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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Host-Switching Does Not Circumvent The Ni-Based Defence Of The Ni Hyperaccumulator Streptanthus Polygaloides (Brassicaceae), Micheal A. Davis, Robert S. Boyd, James H. Cane
Host-Switching Does Not Circumvent The Ni-Based Defence Of The Ni Hyperaccumulator Streptanthus Polygaloides (Brassicaceae), Micheal A. Davis, Robert S. Boyd, James H. Cane
Faculty Publications
Elevated tissue concentrations of metals have been shown to defend metal-hyperaccumulating plants against both herbivores and pathogens. Tolerance of metal-based defences presents a challenge to herbivores, because heavy metals cannot be degraded or metabolized. One strategy that herbivores can employ to counter high-metal defences is dietary dilution, or host switching. Highly mobile herbivores are most likely to use this strategy, but less mobile lepidopteran larvae can also Improve their performance on toxic hosts if early instar development occurs on more favourable hosts. We examined the effects of host switching on growth and survival of a generalist folivore. Specifically, we tested …
Pfiesteria: Review Of The Science And Identification Of Research Gaps. Report For The National Center For Environmental Health, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Jonathan Samet, Gary S. Bignami, Robert Feldman, William E. Hawkins, Jerry Neff, Theodore Smayda
Pfiesteria: Review Of The Science And Identification Of Research Gaps. Report For The National Center For Environmental Health, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Jonathan Samet, Gary S. Bignami, Robert Feldman, William E. Hawkins, Jerry Neff, Theodore Smayda
Faculty Publications
In connection with the CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria, a multidisciplinary panel evaluated Pfiesteria-related research. The panel set out what was known and what was not known about adverse effects of the organism on estuarine ecology, fish, and human, health; assessed the methods used in Pfiesteria research; and offered suggestions to address data gaps. The panel's expertise covered dinoflagellate ecology; fish pathology and toxicology; laboratory measurement of toxins, epidemiology, and neurology. The panel evaluated peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature available through June 2000 in a systematic conceptual framework that moved from the source of exposure, through exposure research and dose, to …
Effects Of River Inputs Into The Bay Of Bengal, Stephan D. Howden, Raghu Murtugudde
Effects Of River Inputs Into The Bay Of Bengal, Stephan D. Howden, Raghu Murtugudde
Faculty Publications
The effect of river runoff in the Bay of Bengal is examined using a reduced gravity primitive equation ocean model coupled to an atmospheric boundary layer model. Model simulations are carried out by including river discharges as surface freshwater forcing at the mouths of the rivers. To assess the effect of river inputs on the dynamics and thermodynamics of the tropical Indian Ocean, parallel simulations are carried out by neglecting the river inputs. Additionally, another set of parallel runs without penetrative radiation loss through the mixed layer is carried out. The freshwater flux due to rivers results in lower salinities …
Experimental Evaluation Of Vitellogenin As A Predictive Biomarker For Reproductive Disruption, Ann Oliver Cheek, Thea Hoexum Brouwer, Suzanne Carroll, Steve Manning, John A. Mclachlan, Marius Brouwer
Experimental Evaluation Of Vitellogenin As A Predictive Biomarker For Reproductive Disruption, Ann Oliver Cheek, Thea Hoexum Brouwer, Suzanne Carroll, Steve Manning, John A. Mclachlan, Marius Brouwer
Faculty Publications
Vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in male oviparous vertebrates is used as an indicator of environmental estrogen exposure, but the relationship between elevated VTG levels and the effects of environmental estrogens on reproductive success are poorly understood. To examine whether altered VTG expression predicts reproductive impairment, we exposed medaka (Oryzias latipes) for 2 or 8 weeks posthatch to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 7.5 ppb of the environmental estrogen o,p ' -DDT. Fish were sampled 2, 4, and 8 weeks after hatch to examine VTG expression and gonad development. After exposure, fish were transferred to clean water, grown to sexual maturity, and …
Chloropigment Distribution And Transport On The Inner Shelf Off Duck, North Carolina, Eurico J. D'Sa, Steven E. Lohrenz, James H. Churchill, Vernon L. Asper, John L. Largier, Albert J. Williams Iii
Chloropigment Distribution And Transport On The Inner Shelf Off Duck, North Carolina, Eurico J. D'Sa, Steven E. Lohrenz, James H. Churchill, Vernon L. Asper, John L. Largier, Albert J. Williams Iii
Faculty Publications
The distribution and movement of chloropigments (chlorophylls and associated degradation products) in the bottom boundary layer near Duck, North Carolina, were examined during July and August 1994. Time series of chloropigment fluorescence, current velocity, and surface wave properties were acquired from instruments mounted on a bottom tripod set at 20 m depth. These data were combined with moored current meter measurements, meteorological data, and shipboard surveys in a comparative assessment of physical processes and chloropigment distribution over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Two dominant scales of chloropigment variation were observed. On numerous occasions, small-scale (order m) structure …
