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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Facilitation And Competition On Gradients In Alpine Plant Communities, Philippe Choler, Richard Michalet, Ragan M. Callaway
Facilitation And Competition On Gradients In Alpine Plant Communities, Philippe Choler, Richard Michalet, Ragan M. Callaway
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We conducted a neighbor removal experiment in natural alpine plant communities of the southwestern Alps to test for the relative importance of competitive and facilitative interactions along elevational and topographical gradients. The experimental sites were chosen to encompass most of the floristic diversity observed along gradients of elevation and topography, which are the two main ecological gradients associated with alpine plant communities in the western Alps. The effects of neighbor removal on the survival, aboveground biomass, and reproduction of five target species were tested at each of six experimental sites. Using biomass data, we calculated relative competitive index (RCI) and …
Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel As(V)-Reducing Bacterium: Implications For Arsenic Mobilization And The Genus Desulfitobacterium, Allison Niggemyer, Stefan Spring, Erko Stackebrandt, Frank Rosenzweig
Isolation And Characterization Of A Novel As(V)-Reducing Bacterium: Implications For Arsenic Mobilization And The Genus Desulfitobacterium, Allison Niggemyer, Stefan Spring, Erko Stackebrandt, Frank Rosenzweig
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria have been implicated in the mobilization of arsenic from arsenic-enriched sediments. An As(V)-reducing bacterium, designated strain GBFH, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Strain GBFH couples the oxidation of formate to the reduction of As(V) when formate is supplied as the sole carbon source and electron donor. Additionally, strain GBFH is capable of reducing As(V), Fe(III), Se(VI), Mn(IV) and a variety of oxidized sulfur species. 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons reveal that strain GBFH is closely related to Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2T and Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1T. Comparative physiology demonstrates that D …
Percent G+C Profiling Accurately Reveals Diet-Related Differences In The Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Of Broiler Chickens, Juha H. A. Apajalahti, Anu Kettunen, Michael R. Bedford, William E. Holben
Percent G+C Profiling Accurately Reveals Diet-Related Differences In The Gastrointestinal Microbial Community Of Broiler Chickens, Juha H. A. Apajalahti, Anu Kettunen, Michael R. Bedford, William E. Holben
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Broiler chickens from eight commercial farms in Southern Finland were analyzed for the structure of their gastrointestinal microbial community by a nonselective DNA-based method, percent G+C-based profiling. The bacteriological impact of the feed source and in-farm whole-wheat amendment of the diet was assessed by percent G+C profiling. Also, a phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-based study was carried out to aid in interpretation of the percent G+C profiles. This survey showed that most of the 16S rDNA sequences found could not be assigned to any previously known bacterial genus or they represented an unknown species of one of the taxonomically heterogeneous …
Structural And Functional Analysis Of Interhelical Interactions In The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp41 Envelope Glycoprotein By Alanine-Scanning Mutagenesis, Min Lu, Marisa O. Stoller, Shilong Wang, Jie Liu, Melinda B. Fagan, Jack H. Nunberg
Structural And Functional Analysis Of Interhelical Interactions In The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp41 Envelope Glycoprotein By Alanine-Scanning Mutagenesis, Min Lu, Marisa O. Stoller, Shilong Wang, Jie Liu, Melinda B. Fagan, Jack H. Nunberg
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Membrane fusion by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is promoted by the refolding of the viral envelope glycoprotein into a fusion-active conformation. The structure of the gp41 ectodomain core in its fusion-active state is a trimer of hairpins in which three antiparallel carboxyl-terminal helices pack into hydrophobic grooves on the surface of an amino-terminal trimeric coiled coil. In an effort to identify amino acid residues in these grooves that are critical for gp41 activation, we have used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to investigate the importance of individual side chains in determining the biophysical properties of the gp41 core and the membrane …
Structure Of The Rgrgs Domain Of P115rhogef, Zhe Chen, Clark D. Wells, Paul C. Sternweis, Stephen R. Sprang
