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2008

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Packaging Atmospheres And Injection Enhancement Affect Beef Tenderness And Sensory Traits, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2008

Packaging Atmospheres And Injection Enhancement Affect Beef Tenderness And Sensory Traits, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Case-ready meat provides many benefits, including quality and safety. Meat packaged in high-oxygen (HiO2) modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has a desirable bright red display color but may have increased off- flavors and decreased tenderness. According to several international research reports, steaks aged and packaged in HiO2 MAP had more off-flavor, including warmed-over flavor, and were less tender and juicy than steaks aged in vacuum packaging (VP). Research at Kansas State University found that injection-enhanced beef quadriceps muscles packaged in HiO2 MAP were less tender and had more offflavors than those in ultra-low oxygen MAP. Detrimental effects of O2 on tenderness …

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Variation In Chemical Composition Of Soybean Hulls (2008), F F. Barbosa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Variation In Chemical Composition Of Soybean Hulls (2008), F F. Barbosa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to examine the variation in chemical composition of soybean hulls. Our goal was to develop regression equations characterizing the nutritive value of soybean hulls for use in swine diets. Samples (n = 39) were collected from different processing plants across the United States and analyzed for CP, GE, crude fiber (CF), ADF, NDF, fat, ash, Ca, P, and essential amino acids. One sample was excluded from these results because it contained approximately 10 times the amount of Ca (5.2% vs. a mean of 0.57%) as other samples. The results of chemical analysis of the …

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Determining The Accuracy Of Gestation Feed Drops (2008), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband Jan 2008

Determining The Accuracy Of Gestation Feed Drops (2008), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Summary Objective: To determine the accuracy of three different types of gestation feed drops. Materials and methods: Econo, Accu, and Ultra feed drops (Automated Production Systems, Assumption, Illinois) were attached to feed lines at three angles (90Ëš, 75Ëš, and 60Ëš). Feed was collected and weighed at settings of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 lb (0.9, 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.65 kg) for the Econo and Accu feed drops and 2, 4, 6, and 8 lb for the Ultra feed drops. Results: There was a drop type × angle × feed level interaction (P<.01) for the feed settings versus the actual amount dropped. At 90Ëš, the relationship between the feeder setting (x) and actual quantity of feed dropped was best described by the regression equation (1.156x + 0.244) for the Econo, (1.010x + 0.072) for the Accu, and (1.009x + 0.231) for the Ultra feed drops. At 75Ëš, the regression equations were (1.014x — 0.139) for the Econo, (0.997x + 0.057) for the Accu, and (1.005x + 0.156) for the Ultra feed drops. At 60Ëš, the regression equations were (0.689x — 0.076) for the Econo, (0.989x — 0.249) for the Accu, and (0.951x + 0.026) for the Ultra feed drops. Implications: The type of feed drop and its angle relative to the feed line influences the amount of feed dispensed at a feeder setting. The Accu and Ultra feed drops more accurately dispense the correct amount of feed than the Econo feed drops.; Journal of Swine Health and Production; 16; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

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Validation Of Control Diets For Lactose And Fish Meal Replacement Studies In Nursery Pigs (2008), R C. Sulabo, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Validation Of Control Diets For Lactose And Fish Meal Replacement Studies In Nursery Pigs (2008), R C. Sulabo, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to develop and validate control test diets to be used for lactose and fish meal replacement studies in nursery pigs. A total of 180 nursery pigs (PIC, initially 16.6 lb and 28 ± 2 d of age) were blocked by initial weight and randomly allotted to 1 of the following 6 dietary treatments: (1) negative control (NC) diet based on corn-soybean meal, (2) NC + 10% food-grade whey, (3) NC + 10% feed-grade whey, (4) Diet 2 + 4.5% select menhaden fish meal, (5) Diet 2 + 2.25% select menhaden fish meal and 1.25% …

