences Genetic And Acoustic Spatial Structure For Both Males And Females In A Tropical Songbird, Brendan Graham, Daniel D. Heath, Daniel J. Mennill
Dispersal Influences Genetic And Acoustic Spatial Structure For Both Males And Females In A Tropical Songbird, Brendan Graham, Daniel D. Heath, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
Animals exhibit diverse dispersal strategies, including sex-biased dispersal, a phenomenon common in vertebrates. Dispersal influences the genetic structure of populations as well as geographic variation in phenotypic traits. Patterns of spatial genetic structure and geographic variation may vary between the sexes whenever males and females exhibit different dispersal behaviors. Here, we examine dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and spatial acoustic structure in Rufous-and-white Wrens, a year-round resident tropical bird. Both sexes sing in this species, allowing us to compare acoustic variation between males and females and examine the relationship between dispersal and song sharing for both sexes. Using a long-term dataset …
Higher Colonization Pressure Increases The Risk Of Sustaining Invasion By Invasive Non-Indigenous Species, Hugh J. Macissaac, Mattias L. Johansson
Higher Colonization Pressure Increases The Risk Of Sustaining Invasion By Invasive Non-Indigenous Species, Hugh J. Macissaac, Mattias L. Johansson
Biological Sciences Publications
Considerable attention has been focused on the concept of Propagule Pressure (number of individuals introduced and introduction events) as a predictor of invasion success (975 papers). Much less well studied is the role of Colonization Pressure (number of species introduced; 24 studies), the complement of propagule pressure. Here we review the invasion history of the Laurentian Great Lakes to predict the risk of a future invasive (i.e. producing adverse ecological effects on other species) non-indigenous species based upon the number of species introduced (colonization pressure), using the recorded history of invasions in this system as our starting point. Historically, 52% …
Xenopus Pitx3 Target Genes Lhx1 And Xnr5 Are Identified Using A Novel Three-Fluor Flow Cytometry–Based Analysis Of Promoter Activation And Repression, Lara Nicole Hooker, Cristine Smoczer, Samuel Abbott, Mohamed Fakhereddin, John W. Hudson, Michael J. Crawford
Xenopus Pitx3 Target Genes Lhx1 And Xnr5 Are Identified Using A Novel Three-Fluor Flow Cytometry–Based Analysis Of Promoter Activation And Repression, Lara Nicole Hooker, Cristine Smoczer, Samuel Abbott, Mohamed Fakhereddin, John W. Hudson, Michael J. Crawford
Biological Sciences Publications
Background: Pitx3 plays a well understood role in directing development of lens, muscle fiber, and dopaminergic neurons; however, in Xenopus laevis, it may also play a role in early gastrulation and somitogenesis. Potential downstream targets of pitx3 possess multiple binding motifs that would not be readily accessible by conventional promoter analysis. Results: We isolated and characterized pitx3 target genes lhx1 and xnr5 using a novel three-fluor flow cytometry tool that was designed to dissect promoters with multiple binding sites for the same transcription factor. This approach was calibrated using a known pitx3 target gene, Tyrosine hydroxylase. Conclusions: We demonstrate how …
Differential Invasion Success In Aquatic Invasive Species: The Role Of Within- And Among-Population Genetic Diversity, Kyle W. Wellband, Harri Pettitt-Wade, Aaron T. Fisk, Daniel D. Heath
Differential Invasion Success In Aquatic Invasive Species: The Role Of Within- And Among-Population Genetic Diversity, Kyle W. Wellband, Harri Pettitt-Wade, Aaron T. Fisk, Daniel D. Heath
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
© 2017, Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland. Despite a well-developed theoretical basis for the role of genetic diversity in the colonization process, contemporary investigations of genetic diversity in biological invasions have downplayed its importance. Observed reductions in genetic diversity have been argued to have a limited effect on the success of establishment and impact based on empirical studies; however, those studies rarely include assessment of failed or comparatively less-successful biological invasions. We address this gap by comparing genetic diversity at microsatellite loci for taxonomically and geographically paired aquatic invasive species. Our four species pairs contain one highly successful and one …
