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2014

Growth

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Articles 1 - 26 of 26

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

How The Presence Of Plastic In The North Pacific Gyre Affects The Growth Of Thalassiosira Through Remote Sensing And Laboratory Replication, Jordynn Brennan, Hesham El-Askary Dec 2014

How The Presence Of Plastic In The North Pacific Gyre Affects The Growth Of Thalassiosira Through Remote Sensing And Laboratory Replication, Jordynn Brennan, Hesham El-Askary

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Through the use of remote sensing, we are able to determine the approximate location of the garbage patch in the North Pacific Gyre. Though remote sensing does not penetrate the surface of the ocean, monthly satellite images can be analyzed to determine the rate of growth or rate of decrease of certain parameters, such as atmospheric gases, phytoplankton, and dissolved organic matter. Over the past decade, data from the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (Giovanni program) has shown a significant increase in dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll a content in the area of the North Pacific Garbage …

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Application Of Otolith Increment Analysis To The Study Of Maturation Timing In Female Kokanee Salmon, Yelin Xu Dec 2014

Application Of Otolith Increment Analysis To The Study Of Maturation Timing In Female Kokanee Salmon, Yelin Xu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

I investigated the influence of growth history on the expression of female reproductive tactics in kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Meadow Creek Spawning Channel, British Columbia, Canada. Female kokanee either arrive at the spawning area with red nuptial coloration, or less commonly, sexually immature with silver coloration. Silver- and red-arriving females may reflect different reproductive strategies in the population. I used otolith increment measurements to determine fish growth. In contrast to earlier studies, silver- and red-arriving females in 2013 did not differ in age at maturity (mostly were age 3+) or size at maturity (length from eye to …

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Age, Growth, And Simulation Modeling To Characterize Fish Populations At Two Reservoirs In South-Central Kansas, Brian Serpan Nov 2014

Age, Growth, And Simulation Modeling To Characterize Fish Populations At Two Reservoirs In South-Central Kansas, Brian Serpan

Master's Theses

Several fish populations in Kansas are heavily exploited. To obtain insight into the response of fish populations to management actions, fisheries biologists must obtain as much information as possible with limited resources. To address these challenges, biologists often use age and growth information to understand the age structure of the populations, estimate recruitment and mortality, and gain insight into environmental and genetic factors influencing growth. In addition, age and growth data are used to generate yield-per-recruit models, which allow biologists to extrapolate population trends and make broad predictions about population responses to different management actions. Cheney and El Dorado reservoirs …

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The Exometabolome Of Clostridium Thermocellum Reveals Overflow Metabolism At High Cellulose Loading, Evert K. Holwerda, Philip G. Thorne, Daniel G. Olson, Daniel Amador-Noguez, Nancy L. Engle, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Johannes P. Van Dijken, Lee R. Lynd Oct 2014

The Exometabolome Of Clostridium Thermocellum Reveals Overflow Metabolism At High Cellulose Loading, Evert K. Holwerda, Philip G. Thorne, Daniel G. Olson, Daniel Amador-Noguez, Nancy L. Engle, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Johannes P. Van Dijken, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

BackgroundClostridium thermocellum is a model thermophilic organism for the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic substrates. The majority of publications studying the physiology of this organism use substrate concentrations of ≤10 g/L. However, industrially relevant concentrations of substrate start at 100 g/L carbohydrate, which corresponds to approximately 150 g/L solids. To gain insight into the physiology of fermentation of high substrate concentrations, we studied the growth on, and utilization of high concentrations of crystalline cellulose varying from 50 to 100 g/L by C. thermocellum. .