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Influence Of Organoleptic Properties Of The Feed And Nursery Diet Complexity On Preweaning And Nursery Performance (2008), R C. Sulabo, C D. Risley, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Influence Of Organoleptic Properties Of The Feed And Nursery Diet Complexity On Preweaning And Nursery Performance (2008), R C. Sulabo, C D. Risley, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were performed to determine the effects of adding an enhanced feed flavor to the creep feed on the proportion of piglets consuming creep feed within litters and preweaning performance (Exp. 1) and the interactive effects of preweaning exposure to the flavor, nursery diet complexity, and flavor addition to nursery diets on postweaning performance (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, 50 sows (PIC 1050) were blocked according to parity and date of farrowing and allotted to 2 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatment 1 was a creep diet with no flavor (negative control), and treatment 2 was …

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Influence Of Glycerol And Added Fat On Finishing Pig Performance (2008), A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Influence Of Glycerol And Added Fat On Finishing Pig Performance (2008), A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-d study was conducted to determine the influence of dietary glycerol on grow-finish pig performance. The experiment was conducted at a commercial swine research facility in southwest Minnesota. A total of 1,093 pigs (initially 171.3 lb, PIC) were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of glycerol (0, 2.5, or 5%) and added fat (0 or 6%). Overall (d 0 to 28), there was a fat × glycerol interaction (P<0.04) for ADFI. When 5% glycerol was added to diets without added fat, ADFI decreased; however, ADFI did not change when glycerol was added to diets containing 6% added fat. Pigs fed diets with added fat had improved (P<0.01) ADG and F/G compared with pigs fed diets with no added fat. Increasing glycerol decreased ADG (linear, P<0.02) and ADFI (linear, P<0.04) and tended (linear, P<0.08) to worsen F/G, a result of the negative effect of adding glycerol to diets without fat. In conclusion, 6% added fat improved ADG and F/G, but the glycerol used in this study decreased ADG and ADFI when added to diets without added fat.; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

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Use Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles And Soybean Hulls In Nursery Pig Diets (2008), F F. Barbosa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Use Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles And Soybean Hulls In Nursery Pig Diets (2008), F F. Barbosa, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 3,186 pigs were used in two 21-d experiments to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed different levels of dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) or soybean hulls. In each experiment, pigs (n = 1,593, and 24.0 lb in Exp. 1 and n = 1,593, and 27.3 lb in Exp. 2) were allotted to 72 pens (36 pens of barrows and 36 pens of gilts) with 21 or 22 pigs per pen on d 21 after weaning. A pen of barrows and pen of gilts shared a common feeder; thus, feeder was the experimental unit. In Exp. …

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Influence Of Antimicrobial Sequence In The Nursery On Pig Performance And Economic Return (2008), M U. Steidinger, D Dau, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Influence Of Antimicrobial Sequence In The Nursery On Pig Performance And Economic Return (2008), M U. Steidinger, D Dau, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,008 pigs (11.9 lb and 19 d of age) were used in a 42-d experiment to determine the influence of antibiotic regimen on growth performance and economic return. From d 0 to 10, pigs were fed diets containing either no antibiotic or Denagard at 35 g/ton and chlortetracycline at 400 g/ton (Denagard/CTC). From d 10 to 21, diets contained no medication, Denagard/CTC, Mecadox at 25 g/ton and Oxytetracycline at 400 g/ton, or Mecadox at 50 g/ton. From d 21 to 42, diets contained either no medication or Denagard/CTC. Adding Denagard/CTC to the diet from d 0 to …

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Genetic Background Influences Pig Growth Rate Responses To Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (Pcv2) Vaccines (2008), M L. Potter, Lisa M. Tokach, Steven C. Henry, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Raymond R. Rowland R, Richard D. Oberst, Richard A. Hesse, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Genetic Background Influences Pig Growth Rate Responses To Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (Pcv2) Vaccines (2008), M L. Potter, Lisa M. Tokach, Steven C. Henry, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Raymond R. Rowland R, Richard D. Oberst, Richard A. Hesse, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 454 pigs (21 d of age, 13.4 lb) were used in a 130-d field study to investigate porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine effects on growth performance of boars and gilts of 4 different genetic backgrounds: A×A (Duroc-based sire and dam), B×B (synthetic line sire and dam lines derived from Duroc, Pie-train, and Large White), A×B, and B×A. Pigs were identified as potential test pigs at birth and ear tagged for identification. Characteristics including litter, genetic background, gender, and birth weight were recorded and used in allotting PCV2 vaccine treatment groups. Pigs were vaccinated according to label …

