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Steam Pasteurization Of Beef Carcasses, D.E. Schafer, R.K. Prasai, Abbey L. Nutsch, Randall K. Phebus, John R. Wolf, John A. Unruh, Curtis L. Kastner
Steam Pasteurization Of Beef Carcasses, D.E. Schafer, R.K. Prasai, Abbey L. Nutsch, Randall K. Phebus, John R. Wolf, John A. Unruh, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This research evaluated the effectiveness of a newly patented steam-pasteurization process for reducing bacterial populations on the surfaces of freshly slaughtered beef carcasses. The process was developed jointly by Frigoscandia Food Processing Systems (Bellevue, WA) and Excel Corp. (Wichita, KS), a division of Cargill (Minneapolis, MN). In laboratory studies, portions of prerigor beef carcasses inoculated with very high levels of three pathogens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria, were treated in a prototype steam-pasteurization chamber, which effectively eliminated at least 99.9% of all three pathogens and was most effective when used in combination with other standard commercial decontamination methods. The …
Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated Beef Steaks, S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner
Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated Beef Steaks, S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Irradiation had minimal effects on flavor and texture of frozen or chilled vacuum-packaged boneless beef steaks. A dose level of 3.5 kilograys (kGy) reduced beef aroma in chilled steaks. Irradiation did not influence internal or external cooked color, most raw color traits, cooking loss, pH, oxidative rancidity, or Warner-Bratzler shear force in chilled or frozen boneless steaks. PVC-wrapped controls were less red than irradiated steaks after 5 days of display. Exposure to oxygen by repackaging into oxygen-permeable film increased oxidative rancidity after display. Vacuum-packaging, in combination with irradiation, enables boneless beef steaks to be stored and/or displayed up to 28 …
Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated, Raw, Ground Beef Patties, S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner
Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated, Raw, Ground Beef Patties, S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Irradiation of raw ground beef patties had minimal effects on flavor and aroma of patties after cooking. Oxidative rancidity increased when patties were irradiated in aerobic but not in vacuum packages. Irradiation of vacuum-packaged ground beef patties produced a more stable color. In both packaging types, irradiation significantly reduced microbial growth during storage.
Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated, Precooked, Ground Beef Patties, S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner
Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated, Precooked, Ground Beef Patties, S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Irradiation did not influence bitter, bloody, burnt, chemical, fat-like, juiciness, liver-like, beef identity, metallic, rancid, sour, sweet, and toughness flavor/textural attributes, beef aroma, or off-odor in precooked ground beef patties. Irradiation slightly increased the animal hair flavor note, but intensity levels were<1 on the 15-point sensory scale. Except for 10% fat non-irradiated controls, reheated precooked patties had a slight sour, ammonia-like, top note. Irradiation at 3.5 kilograys (kGy) increased external redness in vacuum-packaged patties, but not in aerobic packages. Aerobic packaging with or without irradiation decreased external precooked redness. Oxidative rancidity increased when patties were irradiated in aerobic but not in vacuum packages. Reduction of oxygen in vacuum bags extended the shelf life of the precooked ground beef patties, at least in terms of oxidative rancidity. Precooking ground beef patties, irrespective of irradiation or packaging type, posed sensory disadvantages, and improvements to the precooking process are needed before irradiating at low-dose levels is appropriate.
