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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Intracellular Recording, Sensory Field Mapping, And Culturing Identified Neurons In The Leech, Hirudo Medicinalis, Josh Titlow, Zana R. Majeed, John G. Nicholls, Robin L. Cooper
Intracellular Recording, Sensory Field Mapping, And Culturing Identified Neurons In The Leech, Hirudo Medicinalis, Josh Titlow, Zana R. Majeed, John G. Nicholls, Robin L. Cooper
Biology Faculty Publications
The freshwater leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is a versatile model organism that has been used to address scientific questions in the fields of neurophysiology, neuroethology, and developmental biology. The goal of this report is to consolidate experimental techniques from the leech system into a single article that will be of use to physiologists with expertise in other nervous system preparations, or to biology students with little or no electrophysiology experience. We demonstrate how to dissect the leech for recording intracellularly from identified neural circuits in the ganglion. Next we show how individual cells of known function can be removed from …
Neural Circuit Recording From An Intact Cockroach Nervous System, Josh Titlow, Zana R. Majeed, H. Bernard Hartman, Ellen Burns, Robin L. Cooper
Neural Circuit Recording From An Intact Cockroach Nervous System, Josh Titlow, Zana R. Majeed, H. Bernard Hartman, Ellen Burns, Robin L. Cooper
Biology Faculty Publications
The cockroach ventral nerve cord preparation is a tractable system for neuroethology experiments, neural network modeling, and testing the physiological effects of insecticides. This article describes the scope of cockroach sensory modalities that can be used to assay how an insect nervous system responds to environmental perturbations. Emphasis here is on the escape behavior mediated by cerci to giant fiber transmission in Periplaneta americana. This in situ preparation requires only moderate dissecting skill and electrophysiological expertise to generate reproducible recordings of neuronal activity. Peptides or other chemical reagents can then be applied directly to the nervous system in solution …
Proprioception And Tension Receptors In Crab Limbs: Student Laboratory Exercises, Zana R. Majeed, Josh Titlow, H. Bernard Hartman, Robin L. Cooper
Proprioception And Tension Receptors In Crab Limbs: Student Laboratory Exercises, Zana R. Majeed, Josh Titlow, H. Bernard Hartman, Robin L. Cooper
Biology Faculty Publications
The primary purpose of these procedures is to demonstrate for teaching and research purposes how to record the activity of living primary sensory neurons responsible for proprioception as they are detecting joint position and movement, and muscle tension. Electrical activity from crustacean proprioceptors and tension receptors is recorded by basic neurophysiological instrumentation, and a transducer is used to simultaneously measure force that is generated by stimulating a motor nerve. In addition, we demonstrate how to stain the neurons for a quick assessment of their anatomical arrangement or for permanent fixation. Staining reveals anatomical organization that is representative of chordotonal organs …
Dreadds In Drosophila: A Pharmacogenetic Approach For Controlling Behavior, Neuronal Signaling, And Physiology In The Fly, Jaime Becnel, Oralee Johnson, Zana R Majeed, Vi Tran, Bangning Yu, Bryan L. Roth, Robin L. Cooper, Edmund K. Kerut, Charles D. Nichols
Dreadds In Drosophila: A Pharmacogenetic Approach For Controlling Behavior, Neuronal Signaling, And Physiology In The Fly, Jaime Becnel, Oralee Johnson, Zana R Majeed, Vi Tran, Bangning Yu, Bryan L. Roth, Robin L. Cooper, Edmund K. Kerut, Charles D. Nichols
Biology Faculty Publications
We have translated a powerful genetic tool, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), from mammalian systems to Drosophila melanogaster to selectively, rapidly, reversibly, and dose-dependently control behaviors and physiological processes in the fly. DREADDs are muscarinic acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors evolved for loss of affinity to acetylcholine and for the ability to be fully activated by an otherwise biologically inert chemical, clozapine-N-oxide. We demonstrate its ability to control a variety of behaviors and processes in larvae and adults, including heart rate, sensory processing, diurnal behavior, learning and memory, and courtship. The advantages of this particular technology include the …
Pharmacological Analysis Of Dopamine Modulation In The Drosophila Melanogaster Larval Heart, Josh S. Titlow, Jenna M. Rufer, Kayla E. King, Robin L. Cooper
Pharmacological Analysis Of Dopamine Modulation In The Drosophila Melanogaster Larval Heart, Josh S. Titlow, Jenna M. Rufer, Kayla E. King, Robin L. Cooper
Biology Faculty Publications
Dopamine (DA) and other neurotransmitters affect nonneuronal tissues in insects by circulating in the hemolymph. In several organisms, DA has been shown to modulate distinct aspects of cardiac function but the signal transduction pathways that mediate dopaminergic effects on the heart are not well characterized. Here, we used a semiintact Drosophila melanogaster larva preparation and drugs targeting DA receptors and canonical second messenger pathways to identify signaling cascades that mediate the effect of DA on a myogenic heart. DA has a positive chronotropic effect that is mimicked by SKF38393 (type‐1 DA receptor agonist) and quinpirole (type‐2 DA receptor agonist). SCH23390 …
Effect Of Diurnal Fluctuating Versus Constant Temperatures On Germination Of 445 Species From The Eastern Tibet Plateau, Kun Liu, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Haiyan Bu, Guozhen Du, Miaojun Ma
Effect Of Diurnal Fluctuating Versus Constant Temperatures On Germination Of 445 Species From The Eastern Tibet Plateau, Kun Liu, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Haiyan Bu, Guozhen Du, Miaojun Ma
Biology Faculty Publications