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Evaluation Of Deoiled Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (Solvent Extracted) On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2008), J Y. Jacela, L Brandts, R C. Thaler, D Peters, D E. Little, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Evaluation Of Deoiled Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles (Solvent Extracted) On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2008), J Y. Jacela, L Brandts, R C. Thaler, D Peters, D E. Little, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 210 pigs (initially 22.0 lb) were used in a 28-d study to evaluate the effects of increasing deoiled corn dried distillers grains with solubles, solvent extracted (dDGS) on nursery pig growth performance. Pigs were blocked on the basis of pen weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, 20, or 30% dDGS. There were 7 pens per treatment and 6 pigs per pen. All diets were formulated to equivalent ME and standardized ileal digestible lysine concentrations. Soybean oil was added to the dDGS diets as an energy source to equalize dietary …

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Evaluation Of Commercial Enzyme Supplementation On Growing Pig Performance (2008), J Y. Jacela, P Brown, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Evaluation Of Commercial Enzyme Supplementation On Growing Pig Performance (2008), J Y. Jacela, P Brown, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,129 pigs were used in a 56-d study to evaluate the effect of a commercial enzyme on growth performance and assess its energy replacement value in swine diets. Pigs were blocked on the basis of pen weights and allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments fed in 3 phases. Dietary treatments had increasing levels of fat (0, 2.5, and 5.0%) with or without added enzyme (0.05% or 0% Agri-King REAP). Phase 1 was fed from approximately 75 to 110 lb BW, phase 2 was fed from 110 to 160 lb BW, and phase 3 was fed from …

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Effects Of Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean) And Α-Lipoic Acid On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Terry A. Houser, Michael D. Tokach, J A. Gunderson, A N. Gipe, J Jacela, J M. Benz, R C. Sulabo, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean) And Α-Lipoic Acid On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Terry A. Houser, Michael D. Tokach, J A. Gunderson, A N. Gipe, J Jacela, J M. Benz, R C. Sulabo, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 48 gilts (initially 211 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of ractopamine HCl and α-lipoic acid on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 22-d experi-ment. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of ractopamine HCl (0 or 9 g/ton) and α-lipoic acid (0 or 300 ppm). For overall growth performance (d 0 to 22), ADG tended (P<0.09) to be greater for pigs fed ractopamine HCl. Although F/G improved (P<0.01) for pigs fed ractopamine HCl, there was a trend (P<0.07) for an interaction between ractopamine HCl and α-lipoic acid. For pigs fed diets without ractopamine HCl, added α-lipoic acid numerically improved F/G, whereas in pigs fed ractopamine HCl, added α-lipoic acid numerically worsened F/G. Average final weight tended (P<0.06) to be greater for pigs fed ractopamine HCl. No other differences in growth performance were observed. For the comparison of carcass characteristics, average live weight, HCW, yield, loin eye area at the 10th rib, and standardized fat-free lean were increased (P<0.04) for pigs fed ractopamine HCl. Average backfat thickness tended (P<0.06) to decrease for pigs fed ractopamine HCl. Tenth-rib backfat increased (P<0.05) for pigs fed α-lipoic acid, and the percent fat-free lean of pigs fed α-lipoic acid tended (P<0.10) to decrease as a result. In conclusion, the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed ractopamine HCl were improved. Feeding 300 ppm of α-lipoic acid did not affect growth performance but did tend to increase carcass fat content.; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

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Effects Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 And Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccination Timing And Starter Diet Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2008), E M. Kane, M L. Potter, J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 And Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Vaccination Timing And Starter Diet Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2008), E M. Kane, M L. Potter, J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 400 nursery pigs (initially 12.5 lb) were used in a 20-d study to evaluate the effects of varying porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination timing on growth performance of pigs fed commercial segregated early weaning (SEW) and transition diets from 4 different sources. At weaning (d 0), pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 treatments. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial on the basis of vaccination timing (0 or 8 d after weaning) and diet source (A, B, C, or D). There were 5 pigs per …