Seasonal Variation Of The North Atlantic Current, Max I. Yaremchuk, Dmitri A. Nechaev, Keith R. Thompson
Seasonal Variation Of The North Atlantic Current, Max I. Yaremchuk, Dmitri A. Nechaev, Keith R. Thompson
Faculty Publications
The seasonal circulation of the upper 1000 m of the North Atlantic between 40 degrees -55 degreesN and 20 degrees -40 degreesW is calculated using the traditional dynamic method and a circulation model with a density field that evolves with the flow. The model is of finite difference form and is based on dynamics that describe the nonlinear evolution of the ocean at low Rossby number. The model is controlled by initial and boundary conditions that include air-sea buoyancy and momentum fluxes. The model is run in two ways: with controls specified directly from observations and with controls inferred by …
Reproductive Biology Of Cobia, Rachycentron Canadum, From Coastal Waters Of The Southern United States, Nancy J. Brown-Peterson, Robin M. Overstreet, Jeffrey M. Lotz, James S. Franks, Karen M. Burns
Reproductive Biology Of Cobia, Rachycentron Canadum, From Coastal Waters Of The Southern United States, Nancy J. Brown-Peterson, Robin M. Overstreet, Jeffrey M. Lotz, James S. Franks, Karen M. Burns
Faculty Publications
Reproductive biology of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is described from four coastal areas in the southern United States. Samples were obtained from recreational fishermen between December 1995 and November 1997 from the southeastern United States (Morehead City, NC, to Cape Canaveral, FL), the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Ft. Myers to Crystal River, FL), the north-central Gulf of Mexico (Destin, FL, to Chandeleur Islands, LA) and the western Gulf of Mexico (Port Aransas, TX). Histological evidence of spawning occurred from April through September in all areas. Some female cobia (17-32%) throughout the Gulf of Mexico had spent or regressed ovaries by …
Simulations Of Quasigeostrophic Currents Derived From Satellite Altimetry And Acoustic Tomography Of An Open Ocean Region, Max I. Yaremchuk, Dmitri A. Nechaev
Simulations Of Quasigeostrophic Currents Derived From Satellite Altimetry And Acoustic Tomography Of An Open Ocean Region, Max I. Yaremchuk, Dmitri A. Nechaev
Faculty Publications
Acoustic tomography (AT) and satellite altimetry (SA) measure properties of the ocean state with high temporal resolution. That makes these data suitable for long-term monitoring of mesoscale features in the open ocean regions, where the open boundaries are the major sources of model forecast uncertainties on timescales larger than 1 week. In this paper, a finite-difference quasigeostrophic model of an open ocean region is considered as a possible tool for interpolating AT-SA data in space and time. The assimilation algorithm is based upon the 4D variational data assimilation scheme controlled by the initial and boundary conditions of the model. The …
Identifying A Damped Oscillatory Thermohaline Mode In A General Circulation Model Using An Adjoint Model, Ziv Sirkes, Eli Tziperman
Identifying A Damped Oscillatory Thermohaline Mode In A General Circulation Model Using An Adjoint Model, Ziv Sirkes, Eli Tziperman
Faculty Publications
A damped oscillatory mode of the thermohaline circulation (THC), which may play a role in interdecadal climate variability, is identified in a global primitive equation model. This analysis is done under mixed boundary conditions using an adjoint of the primitive equation model. The linearized versus nonlinear stability behavior of the model is studied by comparing the adjoint analysis to runs of the fully nonlinear model. It is shown that a steady-state solution obtained under larger amplitude freshwater surface forcing (and hence with a weaker North Atlantic overturning) is unstable, while a steady-state solution with stronger THC is stable. In a …
The Stomatopod Alachosquilla Floridensis (Manning, 1962) (Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Nannosquillidae) Reported From Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, With Observations On Color, Joel W. Martin, Todd L. Zimmerman
The Stomatopod Alachosquilla Floridensis (Manning, 1962) (Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Nannosquillidae) Reported From Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, With Observations On Color, Joel W. Martin, Todd L. Zimmerman
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Although color pattern can vary among and within species of the Crustacea, it can also be a conservative feature that can be very helpful in field identifications. This is often the case in the Crustacea Decapoda, where sibling species can be detected by subtle differences in color (e.g., Williams and Felder 1989, Zimmerman and Felder 1991, Knowlton and Mills 1992). Stomatopods are among the most colorful crustaceans when living. Many species show a great deal of variability (Manning 1969, Camp 1973), and knowledge of this coloration is often key to their identification in the field and in the lab (Schotte …
Utilization Of Saltmarsh Shorelines By Newly Settled Sciaenids In A Texas Estuary, Bert W. Geary, Jay R. Rooker, James W. Webb