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Ecophysiological Effects Of Nitrogen On Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.], Ifeanyi Onor, Gabriel Onor, Murty Kambhampati Oct 2014

Ecophysiological Effects Of Nitrogen On Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.], Ifeanyi Onor, Gabriel Onor, Murty Kambhampati

Faculty and Staff Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a leguminous plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. The goal of this research was to determine the optimal concentration of nitrogen, using Hoagland nutrient solution, which will enhance the productivity of soybeans. The specific objective of the study was to assess the effect of variation of nitrogen concentration on soybean growth and leaf chlorophyll concentrations. Soybeans were grown under three soil nitrogen amendments: low, medium, and high concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution and a control group. Soybeans were grown under controlled environmental conditions in the Biotronette? environmental chamber. Temperature of the environmental chamber …

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Approaches For Studying Fish Production: Do River And Lake Researchers Have Different Perspectives? – Extended Abstract, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Nicholas A. Heredia, Brian G. Laub, Christy S. Meredith, Harrison E. Mohn, Sarah E. Null, David A. Pluth, Brett B. Roper, W. Carl Saunders, David King Stevens, Richard H. Walker, Kit Wheeler Sep 2014

Approaches For Studying Fish Production: Do River And Lake Researchers Have Different Perspectives? – Extended Abstract, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Nicholas A. Heredia, Brian G. Laub, Christy S. Meredith, Harrison E. Mohn, Sarah E. Null, David A. Pluth, Brett B. Roper, W. Carl Saunders, David King Stevens, Richard H. Walker, Kit Wheeler

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Biased perspectives of fisheries researchers may hinder scientific progress and effective management if limiting factors controlling productivity go unrecognized. We investigated whether river and lake researchers used different approaches when studying salmonid production and whether any differences were ecologically supported. We assessed 564 peer‐reviewed papers published between 1966 and 2012 that studied salmonid production or surrogate variables (e.g., abundance, growth, biomass, population) and classified them into five major predictor variable categories: physical habitat, fertility (i.e., nutrients, bottom‐up), biotic, temperature, and pollution. The review demonstrated that river researchers primarily analyzed physical habitat (65% of studies) and lake researchers primarily analyzed fertility …

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Evaluation Of Short And Tall Stature In Children, Benjamin Nwosu, Mary Lee Sep 2014

Evaluation Of Short And Tall Stature In Children, Benjamin Nwosu, Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

Children and adolescents whose heights and growth velocities deviate from the normal percentiles on standard growth charts present a special challenge to physicians. Height that is less than the 3rd percentile or greater than the 97th percentile is deemed short or tall stature, respectively. A growth velocity outside the 25th to 75th percentile range may be considered abnormal. Serial height measurements over time documented on a growth chart are key in identifying abnormal growth. Short or tall stature is usually caused by variants of a normal growth pattern, although some patients may have serious underlying pathologies. A comprehensive history and …

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Clinical Practice. Idiopathic Short Stature, Mary Lee Sep 2014

Clinical Practice. Idiopathic Short Stature, Mary Lee

Mary M. Lee

No abstract provided.

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Physical Growth And Sexual Maturation Of Boys In Chapaevsk, Russia, Mary Lee, Oleg Sergeyev, Paige Williams, Susan Korrick, Vladimir Zeilert, Boris Revich, Russ Hauser Sep 2014

Physical Growth And Sexual Maturation Of Boys In Chapaevsk, Russia, Mary Lee, Oleg Sergeyev, Paige Williams, Susan Korrick, Vladimir Zeilert, Boris Revich, Russ Hauser

Mary M. Lee

We characterized physical growth and sexual maturation in 2,579 boys, ages 10 through 16.99 years, residing in Chapaevsk, Russia in order to establish region-specific reference data. Age-specific norms were established for height, weight, and BMI, and compared to US reference data by z-score analysis, while mean heights and weights by age were compared to published national Russian data. Compared to US boys, height was slightly lower (overall z-score -0.18) at all ages except the oldest (16-16.99 yr), while weight and BMI were moderately lower (overall z-score -0.52 and -0.61, respectively). Chapaevsk boys were significantly taller (1.15 cm) and thinner (-1.28 …

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Nisin Resistance Of Bacillus Cerus: Preparation Of Nisin, Peter Weber Aug 2014