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Effects Of Increasing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine:Calorie Ratio For 120- To 180-Lb Gilts Grown In A Commercial Finishing Environment (2008), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Increasing Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine:Calorie Ratio For 120- To 180-Lb Gilts Grown In A Commercial Finishing Environment (2008), N W. Shelton, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-d growth trial was conducted to estimate the lysine requirement for 120- to 180-lb gilts. A total of 1,092 gilts (initially 121.7 lb, PIC 337 × 1050) were allotted to treatment diets with standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine/ME ratios of 1.89, 2.12, 2.35, 2.58, 2.81, and 3.04 g/Mcal. All diets contained 0.15% L-lysine HCl and 3% choice white grease and were formulated to meet or exceed all other requirements. Seven replicate pens per treatment were used; there were approximately 26 pigs per pen. Gilts were vaccinated with 2 doses of commercial porcine circo virus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine while …

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Effects Of Increasing Dietary Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles And Glycerol On Pork Loin Quality (2008), A N. Gipe, Terry A. Houser, A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, K J. Prusa, C A. Fedler, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband Jan 2008

Effects Of Increasing Dietary Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles And Glycerol On Pork Loin Quality (2008), A N. Gipe, Terry A. Houser, A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, K J. Prusa, C A. Fedler, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,160 barrows (PIC, initially 68.4 lb) were used in a 70-d study to determine the influence of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and glycerol on pork loin quality attributes. The pigs were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 7 replications per treatment. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with the addition of DDGS, glycerol, or a combination of these. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of DDGS (0 or 20%) and glycerol (0, 2.5, or 5%). Pork loins from the 2 heaviest …

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Effects Of Feeding Excess Crude Protein On Growth Performance And Carcass Traits Of Finishing Pigs (2008), S M. Williams, C Feoli, S Issa, Terry L. Gugle, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2008

Effects Of Feeding Excess Crude Protein On Growth Performance And Carcass Traits Of Finishing Pigs (2008), S M. Williams, C Feoli, S Issa, Terry L. Gugle, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 176 pigs (88 barrows and 88 gilts, average initial BW of 209 lb) were used in a 33-d experiment to determine the effects of excess dietary CP on growth performance and carcass measurements of finishing pigs. Pigs were sorted by sex and ancestry and blocked by weight with 11 pigs per pen and 4 pens per treatment. Treatments were corn-soybean meal based and formulated to a minimum of 0.80% total lysine but with 12, 14, 16, and 18% CP. Feed and water were consumed on an ad libitum basis until pigs were slaughtered (average final BW of …

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Effects Of Feeder Design On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Feeder Design On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of feeder design (conventional dry vs. wet-dry feeder) on finishing pig performance. In Exp. 1, 1,186 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050) were used in a 69-d experiment. Pigs were weighed (avg. 70.8 lb) and allotted to 1 of 2 feeder types in a completely randomized design. There were 22 pens per feeder type with 26 to 28 pigs per pen. All pigs were fed the same dietary sequence in 4 phases (d 0 to 10, 10 to 28, 28 to 50, and 50 to 69). Overall (d 0 to 69), pigs using …

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Effects Of Feeder Adjustment On Growth Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs (2008), A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Feeder Adjustment On Growth Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs (2008), A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of feeder adjustment on growth performance of growing and finishing pigs. Both experiments were conducted at a commercial swine research facility in southwest Minnesota. In Exp. 1, a total of 1,170 barrows and gilts (PIC, initially 129.0 lb) were used in a 70-d study. Pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with 9 replications per treatment. The treatments were feeder settings of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, based on settings at the top of the STACO stainless steel dry feeders. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal-based …

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Effects Of Expander Conditioning On The Nutritional Value Of Diets With Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Nursery And Finishing Pigs (2008), C Feoli, Terry L. Gugle, S D. Carter, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke Jan 2008