Structure Of The Rgrgs Domain Of P115rhogef, Zhe Chen, Clark D. Wells, Paul C. Sternweis, Stephen R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
p115RhoGEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPase, is also a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for G12 and G13 heterotrimeric Gα subunits. Near its N-terminus, p115RhoGEF contains a domain (rgRGS) with remote sequence identity to RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) domains. The rgRGS domain is necessary but not sufficient for the GAP activity of p115RhoGEF. The 1.9 Å resolution crystal structure of the rgRGS domain shows structural similarity to RGS domains but possesses a C-terminal extension that folds into a layer of helices that pack against the hydrophobic core of the domain. Mutagenesis experiments show that …
Spatial And Temporal Variability In Nest Success Of Snail Kites In Florida : A Meta-Analysis, Victoria J. Dreitz, Robert E. Bennetts, Brian Toland, Wiley M. Kitchens, Michael W. Collopy
Spatial And Temporal Variability In Nest Success Of Snail Kites In Florida : A Meta-Analysis, Victoria J. Dreitz, Robert E. Bennetts, Brian Toland, Wiley M. Kitchens, Michael W. Collopy
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Nesting success of Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in Florida is highly variable among years and locations, and hydrology is the most frequently reported explanatory factor. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the extent of spatial and temporal variability in nesting success, and explicitly tested for the effects of annual minimum water levels. Data were obtained from six independent studies spanning 22 years and 11 wetlands. Our results indicated there was substantial spatial and temporal variability in nest success and that annual minimum water level, either as a categorical or continuous response, was not a significant source of this …
Restoring Enriched Grasslands: Effects Of Mowing On Species Richness, Productivity, And Nitrogen Retention, John L. Maron, Robert L. Jefferies
Restoring Enriched Grasslands: Effects Of Mowing On Species Richness, Productivity, And Nitrogen Retention, John L. Maron, Robert L. Jefferies
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Species-rich grasslands that become enriched with nitrogen often suffer decreases in species richness, increases in plant biomass, and invasion by weedy exotic species. Suitable techniques to restore enriched grasslands and reestablish native communities are increasingly needed. Here we report results of a 5-yr experiment in enriched coastal prairie grasslands (Bodega Marine Reserve, Bodega Bay, California, USA), to determine the combined effects of mowing and biomass removal on total soil nitrogen, net rates of mineralization, nitrogen retention, and species richness and biomass. We mowed and removed plant biomass from plots in areas where the N-fixing shrub, bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus …
Transduction By Phi Bb-1, A Bacteriophage Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Christian H. Eggers, Betsy J. Kimmel, James L. Bono, Abdallah F. Elias, Patricia Rosa, D. Scott Samuels
Transduction By Phi Bb-1, A Bacteriophage Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Christian H. Eggers, Betsy J. Kimmel, James L. Bono, Abdallah F. Elias, Patricia Rosa, D. Scott Samuels
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We previously described a bacteriophage of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi designated phi BB-1. This phage packages the host complement of the 32-kb circular plasmids (cp32s), a group of homologous molecules found throughout the genus Borrelia. To demonstrate the ability of phi BB-1 to package and transduce DNA, a kanamycin resistance cassette was inserted into a cloned fragment of phage DNA, and the resulting construct was transformed into B. burgdorferi CA-11.2A cells. The kan cassette recombined into a resident cp32 and was stably maintained. The cp32 containing the kan cassette was packaged by phi BB-1 released from this B. …
Intrasteric Inhibition Of Atp Binding Is Not Required To Prevent Unregulated Autophosphorylation Or Signaling By The Insulin Receptor, Mark Frankel, Ararat J. Ablooglu, Joseph W. Leone, Elena Rusinova, J. B. A. Ross, Robert L. Heinrikson, Ronald A. Kohanski
Intrasteric Inhibition Of Atp Binding Is Not Required To Prevent Unregulated Autophosphorylation Or Signaling By The Insulin Receptor, Mark Frankel, Ararat J. Ablooglu, Joseph W. Leone, Elena Rusinova, J. B. A. Ross, Robert L. Heinrikson, Ronald A. Kohanski