Utilization Of Saltmarsh Shorelines By Newly Settled Sciaenids In A Texas Estuary, Bert W. Geary, Jay R. Rooker, James W. Webb
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Post-settlement patterns of habitat use along saltmarsh shorelines of Galveston Bay, Texas were examined for three sciaenids; spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Collections were made summer through fall of 1997 and 1998 using a 1.5-m beam trawl hand-towed along the outside edge of salt marshes. Sciaenids were collected from tidal pass, bay, and remote tidal creek areas to assess large-scale (bay-wide) patterns of distribution and abundance. Cynoscion nebulosus were smaller and most numerous at bay stations, with densities peaking in June. Conversely, S. ocellatus were collected …
The Chaetognatha Of The Southwestern Gulf Of Mexico During April-May, 1986, Silvia Mille-Pagaza, Jorge Carrillo-Laguna
The Chaetognatha Of The Southwestern Gulf Of Mexico During April-May, 1986, Silvia Mille-Pagaza, Jorge Carrillo-Laguna
Gulf and Caribbean Research
An analysis of the distribution and abundance of Chaetognatha species from the Gulf of Mexico during April–May 1986 is presented. Zooplankton samples were collected at 43 stations from the southwestern and eastern regions of Mexico’s Exclusive Economic Zone in the Gulf of Mexico. Species richness and abundance were higher in the southwestern stations located at the platform slope. The rank of Importance Value (IV) shows 3 groups of species; the first group included Flaccisagitta enflata, Mesosagitta minima, Serratosagitta serratodentata, Krohnitta subtilis, Pterosagitta draco, Sagitta bipunctata, and Krohnitta pacifica which were the most widely distributed …
Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracardia) Of The Gulf Of Mexico. Ix. Geographical Occurrence Of Apseudes Olimpiae Gutu, 1986 With A Review Of Previous Records For The Genus Apseudes In The Gulf, Tom Hansknecht, Richard W. Heard
Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracardia) Of The Gulf Of Mexico. Ix. Geographical Occurrence Of Apseudes Olimpiae Gutu, 1986 With A Review Of Previous Records For The Genus Apseudes In The Gulf, Tom Hansknecht, Richard W. Heard
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Examination of tanaidacean specimens collected from shelf waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) revealed the presence of the apseudomorph Apseudes olimpiaeGutu, 1986, whose type locality was unknown, but suspected to be Bermuda. It is now determined that the type material actually came from the northeastern Gulf. Although the specific station locality information for the type material has been lost; records indicate that specimens from the Gulf were sent to Romania for study by M. Băcescu and apparently became mixed with material from Bermuda. Based on additional material from the present study, new locality records are established for …
Effects Of Salinity On Development In The Ghost Shrimp Callichirus Islagrande And Two Populations Of C. Major (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea), K.M. Strasser, D.L. Felder
Effects Of Salinity On Development In The Ghost Shrimp Callichirus Islagrande And Two Populations Of C. Major (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea), K.M. Strasser, D.L. Felder
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Salinity (S) was abruptly decreased from 35‰ to 25‰ at either the 4th zoeal (ZIV) or decapodid stage (D) in Callichirus islagrande (Schmitt) and 2 populations of C. major (Say). Other larvae were maintained at stable 35‰ or 25‰ S throughout development. In C. islagrande, duration of ZIV did not vary among the stable salinities. However, a decrease of salinity at ZIV reduced the duration of this stage, suggesting that the S decrease could be a possible cue for acceleration of larval development. In the Gulf population of C. major duration of ZIV was significantly longer at stable 35‰ …
Growth Of Captive Juvenile Tripletail Lobotes Surinamensis, James S. Franks, John T. Ogle, J. Read Hendon, Donald N. Barnes, L. Casey Nicholson
Growth Of Captive Juvenile Tripletail Lobotes Surinamensis, James S. Franks, John T. Ogle, J. Read Hendon, Donald N. Barnes, L. Casey Nicholson
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Early-juvenile tripletail Lobotes surinamensis (n = 27; range 45–115 mm TL, 0 = 73.0 mm; range 3.2–34.7 g TW, 0 = 12.9 g) captured in pelagic Sargassum algae off coastal Mississippi in mid-July 1999 were reared in a recirculating seawater system for 210 days. Fish were maintained on a natural light-dark cycle and fed to satiation 3 times per day. Water temperature ranged from 25.2° to 29.0° C and salinity was 28.0‰. All fish were measured for length and weight on days 1, 60, 135 and 210 of the study. Between these dates, mean daily TL growth rates were 2.2 …
Gulf Estuarine Research Society Fall 2000 Meeting Abstracts
Gulf Estuarine Research Society Fall 2000 Meeting Abstracts
Gulf and Caribbean Research
The Fall 2000 meeting of the Gulf Estuarine Research Society (GERS) was held at the Holiday Inn in Hammond, Louisiana on Monday and Tuesday, November 13 and 14, 2000. Local arrangements were organized by Denise J. Reed (University of New Orleans) and Robert W. Hastings (Southeastern Louisiana University) with significant support from Carolyn Woosley and Dr. Gary P. Shaffer. The Scientific Program was organized by Mark S. Peterson (The University of Southern Mississippi).