Effects Of Expander Conditioning On The Nutritional Value Of Diets With Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Nursery And Finishing Pigs (2008), C Feoli, Terry L. Gugle, S D. Carter, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of expander conditioning on nutritional value of diets without and with corn- and sorghum-based dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). In Exp. 1, 180 nursery pigs (average weight 29 lb) were assigned to 30 pens. Treatments were arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of diet formulation (corn-soybean meal vs. 30% corn- or sorghum-based DDGS) and conditioning (standard steam vs. expander) prior to pelleting. Pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets had better (P<0.005) ADG, F/G, and digestibility of DM, N, and GE than pigs fed diets with DDGS. Diets with corn-based DDGS supported better (P<0.03) ADG, F/G, and digestibility of DM and N than diets with sorghum-based DDGS. Expander processing improved (P<0.009) ADG, F/G, and digestibility of DM, N, and GE compared with standard conditioning. Pigs fed diets with sorghum-based DDGS showed the greatest response in F/G to expander conditioning leading to a DDGS source × conditioning interaction (P<0.008). In Exp. 2, 176 finishing pigs (average weight 164 lb) were assigned to 16 pens. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of diet formulation (corn-soybean meal vs. 40% sorghum-based DDGS) and conditioning (standard steam vs. ex-pander) prior to pelleting. Net electrical energy required for feed processing was lower (P<0.001) and production rate was greater (P<0.005) for the corn-soybean meal diets than for diets with DDGS. However, pellet durability was improved (P<0.001) by addition of DDGS to the diets. Pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets had better (P<0.03) overall ADG and F/G than pigs fed diets with DDGS. Expander conditioning did not affect ADG (P>0.83) but improved overall F/G and dressing percentage (P<0.007). In Exp. 3, 192 finishing pigs (average weight 222 lb) were assigned to 16 pens to determine nutrient digestibility. Treatments were the same as in Exp. 2. Feed and water was consumed ad libitum during a 6-d adjustment period; then, feces were collected for 2 d. Corn-soybean meal diets had greater (P<0.001) digestibility of DM, N, and GE than diets with DDGS, and expander conditioning improved (P<0.02) digestibility of DM, N, and GE compared with standard conditioning. However, the improved digestibility of DM with expander conditioning was apparent primarily for the DDGS diets (diet × conditioning interaction, P<0.01). In conclusion, expanding diets improved ADG, F/G, and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs and F/G, dressing percentage, and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs fed diets without and with DDGS.; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

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Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Sow Carcass Fat Quality (2008), Terry A. Houser, A N. Gipe, B L. Goehring, S L. Hillyard, A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles On Sow Carcass Fat Quality (2008), Terry A. Houser, A N. Gipe, B L. Goehring, S L. Hillyard, A W. Duttlinger, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A pilot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding nonpregnant (open) sows a diet containing 50% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth and carcass fat quality. A total of 8 open sows were allotted to 1 of 2 diets by parity and BW. One diet was a standard corn-soybean meal-based gestation diet; the second diet was a corn-soybean meal-based diet that contained 50% DDGS. All sows were fed 5 lb/d of feed in a single feeding for 92 d. All sows were harvested on d 92 at the Kansas State University Meat Laboratory for determination of …

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Effects Of Copper Sulfate, Tri-Basic Copper Chloride, And Zinc Oxide On Weanling Pig Growth And Plasma Mineral Concentrations (2008), N W. Shelton, Jim L. Nelssen, G M. Hill, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of Copper Sulfate, Tri-Basic Copper Chloride, And Zinc Oxide On Weanling Pig Growth And Plasma Mineral Concentrations (2008), N W. Shelton, Jim L. Nelssen, G M. Hill, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 28-d experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing dietary zinc and copper levels on weanling pig performance. In each experiment, 180 weanling pigs (PIC, 21 d of age, 12.5 lb in Exp. 1 and 13.2 lb in Exp. 2) were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments with 5 and 6 replications in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Diets were fed in 2 phases (d 0 to 14 and 14 to 28), and the trace mineral premix provided 165 ppm zinc and 16.5 ppm copper to all diets. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged as a 2 × …