Nisin Resistance Of Bacillus Cerus: Preparation Of Nisin, Peter Weber

Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato

Nisin is a peptide that is made by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis. Nisin is a small molecule that kills gram positive bacteria by binding to their membrane and by disrupting the proton motive force. When food is processed it is heated to kill bacteria, but some bacteria still survive. Adding nisin to the food provides a second barrier for the growth of the bacteria. Purified nisin has become quite expensive in the current marketplace. Therefore this study is directed at producing nisin and purifying it. L. lactis was grown in five different media (BHI, BHI + 1% glucose, BHI + …

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Assessment Of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus Dolomieu And Rock Bass Ambloplites Rupestris Growth And Condition In The Little River, Tennessee, Justin Robert Wolbert Aug 2014

Assessment Of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus Dolomieu And Rock Bass Ambloplites Rupestris Growth And Condition In The Little River, Tennessee, Justin Robert Wolbert

Masters Theses

The Little River in Blount County, Tennessee, is a popular tourist location and fishery. It originates inside the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) and has sustained few impacts due to the protection of the Park. Growth and condition of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and rock bass Ambloplites rupestris were evaluated in Little River, Tennessee, from April to August 2013 and related to populations from other rivers in East Tennessee. Samples were collected via boat and backpack electrofishing. Selective sampling techniques targeting five or more fish in each 25.4- mm class produced 97 smallmouth bass and 48 rock bass. Otoliths …

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Developmental Cis-Regulatory Analysis Of The Cyclin D Gene In The Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Christopher Michael Mccarty Aug 2014

Developmental Cis-Regulatory Analysis Of The Cyclin D Gene In The Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, Christopher Michael Mccarty

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Proper execution of animal development requires that it be integrated with cell division. In part, this is made possible due to cell cycle regulatory genes becoming dependent upon developmental signaling pathways that regulate their transcription. Cyclin D genes are important bridges linking the regulation of the cell cycle to development because these genes regulate the cell cycle, growth and differentiation in response to intercellular signaling. In this dissertation, a cis-regulatory analysis of a cyclin D gene, Sp-CycD, in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is presented. While the promoters of vertebrate cyclin D genes have been analyzed, the cis-regulatory sequences across …

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Effects Of Compost On Prairie Seedling Establishment And Seed Production, Thomas R. Rosburg, Emiy Sibigtroth, Adam Palmer Aug 2014

Effects Of Compost On Prairie Seedling Establishment And Seed Production, Thomas R. Rosburg, Emiy Sibigtroth, Adam Palmer

The Prairie Naturalist

Compost is a commonly used soil amendment in horticultural and agricultural practices that is generally known to improve soil conditions and plant growth. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the application of compost to prairie production plots as a method to improve seedling establishment and growth and the seed production of established plants. We evaluated the effect of compost depth and tillage on the survivorship, growth, reproduction and ecophysiology of several prairie plant species commonly used in restoration. Results were mixed; for some species, transplants in compost–amended plots incurred lower survivorship and reduced growth compared to control plots. When …

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A Survey Of The Management And Development Of Captive African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Calves: Birth To Three Months Of Age, Nicole L. Kowalski, Robert H.I. Dale, Christa L. H. Mazur Jun 2014

A Survey Of The Management And Development Of Captive African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Calves: Birth To Three Months Of Age, Nicole L. Kowalski, Robert H.I. Dale, Christa L. H. Mazur

Robert H. I. Dale

We used four surveys to collect information about the birth, physical growth, and behavioral development of 12 African elephant calves born in captivity. The management of the birth process and neonatal care involved a variety of standard procedures. All of the calves were born at night, between 7PM and 7AM. The calves showed a systematic progression in behavioral and physical development, attaining developmental milestones at least a quickly as calves in situ. This study emphasized birth-related events, changes in the ways that calves used their trunks, first instances of behaviors, and interactions of the calves with other, usually adult, elephants. …