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Receptor tyrosine kinases may use intrasteric inhibition to suppress autophosphorylation prior to growth factor stimulation. To test this hypothesis we made an Asp1161Ala mutant in the activation loop that relieved intrasteric inhibition of the unphosphorylated insulin receptor (IR) and its recombinant cytoplasmic kinase domain (IRKD) without affecting the activated state. Solution studies with the unphosphorylated mutant IRKD demonstrated conformational changes and greater catalytic efficiency from a 10-fold increase in kcat and a 15-fold-lower Km ATP although Km peptide was unchanged. Kinetic parameters of the autophosphorylated mutant and wild-type kinase domains were virtually identical. The Asp1161Ala mutation increased the …
Establishing A Direct Role For The Bartonella Bacilliformis Invasion-Associated Locus B (Ialb) Protein In Human Erythrocyte Parasitism, Sherry A. Coleman, Michael F. Minnick
Establishing A Direct Role For The Bartonella Bacilliformis Invasion-Associated Locus B (Ialb) Protein In Human Erythrocyte Parasitism, Sherry A. Coleman, Michael F. Minnick
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The invasion-associated locus A and B genes (ialAB) of Bartonella bacilliformis were previously shown to confer an erythrocyte-invasive phenotype upon Escherichia coli, indirectly implicating their role in virulence. We report the first direct demonstration of a role for ialB as a virulence factor in B, bacilliformis. The presence of a secretory signal sequence and amino acid sequence similarity to two known outer membrane proteins involved in virulence suggested that IalB was an outer membrane protein, To develop an antiserum for protein localization, the ialB gene was cloned in frame into an expression vector with a six-histidine tag and under control …
Complex Effects Arising In Smoke Plume Simulations Due To Inclusion Of Direct Emissions Of Oxygenated Organic Species From Biomass Combustion, Sherri A. Mason, Richard J. Field, Robert J. Yokelson, Michael A. Kochivar, Mark R. Tinsley, Darold E. Ward, Wei Min Hao
Complex Effects Arising In Smoke Plume Simulations Due To Inclusion Of Direct Emissions Of Oxygenated Organic Species From Biomass Combustion, Sherri A. Mason, Richard J. Field, Robert J. Yokelson, Michael A. Kochivar, Mark R. Tinsley, Darold E. Ward, Wei Min Hao
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Oxygenated volatile organic species (oxygenates), including HCOOH, H2CO, CH3OH, HOCH2CHO (hydroxyacetaldehyde), CH3COOH, and C6H5OH, have recently been identified by Fourier transform infrared measurements as a significant component of the direct emissions from biomass combustion. These oxygenates have not generally been included in the hydrocarbon-based initial emission profiles used in previous photochemical simulations of biomass combustion smoke plumes. We explore the effects of oxygenates on this photochemistry by using an established initial emission hydrocarbon profile and comparing simulation results obtained both with and without addition of the above six …
C2 Domains From Different Ca2+ Signaling Pathways Display Functional And Mechanistic Diversity, E. A. Nalefski, M. A. Wisner, J. Z. Chen, S. R. Sprang, M. Fukuda, K. Mikoshiba, J. J. Falke
C2 Domains From Different Ca2+ Signaling Pathways Display Functional And Mechanistic Diversity, E. A. Nalefski, M. A. Wisner, J. Z. Chen, S. R. Sprang, M. Fukuda, K. Mikoshiba, J. J. Falke
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The ubiquitous C2 domain is a conserved Ca2+-triggered membrane-docking module that targets numerous signaling proteins to membrane surfaces where they regulate diverse processes critical for cell signaling. In this study, we quantitatively compared the equilibrium and kinetic parameters of C2 domains isolated from three functionally distinct signaling proteins: cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2-α), protein kinase C-β (PKC-β), and synaptotagmin-IA (Syt-IA). The results show that equilibrium C2 domain docking to mixed phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine membranes occurs at micromolar Ca2+ concentrations for the cPLA2-α C2 domain, but requires 3- and 10-fold higher Ca2+ …
Experimental Model Of Human Body Louse Infection Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Bartonella Quintana, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Michael F. Minnick, Hubert Lepidi, Eric Salvo, Didier Raoult
Experimental Model Of Human Body Louse Infection Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Bartonella Quintana, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Michael F. Minnick, Hubert Lepidi, Eric Salvo, Didier Raoult
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A laboratory colony of human body lice was experimentally infected by feeding on rabbits made artificially bacteremic with a green fluorescent protein-expressing Bartonella quintana. B. quintana was detected in the gut and feces until death but not in the eggs. The life span of the lice was not modified. The rabbit model should provide valuable clues to the role of lice in the transmission of B. quintana.