Integrating Ecological And Evolutionary Context In The Study Of Maternal Stress, Michael J. Sheriff, Alison Bell, Rudy Boonstra, Ben Dantzer, Sophia G. Lavergne, Katie E. Mcghee, Kirsty J. Macleod, Laurane Winandy, Cedric Zimmer, Oliver P. Love
Integrating Ecological And Evolutionary Context In The Study Of Maternal Stress, Michael J. Sheriff, Alison Bell, Rudy Boonstra, Ben Dantzer, Sophia G. Lavergne, Katie E. Mcghee, Kirsty J. Macleod, Laurane Winandy, Cedric Zimmer, Oliver P. Love
Integrative Biology Publications
Maternal stress can prenatally influence offspring phenotypes and there are an increasing number of ecological studies that are bringing to bear biomedical findings to natural systems. This is resulting in a shift from the perspective that maternal stress is unanimously costly, to one in which maternal stress may be beneficial to offspring. However, this adaptive perspective is in its infancy with much progress to still be made in understanding the role of maternal stress in natural systems. Our aim is to emphasize the importance of the ecological and evolutionary context within which adaptive hypotheses of maternal stress can be evaluated. …
The Effects Of Stimulus Parameters On Auditory Evoked Potentials Of Carassius Auratus, Jessica R. Garabon, Dennis M. Higgs
The Effects Of Stimulus Parameters On Auditory Evoked Potentials Of Carassius Auratus, Jessica R. Garabon, Dennis M. Higgs
Biological Sciences Publications
Whole-brain responses to sound are easily measured through auditory evoked potentials (AEP), but it is unclear how differences in experimental parameters affect these responses. The effect of varying parameters is especially unclear in fish studies, the majority of which use simple sound types and then extrapolate to natural conditions. The current study investigated AEPs in goldfish (Carassius auratus) using sounds of different durations (5, 10, and 20 ms) and frequencies (200, 500, 600 and 700 Hz) to test stimulus effects on latency and thresholds. We quantified differences in latency and threshold in comparison to a 10-ms test tone, a duration …
Bioaccumulation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) In Atlantic Sea Bream (Archosargus Rhomboidalis) From Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, Ann-Teneil O'Connor, Dwight Robinson, Tara P. Dasgupta, Aaron T. Fisk, Ken G. Drouillard
Bioaccumulation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs) In Atlantic Sea Bream (Archosargus Rhomboidalis) From Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, Ann-Teneil O'Connor, Dwight Robinson, Tara P. Dasgupta, Aaron T. Fisk, Ken G. Drouillard
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
Multiple sizes of Sea bream were collected from Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, to assess steady state bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a tropical fish. Sea beam fork lengths ranged from 7.3-21.5 cm (n=36 fish) and tissue lipids decreased with body length. Larger fish had lower δ13C isotopes compared to smaller fish, suggesting a change in diet. Linear regressions showed no differences in lipid equivalent sum PCB concentrations with size. However, differences in individual congener bioaccumulation trajectories occurred. Less hydrophobic PCBs decreased with increasing body length, intermediate PCBs showed no trend, whereas highly hydrophobic (above log KOW of …
Pathomimetic Avatars Reveal Divergent Roles Of Microenvironment In Invasive Transition Of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Mansoureh Sameni, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Omar E. E. Franco, Anita Chalasani, Kyungmin Ji, Neha Aggarwal, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Xuequn Chen, Raymond R. Mattingly, Simon W. Hayward, Bonnie F. Sloane
Pathomimetic Avatars Reveal Divergent Roles Of Microenvironment In Invasive Transition Of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Mansoureh Sameni, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Omar E. E. Franco, Anita Chalasani, Kyungmin Ji, Neha Aggarwal, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Xuequn Chen, Raymond R. Mattingly, Simon W. Hayward, Bonnie F. Sloane
Biological Sciences Publications
The breast tumor microenvironment regulates progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, it is unclear how interactions between breast epithelial and stromal cells can drive this progression and whether there are reliable microenvironmental biomarkers to predict transition of DCIS to IDC.