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Activated Carbon Decreases Invasive Plant Growth By Mediating Plant-Microbe Interactions, Nicole E. Nolan May 2014

Activated Carbon Decreases Invasive Plant Growth By Mediating Plant-Microbe Interactions, Nicole E. Nolan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To restore lands invaded by dense, non-native vegetation, it may be necessary to develop targeted restoration tools than can remove the mechanism used by these non-native species as a competitive advantage. Activated carbon (AC) is one such tool, with the ability to disrupt the mechanisms of plant to plant communication (allelopathy) and positive plant to microbe communication commonly used by non-native species. Previous studies have shown the success of high concentrations, 1000g/m2, of AC in native plant community restoration on a small scale. Here, our goals are twofold: first, to test AC effectiveness in restoring desirable plant communities …

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Predicting The Physiological Performance Of Ectotherms In Fluctuating Thermal Environments, Michael W. Sears, A C. Niehaus, M J. Angilletta, C E. Franklin, R S. Wilson Feb 2014

Predicting The Physiological Performance Of Ectotherms In Fluctuating Thermal Environments, Michael W. Sears, A C. Niehaus, M J. Angilletta, C E. Franklin, R S. Wilson

Michael W. Sears

Physiological ecologists have long sought to understand the plasticity of organisms in environments that vary widely among years, seasons and even hours. This is now even more important because human-induced climate change is predicted to affect both the mean and variability of the thermal environment. Although environmental change occurs ubiquitously, relatively few researchers have studied the effects of fluctuating environments on the performance of developing organisms. Even fewer have tried to validate a framework for predicting performance in fluctuating environments. Here, we determined whether reaction norms based on performance at constant temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30 and 34°C) could be …

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Phenology Of Annulus Formation In Walleye And Smallmouth Bass Otoliths, Brianna J. Graff, Daniel J. Dembkowski, Melissa R. Wuellner Jan 2014

Phenology Of Annulus Formation In Walleye And Smallmouth Bass Otoliths, Brianna J. Graff, Daniel J. Dembkowski, Melissa R. Wuellner

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Walleye Sander vitreus and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu were sampled monthly (May-October) from Lake Sharpe, South Dakota during 2006 and 2007 to estimate the timing of otolith annulus formation and to evaluate the influence of fish age, sex, and sample location (walleye only) on the timing and detection of annulus formation. Timing of annulus formation was evaluated using marginal increment analysis. Walleye samples were stratified by age, sex, and sample location (i.e., upper and lower Lake Sharpe) and smallmouth bass samples were stratified by age and sex. Monthly mean marginal increment measurements for both species generally increased from May to …

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Analysis Of 28 Generations Of Selection For Reproduction, Growth, And Carcass Traits In Swine, W. L. Hsu, Rodger K. Robinson Jan 2014

Analysis Of 28 Generations Of Selection For Reproduction, Growth, And Carcass Traits In Swine, W. L. Hsu, Rodger K. Robinson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Selection (28 generations, G) in a Large White–Landrace composite population for traits aimed at increasing live pigs born per litter (BA), with additional selection for increased 180-d weight (WT180) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) and decreased back fat (BF10) in the last 8 generations, was practiced. Objectives herein were to estimate genetic and phenotypic responses and genetic parameters (n = 1,883 to 54,174) and to investigate whether a plateau in response for BA occurred. Line 2 (L2) was selected for an index of ovulation rate and embryo survival (G0 to G11), fully formed pigs (FF) per litter (G12 to 14), …

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Glycine Betaine-Induced Lead Toxicity Tolerance Related To Elevated Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes Suppressed Lead Uptake And Oxidative Stress In Cotton, Saima Aslam Bharwana, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Ahsan Farooq, Naeem Iqbal, Amjad Hameed, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad Jan 2014