Fate Of Fumonisins In Cattle Fed Contaminated Feed, R.A. Thakur, N. Wallace, J. Scott Smith, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Fate Of Fumonisins In Cattle Fed Contaminated Feed, R.A. Thakur, N. Wallace, J. Scott Smith, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fumonisins are water-soluble carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by many species of Fusarium molds. Fumonisins occur widely in corn, making them a problem in corn-based feed. Their toxicity has been established in many species. However, their effects on cattle and the potential of carryover to the human diet through beef has not been studied extensively. A 30-day cattle feeding study was conducted by feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn grits dosed at 400 g/g fumonisin B1 (FB1) and 130 g/g fumonisin B2 (FB2) to 3 steers averaging 480 lb. Premortem analysis involved urinalysis; tests for liver functionality; and analysis of the blood, urine, and feces …
Variation In And Effects Of Prefabrication Fat Trimming On Yields And Prediction Equation Accuracies Of Retail Product And Fat Trim, L.V. Cundiff, K.E. Gregory, Kenneth E. Kemp, R.M. Koch, Michael E. Dikeman
Variation In And Effects Of Prefabrication Fat Trimming On Yields And Prediction Equation Accuracies Of Retail Product And Fat Trim, L.V. Cundiff, K.E. Gregory, Kenneth E. Kemp, R.M. Koch, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass data from one side of 1,149 steers born from 1986 to 1990 were analyzed to develop means for carcass traits and retail product percentage by yield grades. Carcasses from 610 of these steers born from 1988 to 1990 were fabricated to two fat trim levels (.30 and .00 in.), with subcutaneous fat and intermuscular (internal) fat weighed separately. Subcutaneous fat from the primal round, loin, rib, chuck, brisket, and flank in excess of .30 in. plus the kidney knob were considered to constitute an industry "˜hot-fat trim equivalent' (HFTE). Quadratic regression curves were plotted for percent retail product (RP) …
Pregnancy Rates In Heifers And Suckled Beef Cows After Synchronized Ovulation Using Pgf2", Gnrh, And Norgestomet, D.P. Hoffman, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, C.L. Krehbiel, David A. Nichols, R.M. Mckee
Pregnancy Rates In Heifers And Suckled Beef Cows After Synchronized Ovulation Using Pgf2", Gnrh, And Norgestomet, D.P. Hoffman, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, C.L. Krehbiel, David A. Nichols, R.M. Mckee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Suckled cows and virgin heifers received a novel treatment that included PGF 2", GnRH, and norgestomet, with the objective of inducing estrus in prepubertal heifers and anestrous suckled cows, as well as synchronizing ovulation in estrus-cycling females. The treatment consisted of two injections of PGF 2" (day 14 and 0) plus 100 Fg of GnRH and a 6-mg norgestomet ear implant on day 7. The implant was removed 24 h after the second injection of PGF2" (day 0), and a second injection of GnRH was given 30 hours after implant removal. The treated females were inseminated 18 hours after the …
Timing Of Gain Does Not Alter Puberty And Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed A High-Roughage Diet, J.M. Lynch, G.C. Lamb, B.L. Miller, J. Ernest Minton, R.C. Cochran, Robert T. Brandt
Timing Of Gain Does Not Alter Puberty And Reproductive Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed A High-Roughage Diet, J.M. Lynch, G.C. Lamb, B.L. Miller, J. Ernest Minton, R.C. Cochran, Robert T. Brandt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighty crossbred heifers (549 lb initial body weight) were developed in drylot and limit-fed a forage sorghum silage diet predicted to produce gains of either 1 lb/day for the entire developmental period (EVENGAIN) or .25 lb/day for the first two-thirds of the period followed by 2 lb/day during the last third (LATEGAIN). Treatments began on November 7, 1994 and continued until April 24, 1995 (onset of the breeding season). Actual daily gains over the entire feeding period averaged 1.18 and 1.10 lb/day for EVENGAIN and LATEGAIN heifers, respectively. Age and weight at puberty were not affected by feeding treatment. Body …
Comparisons Among Crossbred Beef Cattle For Growth And Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Comparisons Among Crossbred Beef Cattle For Growth And Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data from 5 years of a long-term, rotational crossbreeding project were used to compare breeds for growth and carcass traits. The traits of interest were direct and maternal birth and weaning weights, gain on feed, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score, and slaughter age. Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Charolais, Simmental, and Gelbvieh breeds were involved. Simmental and Gelbvieh were used as terminal breeds, so maternal effects were not calculated for them. Brahman breeding caused an increased direct birth weight of the calves, but the maternal influence of Brahman decreased birth weight. No difference occurred in maternal weaning weight among the …
