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1978

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Mineral Contents Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, J.E. Umoh, D.A. Raiten, V.K. Chaffin Jan 1978

Mineral Contents Of Native Bluestem Pastures, L.H. Harbers, J.E. Umoh, D.A. Raiten, V.K. Chaffin

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Handclipped and esophageal samples of burned and control native bluestem pastures were taken monthly. Burning increased phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) and decreased iron (Fe). These studies indicate that burned and unburned pastures need to be supplemented with potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and possibly phosphorus (P) during late fall and winter. A supply of sodium (Na) is necessary continuously.

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Effect Of Using One Versus Two Growth-Promoting Implants During The Suckling Period On The Weaning Weights Of Nursing Calves, L.R. Corah, R.T. Wary, F. Schwartz, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1978

Effect Of Using One Versus Two Growth-Promoting Implants During The Suckling Period On The Weaning Weights Of Nursing Calves, L.R. Corah, R.T. Wary, F. Schwartz, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials were conducted to study the effect on calf weight gains from using two 36-mg. Ralgro implants during the suckling period. Two Ralgro implants 60 to 90 days apart improved the average weight gain during the suckling period by 39.4, 43, and 46.6 pounds for the three trials. A single Ralgro implant improved suckling gains by 33.5, 22.1, 28.4 and 27.9 lbs. for the four test groups. Ralgro implants used at birth gave the same response as when first used when calves were 4 months old. A 15-mg. DES implant used in trial one improved suckling gains 23.4 lbs. …

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Following Half-Season Intensive Grazing On Native Pasture With Alfalfa Or Sudangrass Grazing And/Or Feedlot Finishing, R.M. Helsel, Gerry L. Posler, Jack G. Riley, E.F. Smith, G.M. Ward Jan 1978

Following Half-Season Intensive Grazing On Native Pasture With Alfalfa Or Sudangrass Grazing And/Or Feedlot Finishing, R.M. Helsel, Gerry L. Posler, Jack G. Riley, E.F. Smith, G.M. Ward

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Late summer grazing of alfalfa or sudangrass by cattle coming off half-season, double-stocked native grazing showed no advantage over immediate feedlot finishing. Late-summer grazers gained less in the feedlot and required about the same feeding period as those animals taken to the feedlots in midsummer.

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Protein Supplementation For Cows Wintered On Milo Stubble, M. Mckee, K. Kimole, L.R. Corah Jan 1978

Protein Supplementation For Cows Wintered On Milo Stubble, M. Mckee, K. Kimole, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cows in mid-to-late gestation gained significantly (P<.05) more while grazing milo stover supplemented on alternative days with 4 lbs. per head of a natural protein than cows with no protein supplement. Although protein supplementation stimulated extra gain, the cows receiving no protein supplement gained weight and maintained adequate condition for mid-to-late gestation. When quality and quantity of milo stover are satisfactory, satisfactory performance can be achieved by cows in mid-to-late gestation without supplemental protein.

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Sudangrass, Sorghum-Sudan, Forage Sorghum, And Corn Silages And Three Protein Levels For Growing Yearling Steers, W. Thompson, J. Oltjen, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley Jan 1978

Sudangrass, Sorghum-Sudan, Forage Sorghum, And Corn Silages And Three Protein Levels For Growing Yearling Steers, W. Thompson, J. Oltjen, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sudangrass, sorghum-sudan, forage sorghum, and corn silages were full-fed to yearling steers for 70-or 91-day growing periods. For both periods, steers fed corn silage outperformed steers fed any other silage. In the 70-day period silages from both sudangrass and sorghum-sudan cut at 45- and 60-inch plant heights, respectively, supported performance similar to forage sorghum silage. For both periods steers fed sorghum-sudan (dough) silage gained slowest and least efficiently. For the 91-day period, rations containing 12.0% crude protein supported better performance than rations containing 10.5 or 9% protein and 10.5% protein rations supported better performance than 9% protein rations.