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Effects Of 200 Ppb Added Chromium From Chromium Propionate On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Effects Of 200 Ppb Added Chromium From Chromium Propionate On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (2008), J R. Bergstrom, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,207 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050) were used in a 103-d experiment in a commercial research barn to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed 200 ppb chromium propionate. There were 22 replicate pens per treatment with 25 to 28 pigs per pen for the evaluation of chromium propionate from d 0 to 84 and 11 replicates per treatment for evaluating chromium propionate (0 and 200 ppb) and Paylean (0 and 9 g/ton) in a split-plot arrangement from d 84 to 103. Pigs were weighed (avg. 67.7 lb) and randomly allotted to 2 …

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Diet Preference And Growth Performance In Weanling Pigs Fed Diets With Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) (2008), C Feoli, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke Jan 2008

Diet Preference And Growth Performance In Weanling Pigs Fed Diets With Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) (2008), C Feoli, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adding 5% Morinda citrifolia (noni; Morinda Agricultural Products, Orem, UT) to diets for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 pigs (initially 9.3 lb) were used in a 29-d preference study. There were 6 pigs per pen and 8 pens total. The pens were equipped with 2 identical feeders (for diets without and with noni puree), and position of the feeders was switched each afternoon to prevent feeder location from affecting diet consumption. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based, pelleted, and had 1.8% lysine for d 0 to 5, 1.6% lysine for d …

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Amino Acid Digestibility Of High-Protein Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Pigs (2008), J Y. Jacela, H L. Frobose, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2008

Amino Acid Digestibility Of High-Protein Corn Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles In Pigs (2008), J Y. Jacela, H L. Frobose, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this experiment was to determine the digestibility of amino acids (AA) in a high-protein dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) product. Six growing barrows (initially 50 lb) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum to allow for ileal digesta collection. After recovery, the pigs were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments in a crossover design with 2 periods. The first diet contained high-protein DDGS (67% of the diet) as the sole protein source; the second was a nitrogen-free diet for determining basal endogenous AA loss. Chromic oxide was added to both diets as an …

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Determining The Accuracy Of Gestation Feed Drops (2008), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband Jan 2008

Determining The Accuracy Of Gestation Feed Drops (2008), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: To determine the accuracy of three different types of gestation feed drops. Materials and methods: Econo, Accu, and Ultra feed drops (Automated Production Systems, Assumption, Illinois) were attached to feed lines at three angles (90Ëš, 75Ëš, and 60Ëš). Feed was collected and weighed at settings of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 lb (0.9, 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.65 kg) for the Econo and Accu feed drops and 2, 4, 6, and 8 lb for the Ultra feed drops. Results: There was a drop type × angle × feed level interaction (P<.01) for the feed settings versus the actual amount dropped. At 90Ëš, the relationship between the feeder setting (x) and actual quantity of feed dropped was best described by the regression equation (1.156x + 0.244) for the Econo, (1.010x + 0.072) for the Accu, and (1.009x + 0.231) for the Ultra feed drops. At 75Ëš, the regression equations were (1.014x — 0.139) for the Econo, (0.997x + 0.057) for the Accu, and (1.005x + 0.156) for the Ultra feed drops. At 60Ëš, the regression equations were (0.689x — 0.076) for the Econo, (0.989x — 0.249) for the Accu, and (0.951x + 0.026) for the Ultra feed drops. Implications: The type of feed drop and its angle relative to the feed line influences the amount of feed dispensed at a feeder setting. The Accu and Ultra feed drops more accurately dispense the correct amount of feed than the Econo feed drops.; Journal of Swine Health and Production; 16; Swine Day, 2008, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2008

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Antimicrobial Ingredients Affect Beef Snack Stick Quality (2008), A.L. Mayer, J.A. Gunderson, A.S. Lobaton-Sulabo, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Terry A. Houser, James J. Higgins Jan 2008