Evidence Of Sound Production By Spawning Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaycush) In Lakes Huron And Champlain, Nicholas S. Johnson, Dennis M. Higgs, Thomas R. Binder, Ellen J. Marsden, Tyler J. Buchinger, Steven Farha, Charles C. Krueger
Evidence Of Sound Production By Spawning Lake Trout (Salvelinus Namaycush) In Lakes Huron And Champlain, Nicholas S. Johnson, Dennis M. Higgs, Thomas R. Binder, Ellen J. Marsden, Tyler J. Buchinger, Steven Farha, Charles C. Krueger
Biological Sciences Publications
Two sounds associated with spawning lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in lakes Huron and Champlain were characterized by comparing sound recordings with behavioral data collected using acoustic telemetry and video. These sounds were named “growls” and “snaps” and were heard on lake trout spawning reefs, but not on a nonspawning reef, and were more common at night than during the day. Growls also occurred more often during the spawning period than the prespawning period, while the trend for snaps was reversed. In a laboratory flume, sounds occurred when male lake trout were displaying spawning behaviors: growls when males were …
Costs Of Reproduction And Carry-Over Effects In Breeding Albatrosses, Glenn T. Crossin, Richard A. Phillips, Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero, Xavier Bordeleau, Christopher M. Harris, Oliver P. Love, Tony D. Williams
Costs Of Reproduction And Carry-Over Effects In Breeding Albatrosses, Glenn T. Crossin, Richard A. Phillips, Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero, Xavier Bordeleau, Christopher M. Harris, Oliver P. Love, Tony D. Williams
Integrative Biology Publications
We investigated the physiology of two closely related albatross species relative to their breeding strategy: black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) breed annually, while grey-headed albatrosses (T. chrysostoma) breed biennially. From observations of breeding fate and blood samples collected at the end of breeding in one season and feather corticosterone levels (fCort) sampled at the beginning of the next breeding season, we found that in both species some post-breeding physiological parameters differed according to breeding outcome (successful, failed, deferred). Correlations between post-breeding physiology and fCort, and links to future breeding decisions, were examined. In black-browed albatrosses, post-breeding physiology and fCort were not …
Spring Phenology Shapes The Spatial Foraging Behavior Of Antarctic Petrels, Per Fauchald, Arnaud Tarroux, Torkild Tveraa, Yves Cherel, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Akiko Kato, Oliver P. Love, ∅Ystein Varpe, Sébastien Descamps
Spring Phenology Shapes The Spatial Foraging Behavior Of Antarctic Petrels, Per Fauchald, Arnaud Tarroux, Torkild Tveraa, Yves Cherel, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Akiko Kato, Oliver P. Love, ∅Ystein Varpe, Sébastien Descamps
Integrative Biology Publications
In polar seas, the seasonal melting of ice triggers the development of an open-water ecosystem characterized by short-lived algal blooms, the grazing and development of zooplankton, and the influx of avian and mammalian predators. Spatial heterogeneity in the timing of ice melt generates temporal variability in the development of these events across the habitat, offering a natural framework to assess how foraging marine predators respond to the spring phenology. We combined 4 yr of tracking data of Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica with synoptic remote-sensing data on sea ice and chlorophyll a to test how the development of melting ice and …
Conservation Physiology And The Quest For A ‘Good’ Anthropocene, Christine L. Madliger, Craig E. Franklin, Kevin R. Hultine, Mark Van Kleunen, Robert J. Lennox, Oliver P. Love, Jodie L. Rummer, Steven J. Cooke
Conservation Physiology And The Quest For A ‘Good’ Anthropocene, Christine L. Madliger, Craig E. Franklin, Kevin R. Hultine, Mark Van Kleunen, Robert J. Lennox, Oliver P. Love, Jodie L. Rummer, Steven J. Cooke
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
It has been proposed that we are now living in a new geological epoch known as the Anthropocene, which is specifically defined by the impacts that humans are having on the Earth’s biological diversity and geology. Although the proposal of this term was borne out of an acknowledgement of the negative changes we are imparting on the globe (e.g. climate change, pollution, coastal erosion, species extinctions), there has recently been action amongst a variety of disciplines aimed at achieving a ‘good Anthropocene’ that strives to balance societal needs and the preservation of the natural world. Here, we outline ways that …
Conservation Physiology And The Quest For A ‘Good’ Anthropocene, Christine L. Madliger, Craig E. Franklin, Kevin R. Hultine, Mark Van Kleunen, Robert J. Lennox, Oliver P. Love, Jodie L. Rummer, Steven J. Cooke