Glycine Betaine-Induced Lead Toxicity Tolerance Related To Elevated Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes Suppressed Lead Uptake And Oxidative Stress In Cotton, Saima Aslam Bharwana, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Ahsan Farooq, Naeem Iqbal, Amjad Hameed, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anthropogenic activities contaminate soils with heavy metal concentrations including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr). Pb has higher potential for ready accumulation, sedimentation, and poisoning of the soil than other heavy metals. The present study was conducted to induce Pb tolerance, in solution culture-grown cotton, by exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) application using 3 levels of Pb (0, 50, and 100 µm) and 2 GB levels (0 and 1 mM). The results revealed that Pb stress decreased gas exchange characteristics (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and SPAD value) and the performance of …

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Growth, Biomass, Carbon Stocks, And Sequestration In An Age Series Of Populus Deltoides Plantations In Tarai Region Of Central Himalaya, Gurveen Arora, Sumit Chaturvedi, Rajesh Kaushal, Ajeet Nain, Salil Tewari, Nurnabi Meherul Alam, Om Prakash Chaturvedi Jan 2014

Growth, Biomass, Carbon Stocks, And Sequestration In An Age Series Of Populus Deltoides Plantations In Tarai Region Of Central Himalaya, Gurveen Arora, Sumit Chaturvedi, Rajesh Kaushal, Ajeet Nain, Salil Tewari, Nurnabi Meherul Alam, Om Prakash Chaturvedi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Growth, biomass, carbon storage, and carbon sequestration potential along an age series in Populus deltoides plantations were assessed. The growth rate of diameter at breast height and height was higher in trees of 4 to 7 years and 2 to 5 years, respectively. The total aboveground biomass (AGB) increased with age and reached its maximum (180.2 Mg ha^{-1}) at 11 years of age. Mean carbon concentration in aboveground components varied from 39.7% to 51.7%. Allometric equations were developed to estimate biomass and biomass carbon in different tree components, which had adjusted R squares greater than 94%. Aboveground carbon stocks in …

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Growth Response And Soil-Plant Water Relations Of 4 Dominant Psammophyte Species With Soil Moisture In Central Inner Mongolia, Yuanrun Zheng, Lianhe Jiang, Yong Gao, Xi Chen, Geping Luo, Xianwei Feng, Hideyuki Shimizu Jan 2014

Growth Response And Soil-Plant Water Relations Of 4 Dominant Psammophyte Species With Soil Moisture In Central Inner Mongolia, Yuanrun Zheng, Lianhe Jiang, Yong Gao, Xi Chen, Geping Luo, Xianwei Feng, Hideyuki Shimizu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Soil-plant water relations are crucial for understanding the mechanisms by which plants adapt to their environments. An experiment was conducted to understand the responses of 4 dominant psammophyte shrub species to different sandy environments. Pots were filled with tap water or sand, and pots planted with different species and filled with sand with and without pot covers were kept in 4 growth cabinets at 15/25 °C and with a water supply of 75 mm per month. Soil water content; dry weights of roots, shoots, and leaves; and leaf area were measured. The relative growth rate (0.039-0.042 g g^{-1} day^{-1}) was …

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Growth And Nodulation Of Alfalfa-Rhizobia Symbiosis Under Salinity: Electrolyte Leakage, Stomatal Conductance, And Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Lahbib Latrach, Mohamed Farissi, Mohammed Mouradi, Bouchra Makoudi, Abdelaziz Bouizgaren, Cherki Ghoulam Jan 2014

Growth And Nodulation Of Alfalfa-Rhizobia Symbiosis Under Salinity: Electrolyte Leakage, Stomatal Conductance, And Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Lahbib Latrach, Mohamed Farissi, Mohammed Mouradi, Bouchra Makoudi, Abdelaziz Bouizgaren, Cherki Ghoulam