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The Evaluation Of Virginiamycin In Feed As A Treatment For Swine Dysentery In Heavy (More Than 120 Lbs.) Hogs (1978), D A. Schoneweis Jan 1978

The Evaluation Of Virginiamycin In Feed As A Treatment For Swine Dysentery In Heavy (More Than 120 Lbs.) Hogs (1978), D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Virginiamycin at 100 grams per ton of feed was effective as a treatment against swine dysentery. The only pig receiving Virginiamycin that died during treatment had concurrent gangrenous pneumonia --probably the major cause of death. The pigs receiving the feed with Virginiamycin were more alert and ate more than the controls--which resulted in more weight gain and improved feed conversion. The Virginiarnycin did not clear up all signs of dysentery as several pigs continued to have diarrhea. Pigs that had been on Virginiamycin began to break with dysentery six days after the antibiotic was withdrawn and a pig weighing 234 …

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Teat Necrosis In Newborn Gilts (1978), D A. Schoneweis Jan 1978

Teat Necrosis In Newborn Gilts (1978), D A. Schoneweis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Marked enlargement and edema of the vulva are often noted in newborn gilts. An accompanying, but less conspicuous, lesion is enlarged, engorged mammary glands. Although not fully understood, the changes are thought to result from increased estrogen in sows before they farrow. The edema of the vulva usually causes no lasting problems but enlarged mammary glands are more susceptible to injury from a rough surface like concrete slats. Such injuries may lead to teat necrosis and fibrosis, which makes nipples appear inverted and they are often nonfunctional when the gilts farrow. The incidence of teat necrosis can be reduced by …

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Managing The Breeding Herd (1978), Duane L. Davis Jan 1978

Managing The Breeding Herd (1978), Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Successful swine producers pay careful attention to the breeding herd. The members of our producer panel will present three approaches to managing reproduction. Their ideas are of particular interest since each is a successful manager. This paper will serve as an outline of topics to be discussed. Basically the same problems occur in all common management systems; however, particular problems may be exaggerated under certain conditions. A well-known example is failure of gilts to reach puberty at an acceptable age. While some producers in all types of facilities experience this problem, complaints are considerably more frequent when gilts are bred …

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Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Finishing Pigs (1978), G L. Allee, M Noll Jan 1978

Evaluation Of Various Antibiotics On Growth Rate And Feed Efficiency Of Finishing Pigs (1978), G L. Allee, M Noll

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 150 Yorkshire finishing pigs averaging 120 lbs initially to evaluate the following antibotics: Tylan, Stafac, Oleandomycin, and Flavomycin on rate and efficiency of gain. The trial ended when pigs within a replicate averaged approximately 220 lbs. There were no significant differences in rate or efficiency of gain by pigs fed nonmedicated or medicated diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Effect Of Feeding Oats And Oat Hulls On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1978), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

Effect Of Feeding Oats And Oat Hulls On Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1978), A J. Thulin, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred twenty-eight Yorkshire pigs, weaned at 5 weeks of age and averaging 8.4 kg. (18.46 lbs) were used to determine how feeding them various levels of oats, oat hulls, and oats plus fat would effect their performance. Adding oats or oat hulls to increase fiber content of the diets resulted in similar rates of gain, even though the diets contained up to 7.3% fiber. Pigs fed a diet containing 7.3% fiber, however had significantly poorer feed efficiency and daily feed intake than pigs fed the other diets tested. Pigs fed diets containing 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% oats had …

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Results From One And Two Implants Compared With Yearling Cattle On Summer Pasture, R. Pruitt, A. Fleck, E.F. Smith, L. Corah, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1978

Results From One And Two Implants Compared With Yearling Cattle On Summer Pasture, R. Pruitt, A. Fleck, E.F. Smith, L. Corah, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Reimplanting Ralgro in mid-July after implanting in late April did not improve daily summer gains compared to a single implant.