Conservation Physiology And The Quest For A ‘Good’ Anthropocene, Christine L. Madliger, Craig E. Franklin, Kevin R. Hultine, Mark Van Kleunen, Robert J. Lennox, Oliver P. Love, Jodie L. Rummer, Steven J. Cooke
Integrative Biology Publications
It has been proposed that we are now living in a new geological epoch known as the Anthropocene, which is specifically defined by the impacts that humans are having on the Earth’s biological diversity and geology. Although the proposal of this term was borne out of an acknowledgement of the negative changes we are imparting on the globe (e.g. climate change, pollution, coastal erosion, species extinctions), there has recently been action amongst a variety of disciplines aimed at achieving a ‘good Anthropocene’ that strives to balance societal needs and the preservation of the natural world. Here, we outline ways that …
Chickadees Faced With Unpredictable Food Increase Fat Reserves But Certain Components Of Their Immune Function Decline, Emily A. Cornelius, François Vézina, Lyette Regimbald, Fanny Hallot, Magali Petit, Oliver P. Love, William H. Karasov
Chickadees Faced With Unpredictable Food Increase Fat Reserves But Certain Components Of Their Immune Function Decline, Emily A. Cornelius, François Vézina, Lyette Regimbald, Fanny Hallot, Magali Petit, Oliver P. Love, William H. Karasov
Integrative Biology Publications
In winter, temperate resident birds are often faced with periodic low natural food availability. This reduction or unpredictability in resource availability might then have a negative impact on immune function, given that immune system support is highly resource dependent. We investigated the balance between energetic and immune management in captive black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilus) by manipulating the predictability of resources. The control group received food ad lib. every day, while the experimental group received a reduced amount of food on random days and food ad lib. on all other days. We measured two key metrics of energetic management (body and …
Assessing Sexual Dicromatism: The Importance Of Proper Parameterization In Tetrachromatic Visual Models, Pierre-Paul Bitton, Kevyn Janisse, Stéphanie M. Doucet
Assessing Sexual Dicromatism: The Importance Of Proper Parameterization In Tetrachromatic Visual Models, Pierre-Paul Bitton, Kevyn Janisse, Stéphanie M. Doucet
Biological Sciences Publications
Perceptual models of animal vision have greatly contributed to our understanding of animal-animal and plant-animal communication. The receptor-noise model of color contrasts has been central to this research as it quantifies the difference between two colors for any visual system of interest. However, if the properties of the visual system are unknown, assumptions regarding parameter values must be made, generally with unknown consequences. In this study, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the receptor-noise model using avian visual system parameters to systematically investigate the influence of variation in light environment, photoreceptor sensitivities, photoreceptor densities, and light transmission properties of the …
Odorant Organization In The Olfactory Bulb Of The Sea Lamprey, Warren W. Green, Karl Boyes, Charrie Mcfadden, Gheylen Daghfous, François Auclair, Huiming Zhang, Weiming Li, Réjean Dubuc, Barbara Zielinski
Odorant Organization In The Olfactory Bulb Of The Sea Lamprey, Warren W. Green, Karl Boyes, Charrie Mcfadden, Gheylen Daghfous, François Auclair, Huiming Zhang, Weiming Li, Réjean Dubuc, Barbara Zielinski
Biological Sciences Publications
Skip to Next Section Olfactory sensory neurons innervate the olfactory bulb, where responses to different odorants generate a chemotopic map of increased neural activity within different bulbar regions. In this study, insight into the basal pattern of neural organization of the vertebrate olfactory bulb was gained by investigating the lamprey. Retrograde labelling established that lateral and dorsal bulbar territories receive the axons of sensory neurons broadly distributed in the main olfactory epithelium and that the medial region receives sensory neuron input only from neurons projecting from the accessory olfactory organ. The response duration for local field potential recordings was similar …
Organization Of Glomerular Territories In The Olfactory Bulb Of Post-Embryonic Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Cory L. Ochs, Tina Suntres, Alexandra Zygowska, Trevor E. Pitcher, Barbara Zielinski
Organization Of Glomerular Territories In The Olfactory Bulb Of Post-Embryonic Wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Cory L. Ochs, Tina Suntres, Alexandra Zygowska, Trevor E. Pitcher, Barbara Zielinski
Biological Sciences Publications