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present work was a study on the adverse effects of salinity on growth, nodulation, and some physiological parameters in 4 symbiotic combinations involving 2 Moroccan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations (Demnate and Tata) and 2 rhizobial strains (rhLAr 1 and rhLAr 4). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse at 32/22 °C day/night, 50%-80% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16 h. The seedlings were separately inoculated with suspensions of 2 rhizobial strains and grown under 2 NaCl treatments, 0 mM (control) and 100 mM (salt stress), in plastic pots filled with sterile sand and peat at 9/10 and …

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Effect Of Live Weight And Age Of Akkaraman Ewes At Mating On Multiple Birth Rate, Growth Traits, And Survival Rate Of Lambs, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Aktaş, Şükrü Doğan Jan 2014

Effect Of Live Weight And Age Of Akkaraman Ewes At Mating On Multiple Birth Rate, Growth Traits, And Survival Rate Of Lambs, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Aktaş, Şükrü Doğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed in order to determine the effect of live weight (LW) and age of Akkaraman ('White Karaman', WK) ewes at mating on the multiple birth rate (MBR), growth traits, and survival rate (SR) of lambs in breeder flocks. In the trial, data of 4452 head of ewes and 5324 head of lambs obtained from 16 WK breeder flocks in Konya Province were used. One week before the mating season ewes were weighed and separated into 5 groups according to their LW. In the research, the differences of MBR, the SR of lambs until days 60 and 120, …

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Growth Traits And Survival Rates Of Akkaraman Lambs In Breeder Flocks In Konya Province, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Aktaş, Beki̇r Ankarali, İbrahi̇m Halici, Uğur Demi̇rci̇, Ali̇ Ati̇k, Ercan Yaylaci Jan 2014

Growth Traits And Survival Rates Of Akkaraman Lambs In Breeder Flocks In Konya Province, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Aktaş, Beki̇r Ankarali, İbrahi̇m Halici, Uğur Demi̇rci̇, Ali̇ Ati̇k, Ercan Yaylaci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This trial was carried out to determine the growth traits and survival rates of Akkaraman (‘White Karaman’ in Turkish, WK) lambs in breeder flocks in Konya Province. In this study, the effects of birth year, lamb’s sex, birth type, dam’s age, and farm on the birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) at day 75, live weight (LW) at day 120, and average daily weight gain (ADWG) of lambs were investigated. Survival rates of lambs up to weaning were determined based on years. Data were collected from 19,207 lambs born between the years of 2007 and 2010 in 2 different villages …

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Energy Tradeoffs Between Food Assimilation, Growth, Metabolism And Maintenance, Lihong Jiao Jan 2014

Energy Tradeoffs Between Food Assimilation, Growth, Metabolism And Maintenance, Lihong Jiao

Masters Theses

"The effect of metabolic rate (MR) on organisms' health maintenance is a long-standing puzzle and empirical data on this issue is contradictory. A theoretical model was developed for understanding animal's energy budget under the food condition of Ad libitum (AL) and food restriction. This model offers a framework for understanding the role of MR and health maintenance mechanism from the perspective of energy tradeoff between food assimilation, growth, metabolism and maintenance. Hornworm (Manduca sexta larva) has been selected as an model to test the energetic tradeoff under different food supply and ambient temperatures. The changes in energy budget can …

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"Mining" For A Reference Condition In Southern West Virginia Streams, Matthew Rouch Jan 2014

"Mining" For A Reference Condition In Southern West Virginia Streams, Matthew Rouch

Theses and Dissertations

Quarterly samples were used to estimate assemblage-level (all species combined) fish production within three minimally-impacted, southern West Virginia streams. The total annual fish production estimate was highest in Slaunch Fork (37.52 kg∙ha-1∙y-1), a tributary of the Tug Fork River, and lowest in Cabin Creek (10.59 kg∙ha-1∙y-1), a Guyandotte River tributary. Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus, Mottled Sculpin Cottus bairdii and Blacknose Dace Rhinicthys atratulus were the most abundant species among sites, accounting for >90% of all sampled individuals. Reference condition criteria were also selected and metrics calculated for each of the three …

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