Life Sciences Commons^™

Influence Of Nitrogen Fertilizer And Foliar Application Of Salicylic Acid On Wheat, Omar Maghawri Ibrahim Hassan Dr.

Dr. Omar Maghawri Ibrahim

Two cemented plots experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, Soil Salinity Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt, to study the effect of three levels of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 50, 100 ppm) and three rates of nitrogen fertilizer (75, 100, 125 kg N/feddan) on yield and yield components of wheat (Sakha 93). The experimental design was split plot with four replicates. The results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates resulted in significant increase in plant height (cm), number of grain/spike, number of spikes/m2, 1000 grain weight (gm), grain yield (gm/plot), straw yield (gm/plot), and biological yield (gm/plot). …

Effect Of Post-Anthesis Fungicide Applications To Manage Fusarium Head Blight In Winter Wheat, Anna Noversoke

Open Access Theses

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is currently considered one of the most economically important diseases on wheat in the North Central United States. The fungus causes light-weight "tombstone" grains to form and produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), reducing the yield and quality of the grain. Currently, farmers rely heavily on the sterol demethylase Inhibitor (DMI) triazole fungicide Prosaro (Bayer CropScience) to protect their crop from this disease. The optimal fungicide application timing is traditionally believed to be early anthesis - Feekes Growth Stage (FGS) 10.5.1. However, environmental conditions and uneven flowering across a …

Population Dynamics Of Triticum Mosaic Virus In Various Host Species, Melissa S. Bartels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

It has been established that RNA viruses should be genetically diverse, due to the high error rate of their RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and the lack of proof-reading capabilities. Plant RNA viruses are not as genetically diverse as expected. Evolutionary factors, such as purifying selection and bottlenecks that favor genetic stability, might be affecting plant viral populations. Otherwise RNA virus populations, with their potential for extreme diversity, might acquire a lethal number of mutations leading to the collapse of the population.

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) populations maintained in a controlled greenhouse environment displayed genetic stability. The mutation frequency per nucleotide of …

Fertilizer Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency In Soft Red Winter Wheat And The Ability Of N-Star To Detect Alkaline Hydrolyzable Nitrogen In Crop Residues, Lana Aubrey Clark

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soil testing methods such as the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) and Direct Steam Distillation (DSD) have been developed which measure alkaline hydrolyzable-N (AH-N) as a means of estimating potentially mineralizable-N. Crop residues play an important role in N cycling. However, the ability of the ISNT and DSD methods to determine AH-N within crop residues is unknown. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to determine the ability of the ISNT and DSD to quantify potentially mineralizable-N within five different crop residues common to Arkansas. Corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max, L.), wheat, rice (Oryza sativa, L.), and …

Effects Of Wheat Grain Moisture: Quality, Germination, And Relationship To Accumulated Growing Degree Days, Kirsten Thomas

Open Access Theses

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal crop of global importance. As global demand increases, it is essential to increase the quality and efficiency of crop production. Harvesting wheat early provides an opportunity for increased grain quality, and it may also allow the grower to double-crop soybean ( Glycine max L.) after wheat more effectively. Our objectives were to determine if harvesting grain early, at high moisture would, 1) increase milling and baking quality and 2) improve germination potential. As a result of these objectives, we will develop a model to predict dry-down of wheat. Five soft red …

Impact Of Climate Change On Wheat Production In Kentucky, Kathleen Russell, Chad Lee, Rebecca L. Mcculley, David Van Sanford

Plant and Soil Sciences Research Report

Summary:

• From 2002 to 2012, Kentucky winter wheat ranged in value from $52 million to $209 million.
• Climate change and variability have the potential to significantly impact this important economic enterprise within our state.
• This report summarizes the current state of knowledge of the potential of climate change to impact wheat production in Kentucky and surrounding states.

Effects Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles In Cereals: Insights Into The Toxicity Mechanisms And Macromolecular Modifications, Cyren Mendoza Rico

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Despite the inundation of studies on the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with plants, investigations involving complete life cycle (i.e from seedling establishment to full maturity) are still lacking. Assessments on the nutritional value of plants cultivated to full maturity in ENMs-treated soil are also missing. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) have significant interactions with plants; however, there are no life cycle studies yet on their implications in cereals like rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). These cereals are globally important crops that support the economic activity, and nutritional and health needs of billions …

Effect Of Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera Avenae (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) On Yield Of Some Spring Wheat Varieties In Adana Province, Turkey, Mustafa İmren, İbrahi̇m Hali̇l Elekci̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae is found predominantly in the spring wheat-growing areas in Adana Province in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The impact of H. avenae on wheat yield has been observed but not quantified. This study was conducted to determine the effect of H. avenae on the yield of 6 wheat varieties in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the naturally infested fields of Adana. According to our results, H. avenae significantly suppressed grain yield of the wheat varieties, ranging from 4.3% to 25.7%. Negative or positive linear regressions between the reproduction factor of H. avenae …

Association Of Digital Photo Parameters And Ndvi With Winter Wheat Grain Yield In Variable Environments, Alexey Morgounov, Nurberdi Gummadov, Savaş Belen, Yüksel Kaya, Mesut Keser, Jamala Mursalova

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is gaining popularity as a complementary selection tool, even though it requires an instrument not readily available in the developing world. We evaluated several parameters (originating from the analysis of digital photos using BreedPix software) as potential selection criteria in 23 winter wheat yield trials grown over 4 years at 2 sites. NDVI and digital photos were taken at key development stages from stem elongation to maturity. The correlations between digital photo parameters a and u and grain yield, as well as correlations between NDVI and grain yield within individual trials, varied depending on …

Triacontanol-Induced Changes In Growth, Yield, Leaf Water Relations, Oxidative Defense System, Minerals, And Some Key Osmoprotectants In Triticum Aestivum Under Saline Conditions, Shagufta Perveen, Muhammad Shahbaz, Muhammad Ashraf

Turkish Journal of Botany

To investigate the effect of exogenous application of triacontanol (TRIA) on 2 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (S-24 and MH-97) under salt stress, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under natural climatic conditions. Both cultivars were grown in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution under nonsaline (0 mM NaCl) or saline (150 mM NaCl) conditions in sand culture. Three optimized TRIA levels (0, 10, and 20 µM) were used as foliar spray at 3 growth stages, i.e. vegetative, boot, and vegetative + boot stages. Ninety-two-day-old plants were subjected to data analysis. Salinity stress adversely affected various growth, physiological, and biochemical …