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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Modelling Tempering Behaviour Of Dark Chocolates From Varying Particle Size Distribution And Fat Content Using Response Surface Methodology, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Modelling Tempering Behaviour Of Dark Chocolates From Varying Particle Size Distribution And Fat Content Using Response Surface Methodology, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for K=2 was used to study the combined effects of multi-stage heat exchangers for Stages 1 (14–30 °C) and 2 (12–28 °C) coolant temperatures at constant Stage 3 coolant and holding temperatures during tempering of dark chocolates using laboratory-scale mini-temperer. Quantitative data on chocolate temper index (slope) were obtained for products with varying particle size distribution (PSD) (D90 of 18, 25, 35 and 50 μm) and fat (30% and 35%) content. Regression models generated using stepwise regression analyses were used to plot response surface curves, to study the tempering behaviour of products. The results showed …
Characterization Of Melting Properties In Dark Chocolates From Varying Particle Size Distribution And Composition Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Characterization Of Melting Properties In Dark Chocolates From Varying Particle Size Distribution And Composition Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Melting properties in dark chocolates processed from varying particle size distribution (PSD), fat and lecithin content were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compositional parameters were PSD (D90 (90% finer than this size) of 18, 25, 35 and 50 lm), fat (25%, 30% and 35%) and lecithin (0.3% and 0.5%) contents. Variations in PSD had no influence on crystallinity of products. Fat and lecithin content influenced the degree of crystallinity and melting properties (Tend, Tindex and DHmelt) of the products. Increasing fat content caused consistent increases in degree of crystallinity and crystal size distribution, thus effecting significant changes in Tend, …
Effects Of Tempering And Fat Crystallisation Behaviours On Microstructure, Mechanical Properties And Appearance In Dark Chocolates, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Effects Of Tempering And Fat Crystallisation Behaviours On Microstructure, Mechanical Properties And Appearance In Dark Chocolates, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
No abstract provided.
Factors Influencing Quality Charateristics Of Chocolate Systems During Industrial Manufacture, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Factors Influencing Quality Charateristics Of Chocolate Systems During Industrial Manufacture, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Tempering And Fat Crystalization Behaviours On Microstructure, Mechanical Properties And Appearance In Dark Chocolate Systems., Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistaiar Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Effects Of Tempering And Fat Crystalization Behaviours On Microstructure, Mechanical Properties And Appearance In Dark Chocolate Systems., Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistaiar Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Fat crystallisation behaviours in dark chocolates from varying particle size distribution (PSD) (D90 of 18, 25, 35 and 50 µm) was studied, yielding products from different temper regimes (optimal temper, over-temper and under-temper), and their effects on mechanical properties and appearance evaluated. Microstructures of derived products were determined using stereoscopic binocular microscopy. Wide variations in mechanical properties and appearance were noted in products from different particle size and temper regimes. Particle size (PS) was inversely related with texture and colour, with the greatest effects noted in hardness, stickiness and lightness at all temper regimes. Over-tempering caused significant increases in product …
Relationship Between Rheological, Textural And Melting Properties Of Dark Chocolate As Infuenced By Particle Size Distribution And Composition, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Relationship Between Rheological, Textural And Melting Properties Of Dark Chocolate As Infuenced By Particle Size Distribution And Composition, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
In dark chocolate, rheological properties during processing are influenced by particle size distribution (PSD), fat and lecithin contents with consequential effects on finished texture and melting characteristics. Multivariate regression, correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) were used to explore their interrelationships. A 4 x 3 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted with varying PSD [D90 (90% finer than this size) of 18ìm, 25ìm, 35ìm and 50ìm), fat (25%, 30% and 35%) and lecithin (0.3% and 0.5%). Rheological properties (yield stress and apparent viscosity), textural properties (firmness, index of viscosity and hardness) and melting index (duration) were respectively measured using shear …
Particle Size Distribution And Compositional Effects On Textural Properties And Appearance Of Dark Chocolates, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Particle Size Distribution And Compositional Effects On Textural Properties And Appearance Of Dark Chocolates, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler, Joselio Vieira
Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa
Particle size distribution (PSD) and composition in dark chocolate were varied and their effects on textural properties of molten and tempered chocolates determined using a TA.HD Plus Texture Analyzer. Surface colour was evaluated in terms of CIELAB parameters L*, C* and h° using a HunterLab Miniscan Colorimeter. Compositional parameters for particle size distribution were [D90 (>90% finer) of 18 ìm, 25 ìm, 35 ìm and 50 ìm], fat (25%, 30% and 35%) and lecithin (0.3% and 0.5%) contents. Results showed that PSD, fat and lecithin content significantly (p<0.05) influenced the textural parameters with significant interactions among factors. Particle size was inversely correlated with firmness (1235 - 173 g), consistency (50410 - 7029 g.s), cohesiveness (1594 - 262 g), index of viscosity (5737 - 1099 g.s) and hardness (7062 - 5546 g) with chocolates containing 25% fat and 0.3% lecithin. With higher fat and lecithin contents, PSD influence was reduced. PSD and fat concentration inversely influenced all colour measurements (L*, C* and h°) of samples. High correlations (r = 0.71 – 1.00, P<0.001) were observed between texture parameters and colour. It was concluded that PSD, fat and lecithin contents and their interactions were central to changes in textural properties and appearance during processing of dark chocolates.