Genetic Parameters For Growth And Carcass Traits From Crossbreeding, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Genetic Parameters For Growth And Carcass Traits From Crossbreeding, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Growth and carcass data from 5 years of a long-term, rotational, crossbreeding project were used to calculate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations for direct and maternal birth and weaning weight, gain on feed, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score, and age at slaughter. Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Charolais, Simmental, and Gelbvieh breeds were involved. Heritabilities of traits ranged from low (maternal weaning weight 0.04) to moderate (direct weaning weight 0.41). Direct birth weight, direct weaning weight, gain on feed, and hot carcass weight had moderate to high genetic correlations. Marbling had negative genetic correlations with birth and weaning weight …
Effects Of Postweaning Management System And Breed On Growth And Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Effects Of Postweaning Management System And Breed On Growth And Carcass Traits, K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data from 5 years of a long-term, rotational, crossbreeding project were used to calculate heritabilities and correlations and to make breed comparisons for growth rate and carcass traits in two different postweaning management systems. The traits studied were weight per day of age, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score, and days of age at slaughter. One group was placed on full feed after weaning. A second group underwent a backgrounding phase for 7 months at Louisiana State University before being placed on feed at KSU. The breeds involved were Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Hereford, Simmental, and Gelbvieh. Differences in heritabilities …
Effect Of Increasing Urea Level In Protein Supplements On Performance By Beef Cows Consuming Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Forage, H.H. Köster, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, K. C. Olson, Timothy J. Jones, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Increasing Urea Level In Protein Supplements On Performance By Beef Cows Consuming Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Forage, H.H. Köster, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, K. C. Olson, Timothy J. Jones, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ninety pregnant Angus Hereford cows consuming low-quality, tallgrass-prairie hay were used to evaluate the influence of changing the amount of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) derived from urea on body weight and body condition changes, pregnancy rate, and calf performance. Supplemental treatment groups were: 0, 20, and 40% of the supplemental DIP from urea. Supplements were formulated to contain 30% CP . When sufficient DIP was offered to prepartum cows to maximize DOMI, urea could replace up to 40% of the DIP in a high-protein (30%) supplement without causing problems of supplement palatability. However, trends in body weight and condition …
Inheritance Of The "Rat-Tail" Syndrome, R.R. Schalles
Inheritance Of The "Rat-Tail" Syndrome, R.R. Schalles
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A form of congenital hypotrichosis, commonly known as rat-tail, is characterized by the colored hair anywhere on the body being short, curly, malformed, and sometimes sparse and an abnormal tail switch. The "rat-tail" syndrome is controlled by interaction between two loci. Cattle that express this syndrome must have at least one gene for black color and be heterozygous at the other locus involved.
The Influence Of Various Levels Of Supplemental Starch And Degradable Intake Protein On Prairie Hay Intake And Digestion By Beef Steers, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Timothy J. Jones, K. C. Olson
The Influence Of Various Levels Of Supplemental Starch And Degradable Intake Protein On Prairie Hay Intake And Digestion By Beef Steers, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Timothy J. Jones, K. C. Olson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A study was conducted to determine the effect of varying the amount of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) and starch on prairie hay intake and digestibility. In general, DIP increased forage intake, whereas starch decreased intake. Diet digestibility also improved with increasing DIP; however, the effect of starch on digestion depended on the level of feeding. Digestible dry matter intake (which estimates total energy input) responded dramatically to DIP but not to starch. These results illustrate the positive effect of DIP on forage intake and digestibility; however, supplying additional starch within a DIP level appeared to have minimal effect on …
In Vitro Estimation Of Ruminal Protein Degradability Of Forages, I.E.O. Abdelgadir, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Evan C. Titgemeyer
In Vitro Estimation Of Ruminal Protein Degradability Of Forages, I.E.O. Abdelgadir, R.C. Cochran, E.S. Vanzant, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ruminal degradation of alfalfa and prairie hay protein was estimated using a proteolytic enzyme from Streptomyces griseus with or without pretreatment with cellulase or a broad spectrum carbohydrase (driselase). Estimates of the undegradable intake protein (UIP) as a percentage of total protein derived from the protease alone were higher than that measured in the animal (i.e., in vivo). Pretreatment of hay samples with cellulase (48 h incubation) or driselase improved the accuracy of UIP predictions compared with those determined using the protease alone.
