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- Beef Cattle (6)
- Growth (6)
- Breeds (3)
- Heritability (3)
- Breeding Value (2)
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- Genetic Correlation (2)
- Genetic Parameters (2)
- Bayesian Theory (1)
- Carcass Quality (1)
- Carcasses (1)
- Conformation (1)
- Correlated Traits (1)
- Cytoplasmic effects (1)
- Fibre diameter (1)
- Fibre length (1)
- Herd life (1)
- Heterosis (1)
- Holsteins (1)
- Inbreeding (1)
- Monte Carlo Method (1)
- Pigs (1)
- Production (1)
- Protein intake (1)
- Relative economic value (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Reproductive Traits (1)
- Restricted maximum likelihood (1)
- Selection (1)
- Staple strength (1)
- Threshold Models (1)
Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Genetics Of The Interval From Weaning To Estrus In First-Litter Sows: Correlated Responses, J. Ten Napel, T. H. E. Meuwissen, R. K. Johnson, E. W. Brascamp
Genetics Of The Interval From Weaning To Estrus In First-Litter Sows: Correlated Responses, J. Ten Napel, T. H. E. Meuwissen, R. K. Johnson, E. W. Brascamp
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to evaluate relationships between rebreeding performance and growth performance (n = 3,777 gilts) and rebreeding performance and reproductive performance (n = 2,242 sows). Our data were from a selection experiment for shorter intervals from weaning to estrus after the first parity (IWE), involving Dutch Landrace pigs, in which a selection line and a control line without selection were maintained for eight generations. Relationships were evaluated before and after transforming IWE to normal interval (NI; IWE &#; 7 d), prolonged interval (PI; IWE > 7 d), and incidence of a prolonged interval (INC). Heritabilities of NI, …
Genetic And Phenotypic Parameters For Carcass Traits Of American Shorthorn Beef Cattle, F. Pariacote, R. E. Hunsley, L. Dale Van Vleck
Genetic And Phenotypic Parameters For Carcass Traits Of American Shorthorn Beef Cattle, F. Pariacote, R. E. Hunsley, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Carcass measurements were taken on 1,292 steers and collected by the American Shorthorn Association. The sires were purebred or appendix-registered Shorthorn. Because all dams were not Shorthorn, genetic fractions of breeds of origin were determined for each dam. Measurements for hot carcass weight; dressing percentage; fat thickness; ribeye area; kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH); marbling; and yield grade were analyzed jointly with a multivariate REML algorithm to estimate heritabilities of and genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits. The sire model chosen as best fit of the data included fixed effects of herd of origin (377 classes), slaughter group …
Parameter Estimates For Direct, Maternal, And Grandmaternal Genetic Effects For Birth Weight And Weaning Weight In Hereford Cattle, J. Dodenhoff, L. Dale Van Vleck, Stephen D. Kachman, R. M. Koch
Parameter Estimates For Direct, Maternal, And Grandmaternal Genetic Effects For Birth Weight And Weaning Weight In Hereford Cattle, J. Dodenhoff, L. Dale Van Vleck, Stephen D. Kachman, R. M. Koch
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Birth and weaning weights adjusted for age of dam from four lines of Hereford cattle were analyzed to determine the relationships among grandmaternal, maternal, and direct genetic effects. Three lines were selected for 1) weaning weight (WWL), 2) yearling weight (YWL), and 3) an index of yearling weight and muscle score (IXL). The fourth line was an unselected control line (CTL). Numbers of observations ranged from 1,699 (CTL) to 2,811 (WWL), and number of animals in the pedigree file ranged from 2,266 to 3,192. Two animal models were used to obtain estimates by REML using an average information method. Model …
Genetic Parameters For Sex-Specific Traits In Beef Cattle, R. K. Splan, Larry V. Cundiff, L. Dale Van Vleck
Genetic Parameters For Sex-Specific Traits In Beef Cattle, R. K. Splan, Larry V. Cundiff, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Data from 3,593 beef heifers and 4,079 of their steer paternal half-sibs were used to estimate genetic parameters of and among female growth and reproductive traits and male carcass traits. Estimates of heritability for adjusted 205-d weight, adjusted 365-d weight, age at puberty, calving rate, and calving difficulty measured on females were .16, .38, .47, .19, and .18, respectively; estimates for calving rate and calving difficulty were expressed on a normal scale. Estimates of heritability for hot carcass weight; retail product percentage; fat percentage; bone percentage; rib eye area; kidney, pelvic, and heart fat percentage; adjusted fat thickness; marbling score; …
