Life Sciences Commons^™

Vegetation Of The Ulao Swamp, A Disturbed Hardwood-Conifer Swamp In Southeastern Wisconsin, Jill A. Hapner, James A. Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

Ulao Swamp (Grafton, Wisconsin) is a 185-hectare wetland, which was a confer/hardwood swamp before European settlement. Post-settlement disturbances include logging, drainage, flooding, cultivation, grazing, non-metallic mining, and development in the watershed. As a result of these disturbances, very little of the presettlement-type mixed hardwood and cedar/tamarack conifer swamp vegetation currently remains in the wetland. Historically the northern quarter of the wetland had surface drainage to the north, and the southern three-quarters drained to the south. Between 1980 and 1985 a north-south ditch was constructed causing water from the northern quarter of the wetland to drain southward, dramatically increasing water levels …