The post-embryonic odor imprinting paradigm suggests Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) acquire memory to stream-specific amino acid olfactory odors prior to emergence as fry. Because effects of olfactory experience on development can be examined by mapping olfactory sensory neurons extending into distinct territories of glomerular neuropil in the olfactory bulb, glomerular patterning from early yolk-sac larva to fry was documented in wild salmonids, a temporal scale not yet thoroughly explored. Labeling olfactory sensory neurons with anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (anti-KLH) revealed seven spatially conserved glomerular territories visible at hatch and well established by the late yolk-sac larva developmental stage. Because of the …
A Population-Level Analysis Of Morning Song: Exploring The Implications For Point Counts, Jennifer R. Foote, Lauren P. Fitzsimmons, Lynnea M. Lobert, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, Daniel J. Mennill
A Population-Level Analysis Of Morning Song: Exploring The Implications For Point Counts, Jennifer R. Foote, Lauren P. Fitzsimmons, Lynnea M. Lobert, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
Point counts are widely used for conducting ecological surveys of wild birds. Vocal output of birds varies with time of day, and therefore the results of ecological surveys should also vary with time of day. We modeled how males’ singing rates change over the morning. We calculated song rates in 3 min sampling periods (the standard sampling period used by the North American Breeding Bird Survey) and compared how detection rates vary as sampling period increases. We recorded singing activity in 15 neighbourhoods of breeding Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) with 16-element microphone arrays that recorded every song from every male …
Attenuation And Modification Of The Ballast Water Microbial Community During Voyages Into The Canadian Arctic, M. L. Johansson, S. R. Chaganti, N. Simard, K. Howland, G. Winkler, A. Rochon, F. Laget, P. Tremblay, Daniel D. Heath, Hugh J. Macisaac
Attenuation And Modification Of The Ballast Water Microbial Community During Voyages Into The Canadian Arctic, M. L. Johansson, S. R. Chaganti, N. Simard, K. Howland, G. Winkler, A. Rochon, F. Laget, P. Tremblay, Daniel D. Heath, Hugh J. Macisaac
Biological Sciences Publications
Aim: Ballast water is a major vector of non-indigenous species introductions world-wide. Our understanding of population dynamics of organisms entrained in ballast is largely limited to studies of zooplankton and phytoplankton. Bacteria are more numerous and diverse than zooplankton or phytoplankton, yet remain comparatively understudied. We apply a metagenomics approach to characterize changes in the microbial ballast water community over the course of three voyages on one ship, and assess the effects of ballast water exchange (BWE), spring/summer sampling month and time since voyage start. Location: Quebec City and Deception Bay, Quebec, and the coastal marine region offshore of eastern …
Invader Relative Impact Potential: A New Metric To Understand And Predict The Ecological Impacts Of Existing, Emerging And Future Invasive Alien Species, J. T.A. Dick, C. Laverty, J. J. Lennon, D. Barrios-O'Neill, P. J. Mensink, Robert J. Britton, V. Médoc, P. Boets, M. E. Alexander, N. G. Taylor, A. M. Dunn, M. J. Hatcher, P. J. Rosewarne, S. Crookes, Hugh J. Macisaac, M. Xu, A. Ricciardi, R. J. Wasserman, B. R. Ellender, O. L.F. Weyl, F. E. Lucy, P. B. Banks, J. A. Dodd, C. Macneil, M. R. Penk, D. C. Aldridge, J. M. Caffrey
Invader Relative Impact Potential: A New Metric To Understand And Predict The Ecological Impacts Of Existing, Emerging And Future Invasive Alien Species, J. T.A. Dick, C. Laverty, J. J. Lennon, D. Barrios-O'Neill, P. J. Mensink, Robert J. Britton, V. Médoc, P. Boets, M. E. Alexander, N. G. Taylor, A. M. Dunn, M. J. Hatcher, P. J. Rosewarne, S. Crookes, Hugh J. Macisaac, M. Xu, A. Ricciardi, R. J. Wasserman, B. R. Ellender, O. L.F. Weyl, F. E. Lucy, P. B. Banks, J. A. Dodd, C. Macneil, M. R. Penk, D. C. Aldridge, J. M. Caffrey
Biological Sciences Publications
Predictions of the identities and ecological impacts of invasive alien species are critical for risk assessment, but presently we lack universal and standardized metrics that reliably predict the likelihood and degree of impact of such invaders (i.e. measurable changes in populations of affected species). This need is especially pressing for emerging and potential future invaders that have no invasion history. Such a metric would also ideally apply across diverse taxonomic and trophic groups. We derive a new metric of invader ecological impact that blends: (i) the classic Functional Response (FR; consumer per capita effect) and Numerical Response (NR; consumer population …