Estimation Of Relative Economic Value For Herd Life Of Dairy Cattle From Profile Equations, S. Jagannatha, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck
Estimation Of Relative Economic Value For Herd Life Of Dairy Cattle From Profile Equations, S. Jagannatha, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Lifetime records of 122,679 cows from 7557 herds, obtained from Mid States Dairy Records Processing Center (Ames, IA), were used to determine net income and net income for the planning horizon. With a planning horizon of five lactations for each cow, the estimated profit from the replacements was credited to each cow not surviving until fifth calving. Net income was defined as lifetime income minus costs. Net income for the planning horizon was defined as net income plus profit from replacements within the planning horizon. Income was from the sale of milk, calves, and culled cows. Costs were included for …
Developmental And Hormonal Regulation Of Transforming Growth Factor- Β1 (Tgfβ1), -2, And -3 Gene Expression In Isolated Prostatic Epithelial And Stromal Cells: Epidermal Growth Factor And Tgfβ Interactions, Naoki Itoh, Urvashi Patel, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner
Developmental And Hormonal Regulation Of Transforming Growth Factor- Β1 (Tgfβ1), -2, And -3 Gene Expression In Isolated Prostatic Epithelial And Stromal Cells: Epidermal Growth Factor And Tgfβ Interactions, Naoki Itoh, Urvashi Patel, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Growth factors are postulated to mediate stromal-epithelial interactions in the prostate to maintain normal tissue physiology. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has been shown to influence the prostate and probably mediate stromal-epithelial interactions. TGFβ1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression is stimulated after castration and can be suppressed by in vivo treatment with androgens. The hypothesis tested is that TGFβ is regulated not only by androgen, but also by a network of locally produced growth factors that influence prostatic growth and differentiation. Epithelial and stromal cells from 20-day-old rat ventral prostate were isolated and used to test this hypothesis. The expression of mRNA …
Sex Effects On Breed Of Sire Differences For Birth, Weaning, And Yearling Weights, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff
Sex Effects On Breed Of Sire Differences For Birth, Weaning, And Yearling Weights, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Weights of males and females can be considered to be correlated traits with different averages and variances. This study attempted to determine whether defining traits as expressed in males or in females would change estimates of breed of sire differences needed to calculate across-breed factors for adjustment of within-breed EPD to across-breed EPD. Records from the US Meat Animal Research Center of progeny of Hereford, Angus, and MARC III composite dams mated to 12 sire breeds that had been used to calculate breed of sire adjustments in 1996 were used. Breeds of sire were Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, Brahman, Simmental, Limousin, …
Bayesian Analysis Of Twinning And Ovulation Rates Using A Multiple-Trait Threshold Model And Gibbs Sampling, C. P. Van Tassell, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Bayesian Analysis Of Twinning And Ovulation Rates Using A Multiple-Trait Threshold Model And Gibbs Sampling, C. P. Van Tassell, L. Dale Van Vleck, K. E. Gregory
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models programs were extended to allow analysis of ordered categorical data using a Bayesian threshold model. The algorithm is based on data augmentation, where a value on the unobserved underlying normally distributed variable (liability) is generated in each round of iteration for each categorical observation. The programs allow analysis of several continuous and ordered categorical traits. Categorical traits can have any number of response levels. Models can be different for each trait. The programs were used to analyze twinning and ovulation rates from a herd of cattle selected for twinning rate at the U.S. …
Comparison Of Sire Breed Solutions For Growth Traits Adjusted By Mean Expected Progeny Differences To A 1993 Base, K. L. Barkhouse, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff, D. S. Buchmann, D. M. Marshall
Comparison Of Sire Breed Solutions For Growth Traits Adjusted By Mean Expected Progeny Differences To A 1993 Base, K. L. Barkhouse, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff, D. S. Buchmann, D. M. Marshall
