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1994

Animal Sciences

Selected Works

Articles 1 - 10 of 10

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Using Biodiversity Data To Assess Species--Habitat Relationships In Glacier National Park, Montana, Diane M. Debinski, Peter F. Brussard Nov 1994

Using Biodiversity Data To Assess Species--Habitat Relationships In Glacier National Park, Montana, Diane M. Debinski, Peter F. Brussard

Diane M. Debinski

Biodiversity surveys are becoming increasingly popular. However, standard analysis techniques for these data have not yet been developed. This paper explores the use of multivariate ordination techniques for assessing species—habitat relationships using biodiversity data. The research was conducted in Glacier National Park, Montana, and birds and butterflies were chosen as the taxonomic groups of study. Biodiversity assessment sites were established throughout a range of habitats and monitored from 1987 through 1989. Presence/absence sampling over the total number of sampling sites was used to classify species commonness and rarity. Approximately 86% of the historically recorded butterflies and 70% of the historically …

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Experimental Culture And Particle Filtration By Asian Moon Scallops, Amusium Pleuronectes, Michael A. Rice, Robert B. Rheault, Miguel S. Perez, Vicente S. Perez Sep 1994

Experimental Culture And Particle Filtration By Asian Moon Scallops, Amusium Pleuronectes, Michael A. Rice, Robert B. Rheault, Miguel S. Perez, Vicente S. Perez

Michael A Rice

Growth rates were determined for scallops (35-75 mm valve height) held in pocket nets and lantern nets at varying densities. The Ford-Walford linear transformation of the von Bertalanffy growth equation was used to allow quantification of food-limited stunting. Pocket nets allowed for greater growth of scallops than did the lantern nets at all stocking densities. The growth rates of scallops in pocket nets, nevertheless, were well below the growth of scallops in the wild. Clearance rates of Caribbean strains of Isochrysis galbana (C-ISO) and Chaetocerous gracilus (C-Cg) were determined for moon scallops. Amusin pleuronectes, in static chambers at 28ºC. The …

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Proceedings Of The Third Rhode Island Shellfish Industry Conference, Michael Rice, Elizabeth Gibbs Aug 1994

Proceedings Of The Third Rhode Island Shellfish Industry Conference, Michael Rice, Elizabeth Gibbs

Michael A Rice

Collections of various papers presented at the conference

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Evaluation Of Plastic And Mylar Flagging As Repellents For Snow Geese (Chen Caerulescens), J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark Jan 1994

Evaluation Of Plastic And Mylar Flagging As Repellents For Snow Geese (Chen Caerulescens), J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

The effectiveness of white flags, black flags and Mylar streamers as visual repellents to snow geese (Chen caerulescens) was evaluated. Five farms in Cumberland and Salem counties, New Jersey served as test sites. At each farm, four 10.12 ha fields were selected randomly, and then assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) white plastic flags (one flag per 0.4 ha); (b) black plastic flags (one flag per 0.4 ha), (c) Mylar streamers (one streamer per 0.4 ha); and (d) stakes only (one stake per 0.4 ha). From 2 December 1992 to 24 March 1993, vegetation samples and goose droppings were collected …

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Use Of Activated Charcoal And Other Particulate Substances As Feed Additives To Suppress Bird Feeding, J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark Jan 1994

Use Of Activated Charcoal And Other Particulate Substances As Feed Additives To Suppress Bird Feeding, J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

Osmotic strength is a function of particle number. The experiments described here were designed to test whether the consumption of a large number of small particles might induce strong osmotic effects that, in turn, could induce food avoidance learning. The experiments also evaluated whether the abrasiveness of fine particulates or their ability to act as organic adsorbants could mediate or contribute to the avoidance of adulterated diets. In experiment I. captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were given two-cup tests between plain chow and chow adulterated with activated charcoal or Anjan-activaid. a product containing large amounts of activated charcoal. Both adulterants …

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Tests And Refinements Of A General Structure-Activity Model For Avian Repellents, Larry Clark, Pankaj Shah Jan 1994

Tests And Refinements Of A General Structure-Activity Model For Avian Repellents, Larry Clark, Pankaj Shah

Larry Clark

We tested the robustness of a structure-activity model for avian trigeminal chemoirritants. Fourteen benzoates and acetophenones were tested using European starlings Sturn us vulgaris as a bioassay. In general. the pre­ viously proposed model was a reasonable predictor of repellency (i.e., irritant potency). We found that the presence of a phenyl ring was critical to repel­ lency. Basicity of the molecule is the next most critical feature influencing repellency. The presence of an acidic function within the electron-withdrawing functionality seriously detracts from repellency. The presence or absence of an electron-withdrawing or -donating group may potentiate repellent effects, but its presence …