Effect Of Annual Fire On Tallgrass Prairie Legumes, G. Towne, A.K. Knapp
Effect Of Annual Fire On Tallgrass Prairie Legumes, G. Towne, A.K. Knapp
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Total legume density was significantly higher in annually burned prairie (8.0 stems/m2) than in unburned prairie (3.0 stems/ m2). Densities of six species were higher (P<.05) in burned than in unburned prairie, whereas only one legume species decreased from annual fire. Total legume biomass did not differ between burned (11.3 g/m2) and unburned prairie (10.5 g/m2). Most legume species either are favored by fire or are fire tolerant, and their persistence in annually burned grassland suggests that they may play an important role in the nitrogen budget of tallgrass prairie.
Effect Of Grain Content On The Nutritive Value Of Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silage, B.S. Dalke, R.N. Jr. Sonon, D.L. Holthaus, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Effect Of Grain Content On The Nutritive Value Of Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silage, B.S. Dalke, R.N. Jr. Sonon, D.L. Holthaus, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of grain content on the nutritive value of whole-plant grain sorghum silage. Silage dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) contents increased with increasing levels of grain in the reconstituted, whole-plant silages, whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents decreased as the level of grain increased from 0 to 48%. When fed to sheep (used as a model), voluntary DM intake and DM and OM digestibilities increased in a linear manner, whereas ADF digestibility decreased with increasing level of grain. Crude protein and NDF digestibilities …
Improving Silage Quality, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, M.K. Siefers, G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, Matthew A. Young
Improving Silage Quality, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent, M.K. Siefers, G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Results at Kansas State University from over 200 laboratory-scale trials and 28 farm-scale trials showed that bacterial inoculants consistently improved preservation efficiency and nutritive value of the ensiled material. In contrast, anhydrous ammonia or urea decreased dry matter recovery and production per ton of crop ensiled. Economic analysis also favored the use of bacterial inoculants over nonprotein nitrogen additives. Research conducted using corn, sorghum, and alfalfa silages showed that sealing the exposed surface dramatically reduced top spoilage losses in bunker, trench, or stack silos.
Implant Strategies For Finishing Calves, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, P.T. Anderson
Implant Strategies For Finishing Calves, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, P.T. Anderson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two hundred-sixteen Angus and Angus-cross steer calves (690 lb) were used in a 129- day finishing study to evaluate different implant strategies, including an experimental new implant for feedlot cattle that contains 28 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of trenbolone acetate (EBTBA). Treatments were 1) nonimplanted control, 2) implanted and reimplanted with Synovex-Sfi, 3) single initial implant with EBTBA, 4) single initial implant with Revalor-Sfi, 5) implanted with Synovex-S and reimplanted with EBTBA, and 6) implanted and reimplanted with EBTBA. Initial implants and reimplants were administered on day 0 and 63, respectively. All implant treatments increased feed intake, …
Effect Of Magnesium-Mica During Grazing And/Or Feedlot Phases On Performance Of Steers, K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Lyle W. Lomas
Effect Of Magnesium-Mica During Grazing And/Or Feedlot Phases On Performance Of Steers, K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Lyle W. Lomas
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Seventy-two mixed breed steers (679 lb avg BW) grazing smooth bromegrass pastures for 112 days were fed 2.2 lb/day of either a control supplement (PC) or one containing .075 lb/day of magnesium-mica (PMM). Following the grazing period, steers were placed in a feedlot with pasture groups split such that two of the groups fed each pasture supplement were fed a control supplement (FC) and two groups were fed a supplement containing 10% magnesium-mica (FMM). Steers fed PMM tended to gain faster than those fed PC during the pasture phase (2.41 vs. 2.32 lb/day). Steers fed PMM had higher dressing percentage …
Effect Of Bacterial Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Alfalfa Silages, K.K. Bolsen, D.R. Bonilla, R.A. Hart-Thakur, Matthew A. Young
Effect Of Bacterial Inoculants On The Fermentation Of Alfalfa Silages, K.K. Bolsen, D.R. Bonilla, R.A. Hart-Thakur, Matthew A. Young
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The efficacy of 13 commercial bacterial silage inoculants was evaluated on 3rd and 4th cutting alfalfa. All inoculants supplied at least 100,000 colony-forming units (cfu) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) per gram of ensiled crop, and each inoculant increased the rate and efficiency of the ensiling process. Inoculated alfalfa silages had lower pH values; higher lactic acid contents; and lower acetic acid, ethanol, and ammonia-nitrogen contents than control (untreated) silages. The addition of dextrose (fermentable substrate) in combination with a bacterial inoculant improved the quality of the fermentation phase in both cuttings of alfalfa.