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Records on growth traits were obtained from five Midwestern agricultural experiment stations as part of a beef cattle crossbreeding project (NC-196). Records on birth weight (BWT, n =3,490), weaning weight (WWT, n = 3,237), and yearling weight (YWT, n = 1,372) were analyzed within locations and pooled across locations to obtain estimates of breed of sire differences. Solutions for breed of sire differences were adjusted to the common base year of 1993. Then, factors to use with within-breed expected progeny differences (EPD) to obtain a crossbreed EPD were calculated. These factors were compared with factors obtained from similar analyses of …
Variances Of Direct Genetic Effects, Maternal Genetic Effects, And Cytoplasmic Inheritance Effects For Milk Yield, Fat Yield, And Fat Percentage, L. G. Albuquerque, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck
Variances Of Direct Genetic Effects, Maternal Genetic Effects, And Cytoplasmic Inheritance Effects For Milk Yield, Fat Yield, And Fat Percentage, L. G. Albuquerque, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Milk yield, fat yield, and fat percentage during the first three lactations were studied using New York Holsteins that were milked twice daily over a 305-d, mature equivalent lactation. Those data were used to estimate variances from direct and maternal genetic effects, cytoplasmic effects, sire by herd interaction, and cow permanent environmental effects. Cytoplasmic line was traced to the last female ancestor using DHI records from 1950 through 1991. Records were 138,869 lactations of 68,063 cows calving from 1980 through 1991. Ten random samples were based on herd code. Samples averaged 4926 dams and 2026 cytoplasmic lines. Model also included …
Evaluation Of The Ovine Callipyge Locus: I. Relative Chromosomal Position And Gene Action, B. A. Freking, J. W. Keele, C. W. Beattie, S. M. Kappes, T. P.L. Smith, T. S. Sonstegard, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster
Evaluation Of The Ovine Callipyge Locus: I. Relative Chromosomal Position And Gene Action, B. A. Freking, J. W. Keele, C. W. Beattie, S. M. Kappes, T. P.L. Smith, T. S. Sonstegard, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Genotypic and phenotypic data were collected to estimate chromosomal position of the callipyge (CLPG) gene and to test gene action. Nine Dorset rams of extreme muscling phenotype and 114 Romanov ewes composed the grandparent generation of a resource flock of 362 F2 lambs segregating at the CLPG locus. The parent generation consisted of eight F2 sires and 138 F1 dams. The F2 lambs were serially slaughtered in six groups at 3-wk intervals starting at 23 wk of age to allow comparisons at different end points. A linkage group of 25 marker loci (mean of 708 informative …
Effect Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Supplemental Protein, And Tallow On Steer Finishing Performance, C. J. Richards, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. H. Shain
Effect Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Supplemental Protein, And Tallow On Steer Finishing Performance, C. J. Richards, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. H. Shain
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Two trials evaluated the effects of level of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF), type of supplemental protein, and supplemental tallow on steer finishing performance. In Trial 1, WCGF was fed at 0, 25 (two diets), or 50% of the dietary DM replacing dry-rolled corn (DRC), molasses, and a portion of the supplement. The DRC control diet and one 25% WCGF diet were supplemented with a combination of protein sources. The second 25% WCGF diet was supplemented with urea alone. The 50% WCGF diet contained no additional protein supplementation. No differences in DMI (P > .10) were observed. Calves fed 25% WCGF …
Complementary Responses Between Feather Meal And Poultry By-Product Meal With Or Without Ruminally Protected Methionine And Lysine In Growing Calves, M. J. Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis
Complementary Responses Between Feather Meal And Poultry By-Product Meal With Or Without Ruminally Protected Methionine And Lysine In Growing Calves, M. J. Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
We evaluated feather meal (FTH) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as complementary protein sources for growing calves. In a replicated 84-d growth trial, individually fed steer calves (n = 120; 252 ± 24 kg) were supplemented with urea or with graded levels of soybean meal (SBM), FTH, PBM, or 2/3 FTH:1/3 PBM (CP basis). Protein efficiency, calculated as gain above the urea control vs natural protein intake using the slope-ratio technique, was greater for FTH than for SBM, PBM, and 2/3 FTH:1/3 PBM ( P < .10). Addition of ruminally protected methionine and lysine did not affect protein efficiency ( P > .30) for FTH, PBM, or 2/3 FTH:1/3 PBM. Even though true protein digestibility in the …