Antimicrobial Ingredients Affect Beef Snack Stick Quality (2008), A.L. Mayer, J.A. Gunderson, A.S. Lobaton-Sulabo, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Terry A. Houser, James J. Higgins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Centers for Disease Control and Pre- vention estimate that 2,500 people become infected with listerosis each year by consuming food containing Listeria monocytogenes. Certain ready-to-eat meat and poultry products, particularly deli meats and hot dogs, are considered high risk products based on a Listeria risk assessment performed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. Meat and poultry processors use various strategies to minimize L. monocytogenes contamination in ready-to-eat products; one strategy is inclusion of antimicrobial ingredients. Meat snacks, including snack sticks, …

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Blade Tenderization In Combination With Injection Enhancement Containing An Enzyme Increases Tenderness Of Strip Steaks From Fed Cull Cows (2008), Stacy L. Hutchinson, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2008

Blade Tenderization In Combination With Injection Enhancement Containing An Enzyme Increases Tenderness Of Strip Steaks From Fed Cull Cows (2008), Stacy L. Hutchinson, M.J. Daniel, James J. Higgins, John A. Unruh, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cow meat is tougher than meat from young steers and heifers and typically has a less desirable, darker color. It is generally assumed that cow meat will need to be ground or have some form of post-mortem tenderization applied to be merchandized as a whole muscle product. Most cow steaks are fabricated by food service providers for their customers with different specifications for aging and post-mortem tenderization application. Aging, blade tenderization, and injection enhancement are commonly used on cow meat to increase tenderness. It is unknown if an extended aging period is needed in addition to a combination of tenderization …

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Optimizing Ground Beef Lean Sources To Maximize Display Color Life (2008), C. Raines, Melvin C. Hunt, John A. Unruh Jan 2008

Optimizing Ground Beef Lean Sources To Maximize Display Color Life (2008), C. Raines, Melvin C. Hunt, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

It is widely accepted that meat color is the most important influencer of consumers' meat purchasing decisions. Understanding how ground cow meat discolors is, and will continue to be, very important as a large influx of cull dairy cows in the U.S. meat supply is predicted. Optimal management and more timely marketing of cows should result in increased revenue for the beef industry. However, many valuable by-products from cows have been labeled as specified risk materials accompanied by a lost value. Thus, there is an unprecedented need to add value to cow meat. Research characterizing cow muscles and how to …

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Packaging Atmospheres Alter Beef Tenderness, Fresh Color Stability, And Internal Cooked Color (2008), J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Melvin C. Hunt Jan 2008

Packaging Atmospheres Alter Beef Tenderness, Fresh Color Stability, And Internal Cooked Color (2008), J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman, George A. Milliken, Melvin C. Hunt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Several meat quality traits affect consumers' overall purchase decisions and satisfaction with meat products, but color is the major factor affecting purchasing decisions. According to some researchers, tenderness is the most important palatability attribute in consumers' overall eating experience. Case-ready packaging in the meat industry is growing at a rapid rate and generally includes modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with specific gases. Advantages of MAP include use of a centralized location, improved sanitation control, more consistent products, and increased marketing flexibility. Packaging beef in highoxygen (HiO2) MAP results in a desirable bright red lean color but can have detrimental effects on …

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Vitamin A Restriction During Finishing Benefits Beef Retail Color Display Life (2008), M.J. Daniel, A.M. Arnett, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2008

Vitamin A Restriction During Finishing Benefits Beef Retail Color Display Life (2008), M.J. Daniel, A.M. Arnett, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Because the beef industry commonly uses marbling as an indicator of meat palatability, determining the most cost effective methods of increasing quality grade in cattle is a high priority. Previous research showed that weaning calves at around 90 instead of 200 days of age can be beneficial in reducing cow production costs and increasing marbling in feedlot steers. Other studies demonstrated that high levels of vitamin A inhibit development of intramuscular fat. Vitamin A restriction is used commonly in Japanese cattle to increase marbling scores; this stimulated interest in applying this restriction in U.S. beef production systems. However, little research …

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