Antibody Binding And Neutralization Of Primary And T-Cell Line-Adapted Isolates Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Joanne York, Kathryn E. Follis, Meg Trahey, Phillipe N. Nyambi, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Jack H. Nunberg
Antibody Binding And Neutralization Of Primary And T-Cell Line-Adapted Isolates Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Joanne York, Kathryn E. Follis, Meg Trahey, Phillipe N. Nyambi, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Jack H. Nunberg
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The relative resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates (PIs) to neutralization by a wide range of antibodies remains a theoretical and practical barrier to the development of an effective HIV vaccine. One model to account for the differential neutralization sensitivity between Pls and laboratory (or T-cell line-adapted [TCLA]) strains of HN suggests that the envelope protein (Env) complex is made more accessible to antibody binding as a consequence of adaptation to growth in established cell lines. Here, we revisit this question using genetically related PI and TCLA viruses and molecularly cloned env genes. By using complementary …
Crossing Methodological Boundaries: Assessing Visitor Motivations And Support For Management Actions At Yellowstone National Park Using Quantitative And Qualitative Research Approaches, William T. Borrie, Wayne A. Freimund, Mae A. Davenport, Robert E. Manning
Crossing Methodological Boundaries: Assessing Visitor Motivations And Support For Management Actions At Yellowstone National Park Using Quantitative And Qualitative Research Approaches, William T. Borrie, Wayne A. Freimund, Mae A. Davenport, Robert E. Manning
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Winter use of Yellowstone National Park has given rise to a complex of management issues, including rapid growth in recreation demand, environmental impacts of snowmobiling, and a string of litigation against the National Park Service (NPS) designed to both protect park resources and maintain public access (Sacklin et al. 2000). The intertwined character of these problems suggests that none can be resolved independently of the other, that policy must be comprehensive in nature, and that many sources of knowledge may be required to effect their resolution.
Approaches To Measuring Quality Of The Wilderness Experience, William T. Borrie, Robert M. Birzell
Approaches To Measuring Quality Of The Wilderness Experience, William T. Borrie, Robert M. Birzell
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
Wilderness is a special place that provides opportunity for unique and profound experiences. An essential task for the maintenance of these recreational opportunities is the definition and monitoring of experience quality. Four approaches to the measurement of the wilderness experience have developed in over 30 years of research: satisfaction approaches (which focus on evaluation of onsite conditions), benefits-based approaches (focusing on psychological outcomes), experience-based approaches (describing cognitive states experienced in wilderness), and meanings-based approaches (documenting socially constructed meanings ascribed to the experience). Each approach has its strengths and weaknesses. Given that the wilderness experience is a multifaceted phenomenon, it is …
Ecological And Fitness Consequences Of Species Coexistence: A Removal Experiment With Wood Warblers, P. R. Martin, Thomas E. Martin
Ecological And Fitness Consequences Of Species Coexistence: A Removal Experiment With Wood Warblers, P. R. Martin, Thomas E. Martin
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Local guilds define groups of species that share common resources and coexist in space and time. Local guilds have historically been a major focus of community ecology; however, studies of local guilds rarely measure consequences of coexistence for fitness-related traits or test predictions of alternative hypotheses for how species may interact. We studied consequences of coexistence for Orange-crowned Warblers (Vermivora celata) and Virginia's Warblers (V. virginiae), which have overlapping breeding territories in central Arizona. We used reciprocal removal experiments to examine (1) whether coexistence results in ecological consequences with respect to access to nest sites, access to food resources, nest …