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Effect Of Age And Type Of Testosterone Treatment On Cows Used For Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe, M.D. Heekin, H.S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde Jan 1978

Effect Of Age And Type Of Testosterone Treatment On Cows Used For Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe, M.D. Heekin, H.S. Ward, Kenneth G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve cows were given a preliminary treatment of testosterone proprionate and were used to help us detect other cows in heat. We used two types of testosterone booster treatments to maintain male sex behavior in both age groups of cows. Two cows from each treatment or age group were paired and placed with 40 or 60 cows for 30 to 50 days. Two hundred forty-nine cows were observed in heat and 240 (96.4%) were marked by the detector cows. In this experiment, testosterone proprionate boosters maintained cows as heat detectors more effectively than testosterone enanthate boosters.

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Wheat, Barley, And Oat Silages For Beef Cattle, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen Jan 1978

Wheat, Barley, And Oat Silages For Beef Cattle, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat, barley, or oat silages can provide excellent alternatives to corn and sorghum silages for beef cattle. Wheat, barley, oat, and corn silages were fed to steers in seven trials for the past five years (Prog. Rpt. 210, 230, 262 and 291, Kansas Agr. Expt. Sta.). The forages were whole plant and had been harvested in the dough state except as indicated. Silage was made in concrete silos (10 x 50 feet). When necessary, water was added to provide a moisture content of at least 60% in the ensiled forage. Cereal silage varieties included soft red winter, awnless wheats, Blue …

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Utilizing Wheat Straw And Wheat Tailings With Beef Cows, B. Peverley, L. Corah, M. Mckee Jan 1978

Utilizing Wheat Straw And Wheat Tailings With Beef Cows, B. Peverley, L. Corah, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-one Simmental-Hereford and Hereford cows in early gestation were used to compare three rations in a 106-day trial: (1) wheat straw, (2) wheat tailings, and (3) soaked wheat straw. Each was fed to groups of lactation and nonlactating cows. Cows fed the soaked wheat straw and those fed wheat tailings out-gained those on wheat straw by 28 and 16.7 pounds, respectively. All cows' condition score decreased during the trial period. Two-year-old heifers did not perform as well as the mature cows on the straw rations. Dry cows out-gained the lactating cows on both straw and tailing rations.

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Myoclonia Congenita (Trembling Piglets) (1978), H W. Leipold, R Scarsi, D Schoneweis, R Milleret, R Phillips Jan 1978

Myoclonia Congenita (Trembling Piglets) (1978), H W. Leipold, R Scarsi, D Schoneweis, R Milleret, R Phillips

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An epidemiologic survey was conducted on ten swine farms in Kansas and two in Nebraska (1878 piglets in 251 litters) to determine the incidence, clinical signs, and cause of myoclonia corrgenita. The percentage of litters with myoclonia congenita was 37.45%, ranging from 4.35% to 100%. Morbidity rate was 37.5%, which is lower than rates in previous surveys in the United States. Mortality rate in all pigs was 17.73% while the fatality rate of affected pigs was 47.2%.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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The Relationship Between Body Measurements And Performance Traits Of Selected Barrows Carried To Heavy Weights (1978), D H. Carnahan, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

The Relationship Between Body Measurements And Performance Traits Of Selected Barrows Carried To Heavy Weights (1978), D H. Carnahan, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-seven Yorkshire barrows were selected for large and small scale test groups by using body height and length as a selection index. Initially the index between groups differed; however, the same measurements gave indexes that were nearly equal when the pigs weighed 210 and 300 lbs. Large scale barrows gained faster per day than did small scale barrows from start to 210 lbs; however, there were no differences in feed efficiency or backfat thickness. No differences were observed between scale groups fed to 300 lbs for the traits of average daily gain, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, carcass length, or loin …

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Effect Of Adding Fat To Diets During Late Gestation And Lactation (1978), G L. Allee, J Salava Jan 1978

Effect Of Adding Fat To Diets During Late Gestation And Lactation (1978), G L. Allee, J Salava

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent research at the University of Nebraska suggest that feeding sows high level of fat (15-20%) during late gestation and lactation may increase energy stores in the newborn pig and increase their survival. Adding fat to sows diets increases the fat content of the milk and therefore increases its energy content. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding 6% fat to sows and gilts during late gestation and lactation on pig survival and performance from birth to weaning (14 or 21 days).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Effect Of Post-Partum Breeding Interval On Conception Rates In Beef Cows, G.H. Kiracofe, Kenneth G. Odde Jan 1978

Effect Of Post-Partum Breeding Interval On Conception Rates In Beef Cows, G.H. Kiracofe, Kenneth G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding interval on conception rates in beef cows. Normal fertility was observed for cows showing heat 40 or more days post-partum.