Financial Performance Measures For Kansas Beef Cow Farms, Michael R. Langemeier
Financial Performance Measures For Kansas Beef Cow Farms, Michael R. Langemeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Financial performance measures assist managers in making strategic plans and tracking progress in relationship to a farm's goals. Kansas Farm Management Association data were used to compute average financial performance measures by herd size for beef cow farms. Farms with over 200 cows derived a larger percent of their income from beef cow production, tended to be large r in terms of gross farm income and total assets, were more profitable, and had lower debt ratios. Differences in financial performance among beef cow farms suggest that comparisons should be made only with herds that are similar in size.
Summary Of Grazing Research On Kansas Conservation Reserve Program Land, Michael R. Langemeier, P.D. Ohlenbusch
Summary Of Grazing Research On Kansas Conservation Reserve Program Land, Michael R. Langemeier, P.D. Ohlenbusch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Animal performance and the net return per acre for four CRP research sites in Kansas in 1994 and 1995 were examined. Both mowing and prescribed burning increased animal performance in 1994. Mowing was economically feasible on one of the four sites. Prescribed burning was economically feasible on three of four sites. Mowing or burning treatments were not repeated in 1995, the second year of the analysis. Second-year animal performance was similar between the untreated plots and those that were mowed or burned in 1994. Net returns per acre for the site that was grazed by cow-calf pairs ranged from -$5.96 …
Efficacy Of Electronic Identification In Beef Cattle, A.R. Spell, S.D. Utter, L.R. Corah
Efficacy Of Electronic Identification In Beef Cattle, A.R. Spell, S.D. Utter, L.R. Corah
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
To evaluate the potential of using electronic implants (transponders) for maintaining identity from birth to slaughter, calves born and implanted in Montana were followed through the feedlot phase to their ultimate slaughter at commercial packing plants. At spring branding, 138 calves were implanted with electronic identification transponders positioned underneath the scutiform cartilage at the base of the ear. Four steers died prior to weaning. After weaning, 109 steers were transported to a commercial feedlot i n Kansas (group 1) and the remaining 25 steers (group 2) were maintained at the Montana ranch for 1 year and then placed in a …
Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy For Rapid Nutrient Evaluation Of Sorghum Silage, K.J. Budiongo, L.H. Harbers, B.W. Seabourn, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy For Rapid Nutrient Evaluation Of Sorghum Silage, K.J. Budiongo, L.H. Harbers, B.W. Seabourn, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This research was designed to develop a set of prediction equations to measure nutrient composition of Kansas sorghum silages by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Because sorghum silages are highly variable in grain content, we included a large number of cultivars to develop a robust set of equations for dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. The results indicate that NIRS analysis of sorghum silages is feasible.