Germination response to fluctuating temperatures is a mechanism by which seeds detect gaps in vegetation canopies and depth of burial in soil, and it is very important for plants. Thus, studies on the effect of fluctuating temperature on germination at the community level are valuable for understanding community structure and biodiversity maintenance. We determined the effects of two alternating temperatures (5/25°C and 10/20°C) and one constant temperature (15°C) on seed germination of 445 species in a grassland community on the eastern Tibet Plateau. Seed mass was determined for each species, and data on habitat, type of life cycle, altitudinal distribution …
Variation In Salamander Tail Regeneration Is Associated With Genetic Factors That Determine Tail Morphology, Gareth J. Voss, D. Kevin Kump, John A. Walker, S. Randal Voss
Variation In Salamander Tail Regeneration Is Associated With Genetic Factors That Determine Tail Morphology, Gareth J. Voss, D. Kevin Kump, John A. Walker, S. Randal Voss
Biology Faculty Publications
Very little is known about the factors that cause variation in regenerative potential within and between species. Here, we used a genetic approach to identify heritable genetic factors that explain variation in tail regenerative outgrowth. A hybrid ambystomatid salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum x A. andersoni) was crossed to an A. mexicanum and 217 offspring were induced to undergo metamorphosis and attain terrestrial adult morphology using thyroid hormone. Following metamorphosis, each salamander’s tail tip was amputated and allowed to regenerate, and then amputated a second time and allowed to regenerate. Also, DNA was isolated from all individuals and genotypes were …
Salamander Hox Clusters Contain Repetitive Dna And Expanded Non-Coding Regions: A Typical Hox Structure For Non-Mammalian Tetrapod Vertebrates?, Stephen Randal Voss, Srikrishna Putta, John A. Walker, Jeramiah J. Smith, Nobuyasu Maki, Panagiotis A. Tsonis
Salamander Hox Clusters Contain Repetitive Dna And Expanded Non-Coding Regions: A Typical Hox Structure For Non-Mammalian Tetrapod Vertebrates?, Stephen Randal Voss, Srikrishna Putta, John A. Walker, Jeramiah J. Smith, Nobuyasu Maki, Panagiotis A. Tsonis
Biology Faculty Publications
Hox genes encode transcription factors that regulate embryonic and post-embryonic developmental processes. The expression of Hox genes is regulated in part by the tight, spatial arrangement of conserved coding and non-coding sequences. The potential for evolutionary changes in Hox cluster structure is thought to be low among vertebrates; however, recent studies of a few non-mammalian taxa suggest greater variation than originally thought. Using next generation sequencing of large genomic fragments (>100 kb) from the red spotted newt (Notophthalamus viridescens), we found that the arrangement of Hox cluster genes was conserved relative to orthologous regions from other vertebrates, but the …
Revisiting The Relationship Between Regenerative Ability And Aging, Ashley W. Seifert, S. Randal Voss
Revisiting The Relationship Between Regenerative Ability And Aging, Ashley W. Seifert, S. Randal Voss
Biology Faculty Publications
Contrary to the longstanding view that newts (Notophthalamus viridescens), but not axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum), can regenerate a lens, a recent report in BMC Biology by Panagiotis Tsonis and colleagues shows axolotls indeed possess this ability during early larval stages. In contrast, they show that zebrafish never posses this ability, even as embryos. This underscores the importance of comparing regenerative ability across species and reinforces the need to consider organ regeneration in the context of evolution, development, and aging.
Genomics Of A Metamorphic Timing Qtl: Met1 Maps To A Unique Genomic Position And Regulates Morph And Species-Specific Patterns Of Brain Transcription, Robert B. Page, Meredith A. Boley, David K. Kump, Stephen R. Voss
Genomics Of A Metamorphic Timing Qtl: Met1 Maps To A Unique Genomic Position And Regulates Morph And Species-Specific Patterns Of Brain Transcription, Robert B. Page, Meredith A. Boley, David K. Kump, Stephen R. Voss
Biology Faculty Publications
Very little is known about genetic factors that regulate life history transitions during ontogeny. Closely related tiger salamanders (Ambystoma species complex) show extreme variation in metamorphic timing, with some species foregoing metamorphosis altogether, an adaptive trait called paedomorphosis. Previous studies identified a major effect quantitative trait locus (met1) for metamorphic timing and expression of paedomorphosis in hybrid crosses between the biphasic Eastern tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) and the paedomorphic Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). We used existing hybrid mapping panels and a newly created hybrid cross to map the met1 genomic region and …
Comparative Study Of Environmental Factors Influencing Motor Task Learning And Memory Retention In Sighted And Blind Crayfish, Sonya M. Bierbower, Zhanna P. Shuranova, Kert Viele, Robin L. Cooper
Comparative Study Of Environmental Factors Influencing Motor Task Learning And Memory Retention In Sighted And Blind Crayfish, Sonya M. Bierbower, Zhanna P. Shuranova, Kert Viele, Robin L. Cooper
Biology Faculty Publications
In classical conditioning, an alteration in response occurs when two stimuli are regularly paired in close succession. An area of particular research interest is classical conditioning with a chemical signal and visual and/or tactile stimuli as the unconditional stimuli, to test manipulative and motor behaviors in a learning paradigm. A classical learning task chamber was developed to examine learning trends in a sighted surface-dwelling crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and in a blind cave-dwelling crayfish, Orconectes australis packardi. We examined whether learning is influenced by environmental factors and/or reliance on different primary sensory modalities. Crayfish were trained to manipulate a large, cumbersome …