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Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, And Protein Levels Compared For Growing Calves, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg Jan 1978

Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum, And Protein Levels Compared For Growing Calves, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Milo stover silage, baled silo stover or forage sorghum silage was fed in 10, 12, or 14% protein rations to 120 calves in a 95-day growing trial, December 9, 1976, to March 14, 1977. Calves fed forage sorghum silage outperformed those fed milo stover silage or baled milo stover. Ensiled and baled milo stover supported similar performances. Calves fed 10% protein gained slower and less efficiently than those fed 12 or 14% protein. Observed gain and efficiency for a ration containing equal parts of milo stover silage and forage sorghum silage exceeded predicted gain and efficiency by 7.8% and 15.4%, …

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Factors Influencing Sickness At Central Bull Test Station, D.S. O'Banion, K.O. Zoellner, R.R. Schalles Jan 1978

Factors Influencing Sickness At Central Bull Test Station, D.S. O'Banion, K.O. Zoellner, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pre-test management was studied on 351 bulls from 54 herds that were tested at the Kansas Bull Test Station at Beloit, Kansas. Charolais, Hereford, Polled Hereford, and Simmental bulls were sick more days than Angus or Limousin between delivery and start of test. Starting ages and weight correlated significantly with sickness. Bulls sick the least had been vaccinated with BVD, IBR, PI3, Pasturella, Blackleg, malignant edema, and lepto before arriving for test.

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Weaning Calves Early From Drylot, M. Mckee, G. Fink Jan 1978

Weaning Calves Early From Drylot, M. Mckee, G. Fink

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Percentage Simmental and Hereford calves gained slightly more (13 lbs./hd) while nursing their mothers than 83 herd mates that were weaned early at 49 (+27) days of age. Percentage Simmental cows whose calves were weaned early had a higher conception rate than percentage Simmental cows that nursed calves (93% vs. 89%) Dams of calves weaned early rebred 17.6 days sooner than nursing dams.

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Effects On Carcass Traits Of Beef Ration Energy Level And Length Of Feeding, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, A.R. Harrison, B.E. Brent, Jack G. Riley, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1978

Effects On Carcass Traits Of Beef Ration Energy Level And Length Of Feeding, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, A.R. Harrison, B.E. Brent, Jack G. Riley, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 150 Angus yearling steers of similar background from the Livestock and Meat Industry Council cattle-flow project. Each was assigned to one of the 12 treatments (10 per treatment) involving low-, medium-, and high-energy rations (calculation to supply 34, 45, and 58 megacalories per 100 lbs. ration for net energy of production). Times on rations were 56, 91, 119, 147, and 175 days. Ten steers were fed a submaintenance ration of prairie hay 28 days before slaughter, and 10 served as controls (slaughtered when study started).

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Carcass Characteristics, Palatability, And Shelf Life Of Beef Finished On Selected Feeding Regimes, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, V. Chen, O. Corte, G.H. Gutowski, A.R. Harrison, C. Kuntapanit, J.D. Thomas, M.E. Mccurry (Smith) Jan 1978

Carcass Characteristics, Palatability, And Shelf Life Of Beef Finished On Selected Feeding Regimes, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, V. Chen, O. Corte, G.H. Gutowski, A.R. Harrison, C. Kuntapanit, J.D. Thomas, M.E. Mccurry (Smith)

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report terminates a 3-year study and includes data from this past year. Previous results were reported in the 1976 and '77 Cattlemen's Day Report.

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Predicting Cattle Performance From Mathematical Models, B.E. Brent, A. Chestnut, P. George Jan 1978

Predicting Cattle Performance From Mathematical Models, B.E. Brent, A. Chestnut, P. George

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Tables based on a mathematical model are presented that allow cost of gains by steers at various weights to be calculated. An example illustrate how to use the tables to help with economic decisions.