National Forage Survey Results: Trace Mineral And Related Nutrient Levels, L. Corah, D. Dargatz, C. Peters
National Forage Survey Results: Trace Mineral And Related Nutrient Levels, L. Corah, D. Dargatz, C. Peters
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A National Forage Survey was conducted in 18 states to determine the trace mineral and related nutrient content of forages grown in the United States. Most forages sampled were harvested hays utilized as winter feed for beef cow herds. The trace element most commonly deficient in the forages sampled was zinc. Copper and cobalt levels were adequate in 36 and 34.1% of the samples, respectively. In contrast, manganese was adequate (above 40 ppm) in 76% of the samples and was deficient (below 20 ppm) only in 4.7%. The copper antagonists, such as iron and molybdenum, were marginal to high in …
Supplementing Growing Holstein Steers Fed A Corn-Urea Diet With A Mixture Of Essential Amino Acids Increases Performance, R.H. Wessels, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Supplementing Growing Holstein Steers Fed A Corn-Urea Diet With A Mixture Of Essential Amino Acids Increases Performance, R.H. Wessels, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (550 lb) implanted with Revalor-S were infused abomasally with water or a mixture of six amino acids in a crossover experiment (two 14-day periods) to evaluate effects on nitrogen balance. The mixture was comprised of amino acids that potentially may be limiting in lightweight steers, namely (g/day): lysine (5.3), methionine (3.3), threonine (3.2), tryptophan (1 .0), histidine (2.1), and arginine (5.5). Steers were fed at levels just below ad libitum intake. The diet contained 86% rolled corn, 10% prairie hay, 3% mineral and vitamin premixes, and 1% urea (as-fed). Amino acid infusion increased nitrogen retention …
Effect Of Feeding Rumen-Protected Lysine With Different Levels Of Soybean Meal To Growing Steers, R.H. Wessels, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Feeding Rumen-Protected Lysine With Different Levels Of Soybean Meal To Growing Steers, R.H. Wessels, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
To test the efficacy of rumen-protected lysine and methionine, six steers (486 lb) were used in a 6 4 incomplete Latin square design and fed corn-urea diets (85% concentrate) alone or supplemented with 2 or 4% soybean meal to give dietary crude protein levels of 12.5, 13.2, and 14.0% (as fed-basis). Each diet was fed with or without 5 g/day Smartamine-ML (rumen-protected lysine and methionine). Steers were fed to gain 2.6 lb/day. Nitrogen retention increased linearly, from 30.7 g/day (0% soy) to 35.5 g/day (4% soy) as the level of soybean meal and, thus, crude protein, increased in the diet. …
Amino Acid Supplementation To Growing And Finishing Steers, C.G. Campbell, C.T. Milton, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Amino Acid Supplementation To Growing And Finishing Steers, C.G. Campbell, C.T. Milton, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred British and British cross steers, averaging 631 lb ( initial wt) were used in a growing and finishing study to evaluate the effects of unprotected amino acid supplementation on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. All diets contained 1% of a nonprotein nitrogen source, and treatments were: no additional supplemental protein (UREA), 2) supplemental protein from soybean meal (SBM), 3) 13 grams/day of an amino acid supplement (Low AA), and 4) 26 grams/day of an amino acid supplement (High AA). The Low AA treatment supplied 2 grams methionine, 8 grams lysine, 2 grams threonine, and 1 gram tryptophan per …
Natural Degradable Protein And Roughage Type For Implanted Finishing Steers Fed Dry-Rolled Corn Diets, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Natural Degradable Protein And Roughage Type For Implanted Finishing Steers Fed Dry-Rolled Corn Diets, C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Gerry L. Kuhl, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three hundred eighty-four crossbred, yearling steers (810 lb) were used to evaluate soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SFM), and combinations of the two as protein supplements and supplemental protein effects in diets containing silage or alfalfa as dietary roughage. All diets contained 1.0% urea (dry matter basis). An additional 2 percentage units of crude protein were either not provided or provided as SBM, SFM, or a 50:50 combination (protein basis) of SBM and SFM. Steers were implanted with Revalor-Sfi and fed experimental diets for 126 days. No interactions between protein supplementation and roughage source were observed. Daily feed intake and …