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Cell Surface Charge And Initial Attachment Characteristics Of Rough Strains Of Listeria Monocytogenes, James S. Dickson Jan 1994

Cell Surface Charge And Initial Attachment Characteristics Of Rough Strains Of Listeria Monocytogenes, James S. Dickson

James S. Dickson

The relative negative surface charge and hydrophobicity of four bacterial strains were evaluated by gravity flow and spin column methods. There was no significant difference between the two methods, indicating that spin column chromatography is an acceptable alternative method of determining cell surface charge or hydrophobicity. Six strains of Listeria monocytogenes which exhibited rough colony appearance were evaluated for surface charge and hydrophobicity and their ability to contaminate beef muscle tissue. With one exception, all of the rough strains exhibited greater net negative surface charge and reduced ability to contaminate beef during the initial stages of attachment. Since greater net …

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Antimicrobial Effects Of Trisodium Phosphate Against Bacteria Attached To Beef Tissue, James S. Dickson, C. G. Nettles Cutter, G. R. Siragusa Jan 1994

Antimicrobial Effects Of Trisodium Phosphate Against Bacteria Attached To Beef Tissue, James S. Dickson, C. G. Nettles Cutter, G. R. Siragusa

James S. Dickson

Sliced beef tissue was artificially contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli OI57:H7. The contaminated tissue was immersed in 8, 10 and 12% solutions of trisodium phosphate at 25, 40 and 55°C with contact times of up to 3 min. The concentration of the trisodium phosphate solution was not a significant factor in reducing the populations of the bacteria on either lean or adipose tissue. Reductions in bacterial populations of I to 1.5 loglocycles were obtained on lean tissue contaminated with the gram-negative pathogens, although less reduction in population was seen with L. monocytogenes. Greater reductions in bacterial …

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Temporal Response Of Rabbits To B-Adrenergic Agonist Feeding: Tissue Weight, Calpain And Calpastatin Activities, And Nucleic Acid And Protein Concentration, T. D. Pringle, Steven M. Lonergan, C. R. Calkins, S. J. Jones, P. S. Miller, M. Koohmaraie Jan 1994

Temporal Response Of Rabbits To B-Adrenergic Agonist Feeding: Tissue Weight, Calpain And Calpastatin Activities, And Nucleic Acid And Protein Concentration, T. D. Pringle, Steven M. Lonergan, C. R. Calkins, S. J. Jones, P. S. Miller, M. Koohmaraie

Steven M. Lonergan

Forty-eight crossbred rabbits were used in three replications of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement to investigate the short-term responses of tissue accretion, calpains and calpastatin activity, and nucleic acid and protein concentrations to 6- adrenergic agonist (BAA) feeding. Rabbits were fed a 17% CP diet with or without 7 ppm of L644,969 and slaughtered after 1, 4, 8, or 16 d of treatment. Empty body dressing percentage and biceps femoris weight (as a percentage of empty body weight [EBWI) were significantly higher in the treated rabbits than in the controls after 16 d of treatment. Heart and liver weights …

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Settlement And Recruitment Of Bay Scallops, Argopecten Irradians (Lamarck 1819), To Artificial Spat Collectors In The Westport River Estuary, Westport, Massachusetts, Karin A. Tammi, Scott J. Soares, Wayne Turner, Michael A. Rice Dec 1993

Settlement And Recruitment Of Bay Scallops, Argopecten Irradians (Lamarck 1819), To Artificial Spat Collectors In The Westport River Estuary, Westport, Massachusetts, Karin A. Tammi, Scott J. Soares, Wayne Turner, Michael A. Rice

Michael A Rice

In January 1993, The Waterworks Group initiated the Bay Scallop Restoration Project as an attempt to restore the once prolific bay scallop within the Westport River Estuary in Massachusetts. This project is a multi-phased endeavor aimed at better understanding recruitment failures of both natural stocks and introduced seed of Argopecten irradians. The main objective of this project is to assesss juvenile recruitment (survival to > 4mm) to artificial spat collectors placed in historically productive scallop beds and within close proximity to adult spawner rafts. Spat collectors (2 to 4mm plastic mesh bags) containing monofilament were suspended on 28 to 35-meter floating …

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