Consequences Of Differing Wool Growth Rates On Staple Strength Of Merino Wethers With Divergent Staple Strengths, A. C. Schlink, G. Mata, R. M. Lewis
Consequences Of Differing Wool Growth Rates On Staple Strength Of Merino Wethers With Divergent Staple Strengths, A. C. Schlink, G. Mata, R. M. Lewis
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein intake after a period of weight loss on the wool components of staple strength for sheep with a history of low or high staple strength (18.0 vs 34 Nlktex). After being fed to lose 15% of their liveweight over 10 weeks, sheep within each staple strength group were assigned in equal numbers to either a low or high protein diet designed to re-gain initialliveweight in 8 weeks. Liveweight, feed intakes and the growth, fibre diameter and fibre length characteristics of wool were measured at regular intervals. After the weight …
Effect Of Acute Treatment With Progesterone On The Timing And Synchrony Of Ovulation In Bos Indicus Heifers Treated With A Norgestomet Implant For 17 Days, J. Cavalieri, J. E. Kinder, L. A. Fitzpatrick
Effect Of Acute Treatment With Progesterone On The Timing And Synchrony Of Ovulation In Bos Indicus Heifers Treated With A Norgestomet Implant For 17 Days, J. Cavalieri, J. E. Kinder, L. A. Fitzpatrick
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The aim of the present study was to develop a treatment protocol for the precise synchronization of oestrus that would avoid the development of persistent dominant ovarian follicles. Bos indicus heifers, in which oestrous cycles had been presynchronized, were allocated randomly, according to the day of their oestrous cycle, to one of five treatment groups. All heifers received a subcutaneous ear implant containing 3 mg of norgestomet for 17 days starting on day 0 and an injection of an analogue of prostaglandin F2α on days 0 and 4. Heifers in group 1 (control group; n = 7) received no …
Evaluation Of The Ovine Callipyge Locus: Ii. Genotypic Effects On Growth, Slaughter, And Carcass Traits, B. A. Freking, J. W. Keele, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster
Evaluation Of The Ovine Callipyge Locus: Ii. Genotypic Effects On Growth, Slaughter, And Carcass Traits, B. A. Freking, J. W. Keele, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A resource flock of 362 F2 lambs provided phenotypic and genotypic data to estimate effects of callipyge ( CLPG) genotypes on growth, slaughter, and carcass traits. Lambs were serially slaughtered in six groups at 3-wk intervals starting at 23 wk of age to allow comparisons at different end points. Probabilities of CLPG genotypes were calculated at a position 86 cM from the most centromeric marker of chromosome 18. A contrast of CLPG genotypic effects, based on the paternal polar over-dominance model, was used to evaluate callipyge and normal phenotypes. Relationships of traits with slaughter age, carcass weight, or 12th-rib fat …
Effect Of Degradable Intake Protein Level On Finishing Cattle Performance And Ruminal Metabolism, D. H. Shain, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. W. Herold
Effect Of Degradable Intake Protein Level On Finishing Cattle Performance And Ruminal Metabolism, D. H. Shain, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. W. Herold
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Two finishing trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate level of supplemental degradable intake (crude) protein (DIP) in finishing diets on cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism. Finishing trials were conducted in two consecutive years using 128 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 343 ± 5 kg, Trial 1) and 176 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 375 ± 4 kg, Trial 2) in a randomized complete block design. Steers were fed dry-rolled corn diets containing urea at 0, .88, 1.34, or 1.96% (DM basis). No differences in DMI, daily gain, or feed efficiency were noted among steers receiving …
Effect Of Energy Source And Escape Protein On Receiving And Finishing Performance And Health Of Calves, R. A. Mccoy, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. H. Shain, M. J. Klemesrud
Effect Of Energy Source And Escape Protein On Receiving And Finishing Performance And Health Of Calves, R. A. Mccoy, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. H. Shain, M. J. Klemesrud