Accurate 3-D Morphological Measurement Using A Structured-Light Range Sensor, Robert L. Cromwell, Stuart G. Poss
Accurate 3-D Morphological Measurement Using A Structured-Light Range Sensor, Robert L. Cromwell, Stuart G. Poss
Gulf and Caribbean Research
A single-plane structured light range-sensor was tested to establish its usefulness in acquiring 3-D measurements of fish skulls. Twenty-one distances among 22 landmark points for each of 12 neurocrania of the scorpaenid fish Neomerinthe hemingway were taken with digital calipers, with a video-based 2-D imaging system widely used in systematic studies, and with a single-plane structured-light range sensor of inexpensive and simple design. Measures taken by 3-D sensor are highly correlated with those obtained from caliper measurement (r = 0.9995, P << 0.001 ), with a precision ranging from 0.08–0.43 mm. Like caliper-based measurements, they are less strongly correlated with measurements derived from projected video-imaging. Most skulls were scanned in just over 3 minutes each. Range maps, typically establishing the (x,y,z) coordinates of more than 75,000 points per scan, can be obtained in about 40–50 CPU seconds using software running on multiple platforms. Sensor data taken from different views can be merged to build a more complete 3-D reconstruction. System design, calibration, and use are discussed. By eliminating error due to perspective effects inherent in measuring from projected video images, such sensors hold considerable promise in quantifying biological shape in 3-D for comparative and functional studies.
Gastropod Larvae And Zooplankton In Reef-Related Areas Of The Western Caribbean Sea, Alberto De Jesus-Navarrete, Jose Juan Oliva-Rivera
Gastropod Larvae And Zooplankton In Reef-Related Areas Of The Western Caribbean Sea, Alberto De Jesus-Navarrete, Jose Juan Oliva-Rivera
Gulf and Caribbean Research
In order to estimate the composition, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in 3 areas off the western Caribbean, samples were collected in 15 stations at South Coast and Chinchorro Bank, Mexico, and Hol-Chan Belize, from April to December 1996. Duplicate samples (2.5 m3) were collected bimonthly using a submersible pump. The pumped water was filtered through a 202 μm mesh net yielding a total of 20 zooplankton groups. Chinchorro Bank had 19 groups, South Coast had 15 groups, and Hol-Chan had 14 groups. The most abundant groups were copepods (43.1%), fish eggs (29.0%), foraminifera (12.0%), decapod larvae (5.7%) …
Morphology Of The First Zoeal Stage Of Platypodiella Spectabilis (Herbst, 1794) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae) Obtained In The Laboratory, Adilson Fransozo, Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo, Joel W. Martin, Sandra E. Trautwein
Morphology Of The First Zoeal Stage Of Platypodiella Spectabilis (Herbst, 1794) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae) Obtained In The Laboratory, Adilson Fransozo, Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo, Joel W. Martin, Sandra E. Trautwein
Gulf and Caribbean Research
Ovigerous females of the xanthid crab Platypodiella spectabilis (Herbst, 1794) were obtained from 2 widely separated localities: the Ubatuba coast (Félix Beach, São Paulo) of Brazil and Guana Island in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). First stage zoea larvae were obtained from females at both locations. Those from Brazil are described and illustrated. The first zoea bears dorsal, rostral, and lateral carapace spines, plus a well-developed and spinose antennal protopod that bears a greatly reduced exopod with 2 minute setae. This antennal morphology, along with other characters, places the species among the “Group I” xanthid zoeas of Rice (1980) and …