Abiotic Vs. Biotic Influences On Habitat Selection Of Coexisting Species: Climate Change Impacts?, Thomas E. Martin
Abiotic Vs. Biotic Influences On Habitat Selection Of Coexisting Species: Climate Change Impacts?, Thomas E. Martin
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Species are commonly segregated along gradients of microclimate and vegetation. I explore the question of whether segregation is the result of microhabitat partitioning (biotic effects) or choice of differing microclimates (abiotic effects). I explored this question for four ground-nesting bird species that an segregated along a microclimate and vegetation gradient in Arizona. Birds shifted position of their nests on the microhabitat and microclimate gradient in response to changing precipitation over nine years. Similarly, annual bird abundance varied with precipitation across 12 yr. Those shifts in abundance and nesting microhabitat with changing precipitation demonstrate the importance of abiotic influences on bird …
Behavioral Interactions Between Coexisting Species: Song Playback Experiments With Wood Warblers, P. R. Martin, Thomas E. Martin
Behavioral Interactions Between Coexisting Species: Song Playback Experiments With Wood Warblers, P. R. Martin, Thomas E. Martin
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Behavioral interactions between coexisting species may reflect underlying ecological interactions or may arise from factors unrelated to ecological interactions between species. We examined behavioral interactions between two coexisting, migratory wood warblers that competitively interact on breeding territories in central Arizona, USA. The larger Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) is aggressive toward the later-arriving Virginia's Warbler (V. virginiae) and responds to playback of Virginia's Warbler songs by approaching the playback speaker or by singing over Virginia's Warbler songs. Virginia's Warblers retreat from interactions with Orange-crowned Warblers and avoid the playback speaker when presented with Orange-crowned Warbler songs. Responses of both species to …
Use Of Red Mangrove For Nesting By Snail Kites In Florida, Victoria J. Dreitz, Jamie A. Duberstein
Use Of Red Mangrove For Nesting By Snail Kites In Florida, Victoria J. Dreitz, Jamie A. Duberstein
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
During 1999 we monitored Snail Kite nesting activity throughout central and south Florida as part of an ongoing study from 1995 to 1999 evaluating the influences of environmental variation on the demography of the Florida population of Snail Kites. We discovered three nests in red mangrove built approximately 2 m above water. These nests were located in the stairstep unit of Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park, south ofHwy 441 in Lostman's Slough.
Overcoming America's Wood Deficit: An Overlooked Option, Carl E. Fiedler, Stephen F. Arno, Charles E. Keegan, Keith A. Blatner
Overcoming America's Wood Deficit: An Overlooked Option, Carl E. Fiedler, Stephen F. Arno, Charles E. Keegan, Keith A. Blatner
Forest Management Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Development Of Microsatellite Multiplexes For Wild Goats Using Primers Designed From Domestic Bovidae, Celia Maudet, Gordon Luikart, Pierre Taberlet
Development Of Microsatellite Multiplexes For Wild Goats Using Primers Designed From Domestic Bovidae, Celia Maudet, Gordon Luikart, Pierre Taberlet
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Many wild goat taxa (Capra spp.) are endangered and would benefit from the availability of molecular tools that are useful for population management and conservation. We developed microsatellite DNA markers useful in all wild goat species, by using a cross-species amplification approach. Seventy-five microsatellite primer pairs designed from domestic cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus) were tested oil three distantly related Capra species: C. ibex ibex, C. [i.] sibirica, and C. pyrenaica. On average, 90% of the domestic ungulate primers amplified a microsatellite PCR product in the …