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Forage And Grain Yields And Forage Composition Of Barley, Wheat, And Oats, J. Oltjen, K. Bolsen, W. Moore Jan 1978

Forage And Grain Yields And Forage Composition Of Barley, Wheat, And Oats, J. Oltjen, K. Bolsen, W. Moore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We harvested barley, wheat and oat varieties at the dough stage. Average yields in tons of 65% moisture forage/acre were 9.3 (barley), 10.2 (hard wheat), 9.5 (soft wheat), and 10.0 (oats). Barley variety yields varied most because of winter kill. Barley forages were the most digestible; oats, the least digestible. Crude fiber and grain contents of the forages were highly correlated with digestibility. Barley yielded highest in digestible dry matter, but hard wheat yields were more consistent from year to year.

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Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1978), D R. Ames, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines Jan 1978

Evaporative Cooling Systems For Swine (1978), D R. Ames, David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During heat stress swine must rely an evaporation as a mechanism for heat loss. Providing water via sprinklers, showers, and foggers is a practical method of reducing heat stress. It is imperative in any evaporative system that animals are permitted to dry, because the evaporation of water is fundamental to evaporative cooling. Ideally, hogs should be wetted and then given time to dry, followed by successive wetting and drying. Studies are under way to investigate various systems of wetting hogs to take maximum advantage of evaporative cooling.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 9, 1978

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Fate Of Calcium Crystals In Alfalfa Fed To Cattle, L.H. Harbers, G.M. Ward Jan 1978

Fate Of Calcium Crystals In Alfalfa Fed To Cattle, L.H. Harbers, G.M. Ward

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Calcium crystals were located in parallel rows surrounding vascular bundles in alfalfa leaves and under the epidermis of alfalfa stems. The crystals remain intact on vascular bundles in the rumen. Most crystals are dislodged in fecal matter, and free crystals can be recovered. These data support previous work here showing that calcium from alfalfa may be less available to ruminants than previously thought.

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Effect Of Energy Level During Late Gestation On The Performance Of Heifers Calving For The First Time (3 Year Summary), L.R. Corah, A. Fleck, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1978

Effect Of Energy Level During Late Gestation On The Performance Of Heifers Calving For The First Time (3 Year Summary), L.R. Corah, A. Fleck, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Effect of varying energy levels fed during gestation on reproduction and calf performance were studied in three trials involving 266 first calf heifers. Reducing energy during mid-gestation did not adversely affect the performance of the heifers when they were fed properly for at least 50 days before calving. Heifers on restricted levels of energy during mid-gestation and then elevated tended to have both higher first-service conception rates and total conception rates. Restricting energy throughout the gestation period reduced reproductive performance, causing lighter calves at birth and weaning emphasizing the importance of energy in the diet of first calf heifers.

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Effects Of Soybean Oil And Corn Oil Alone Or In Combination With Rumensin®, On Methane And Vfa Production, In Vitro, Jack G. Riley, S.L. Newby Jan 1978

Effects Of Soybean Oil And Corn Oil Alone Or In Combination With Rumensin®, On Methane And Vfa Production, In Vitro, Jack G. Riley, S.L. Newby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soybean oil or corn oil when fed at 0, 2, 4, or 6% of the ration did not significantly reduce methane production or alter the ratios of volatile fatty acids. Soybean oil was superior to corn oil in reducing methane, and soybean oil, produced a more desirable acetate:propionate ratio. Rumensin was compared at levels simulating 0, 15, and 30 grams per ton of complete ration. Rumensin at either concentration significantly reduced methane and significantly improved the acetate:propionate ratio.

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Feeding Monensin To Yearling Cattle On Summer Grass, E.F. Smith, R. Pruitt, Jack G. Riley, L. Corah, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1978

Feeding Monensin To Yearling Cattle On Summer Grass, E.F. Smith, R. Pruitt, Jack G. Riley, L. Corah, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The feed additive, Monensin, was self-fed in a feed block to yearling cattle on summer pasture. Consumption of the block (0.29 lb. daily) supplied 116 mg. of Monensin daily, which failed to improve the cattle's performance.

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