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Two receiving and two finishing trials evaluated energy source and escape protein supplementation for calves. In receiving Trial 1, 398 calves (257 ± 24 kg BW) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Energy sources were dryrolled corn (DRC) and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF); each was fed without or with supplemental escape protein (EP). Calves fed WCGF gained slower ( P < .05) and consumed less DM ( P < .01) than calves fed DRC. Feed efficiency improved ( P < .10) with EP supplementation. In finishing Trial 1, 240 calves (305 ± 21 kg BW) were used. The arrangement of treatments was the same as in receiving Trial 1. Calves fed DRC/WCGF tended ( P = .15) to be more efficient and consumed less DM ( P < .05) than calves fed DRC. In receiving Trial 2, 315 calves (252 ± 23 kg BW) were fed diets similar to those fed in receiving Trial 1. Calves fed WCGF consumed less DM ( P < .01), gained similarly ( P > .15), and were more efficient ( P < .10) than calves fed DRC. In finishing Trial 2, 320 calves (298 ± 23 kg BW) were fed diets containing DRC, DRC/WCGF, high-moisture corn (HMC), HMC/WCGF, and DRC/HMC; each was fed without or with supplemental EP. An energy source ´ protein supplement interaction was detected for gain ( P < .05) and efficiency ( P < .01). Results suggest that WCGF has a NEg greater than DRC in receiving diets and a NEg similar to that of DRC but lower than that of HMC in finishing diets.
Expression Of An Inter-Α-Trypsininhibitor Heavy Chain-Like Protein In The Pig Endometrium During The Oestrous Cycle And Early Pregnancy, R. D. Geisert, J. V. Yelich, T. Pratt, Daniel Pomp
Expression Of An Inter-Α-Trypsininhibitor Heavy Chain-Like Protein In The Pig Endometrium During The Oestrous Cycle And Early Pregnancy, R. D. Geisert, J. V. Yelich, T. Pratt, Daniel Pomp
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
In pigs, changes in an unidentified endometrial glycoprotein, pGP30, are temporally associated with rapid trophoblast elongation and initial placental attachment on day 12 of gestation. Identification of endometrial pGP30 was undertaken through protein purification, NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing and cDNA sequencing of products generated through reverse transcription-polymerasechain reaction. Sequencing of 35 amino acids from the NH2-terminal end of pGP30 revealed that the 30 kDa glycoprotein is a cleavage product from the C-terminal region of inter-α-trypsininhibitor heavy chain 4 (IαIH4), previously known as inter-α-trypsininhibitor heavy chain-like protein. IαIH4 is unique compared with the three other inter-α-trypsininhibitor heavy chains as it does …
Effect Of Ignoring Random Sire And Dam Effects On Estimates And Standard Errors Of Breed Comparisons, K. L. Barkhouse, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff
Effect Of Ignoring Random Sire And Dam Effects On Estimates And Standard Errors Of Breed Comparisons, K. L. Barkhouse, L. Dale Van Vleck, Larry V. Cundiff
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Data were weights of F1 calves and weaning weights of top-cross progeny from sires and maternal grandsires of 13 breeds. Three analyses were performed on each trait to obtain estimates and standard errors of breed effects needed to calculate across-breed EPD and accuracies. Model (R) for records of F1 progeny contained fixed effects for birth year and date of birth, sex, age and breed of dam, and breed of sire, and a random residual effect. The second analysis included random effects for sires (RS), and the third analysis included random effects for sires and dams (RSD). In maternal …
Effects Of Inbreeding And Heterozygosity On Preweaning Traits In A Closed Population Of Herefords Under Selection, L. Dale Van Vleck, M. D. Macneil
Effects Of Inbreeding And Heterozygosity On Preweaning Traits In A Closed Population Of Herefords Under Selection, L. Dale Van Vleck, M. D. Macneil
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Records of five inbred lines at the Livestock and Range Research Laboratory were used to evaluate effects of inbreeding and heterozygosity on preweaning traits. Members of each line were descendants of a single founder Hereford bull. A total of 8,065 records of birth weight and 7,380 records of preweaning daily gain and weaning weight were analyzed by derivative-free REML using a model that included fixed effects of sex, combination of year and month of birth and parity of dam, with covariates for direct and maternal genetic fractions of inheritance from the genetic groups, inbreeding, and heterozygosity fractions. Heterozygosity fractions were …