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1975

Animal Sciences

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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Swine Market Prospects (1975), J Kropf, J Mccoy Jan 1975

Swine Market Prospects (1975), J Kropf, J Mccoy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Prices for market barrows and gilts began a significant upward trend in July, 1974. By spring of 1975 hog feeding profits had improved substantially over a year earlier. Improved profits would be expected to lead to expanded production. The Hogs and Pigs Report for 14 states released September 19, 1975 by the Statistical Reporting Service indicated sow farrowing intentions for September-November are down 7 percent. While December-February farrowing intentions are up 6 percent, the resulting increased pork production available by mid-year should not significantly affect prices.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Salt Level For Finishing Swine (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1975

Salt Level For Finishing Swine (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials involving 118 finishing Pigs were conducted to determine minimum salt needed in finishing diets. Performance of pigs fed 0.2 to 0.5% salt diets did not differ significantly, but pigs fed 0.1% or no salt gained significantly slower and less efficiently. Therefore, 0.2% salt in the finishing ration for swine from 100 lbs. to 215 lbs. should meet finishing pigs' requirements.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Heifers, G. Heersche, G.H. Kiracofe, R.M. Mckee, D.G. Morrison Jan 1975

Synchronizing Estrus In Beef Heifers, G. Heersche, G.H. Kiracofe, R.M. Mckee, D.G. Morrison

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estrous synchronization would benefit the cattle industry. Successful methods are not commercially available, so new compounds and treatment procedures are being tested. Treatment with melengestrol acetate, prostaglandin, or luteining releasing factor resulted in unsuccessful synchronization and lowered fertility. Successful synchronization and 63.2% first service conception followed syncro-mate B, PGF2, and LRF.

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Polioencephalomalacia (Pem)-Current Research Status, D.A. Sapienza, B.E. Brent Jan 1975

Polioencephalomalacia (Pem)-Current Research Status, D.A. Sapienza, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In ruminants fed high grain rations, a condition called polioencephalomalacia (PEM), characterized by central nervous system derangement, can develop. It usually is noninfectious, responds to thiamin injections, and is characterized by sudden onset. Using artificial rumen techniques, we established that PEM results from a bacteria-produced enzyme in the rumen that converts the vitamin thiamin to a nonusable alternate form, pyrithiamin, which in turn caused severe metabolic disturbances in the central nervous system.

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Yeast Culture As An Additive In Swine Grower Rations (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1975

Yeast Culture As An Additive In Swine Grower Rations (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Adding yeast culture at manufacturer's recommended levels to a complete, pelleted, 16% crude protein ration fed to nursery-age pigs produced no measurable improvement in rate of gain, feed efficiency, survival, activity, or appearance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Effects Of Protein Levels And Withdrawing Supplemental Protein On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Steers, K.F. Harrison, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Effects Of Protein Levels And Withdrawing Supplemental Protein On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Steers, K.F. Harrison, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

one growing trial and two finishing trials we used 264 steers. Rations containing 13.2% crude protein during the 105-day growing trial significantly (P<.05) improved rate of gain gain compared with 11.3% crude protein rations. Withdrawing supplemental protein at approximately 750, 850, or 950 pounds live weight did not significantly affect rate of gain; however, gain was slowest by steers without supplemental protein.

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Nutritional Value Of Pearl Millet For Swine (1975), G L. Allee, Gary M. Paulsen Jan 1975

Nutritional Value Of Pearl Millet For Swine (1975), G L. Allee, Gary M. Paulsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A growth trial and a digestion trial were conducted using 44 crossbred pigs (initial average weight 40 pounds) to determine the nutritional value of pearl millet as a feedstuff for swine. The millet used contained 11.98% protein (N x 6.25) and 0.40% lysine on a dry matter basis. In the growth trial, replacing 50 or 100% of the corn with millet had no significant effect on feed intake, daily gain, or feed/gain. Results of the digestion trial suggest that the digestibility of protein and energy in millet is similar to that of corn.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Number Of Pigs Per Pen With Equal Space Per Pig (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1975

Number Of Pigs Per Pen With Equal Space Per Pig (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Groups of 6, 12, or 24 pigs averaging 37 pounds each were assigned to pens where each pig had 3.85 square feet of floor space for a 4-week feeding period. Pigs in groups of 12 gained significantly slower and showed a much higher incidence of tail-biting than groups of 6 or 24. Feed efficiency was similar for all groups. In groups of 12 three pigs per feeder space gave the same results as six pigs per feeder space.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Pricing Feeder Pigs (1975), J H. Mccoy, R V. Price, M L. Manuel, C E. Ward Jan 1975

Pricing Feeder Pigs (1975), J H. Mccoy, R V. Price, M L. Manuel, C E. Ward

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent increases in specialized production of feeder pigs has stimulated interest in various methods of pricing pigs outside traditional marketing channels. Most such methods are either negotiated pricing or formula pricing. In privately negotiated transactions, both seller and buyer must have approximately equal knowledge of markets and of grade and weight characteristics of the pigs. In addition, each should have about equal bargaining ability.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Trace Mineral Levels During Gestation - Effects On Hemoglobin, Performance And Health Of Neonatal Pigs (1975), D A. Schoneweis, G L. Allee Jan 1975

Trace Mineral Levels During Gestation - Effects On Hemoglobin, Performance And Health Of Neonatal Pigs (1975), D A. Schoneweis, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-one litters were used to compare effects of two levels of trace minerals fed dams during gestation on hemoglobin, performance, and health of neonatal pigs. There were no significant differences in number of pigs born alive, birth weight, two-week or four-week weights of the pigs due to trace minerals fed the dams during gestation. Neither were there differences between groups of pigs in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, or erythrocytes at birth or at two-weeks age. There were no apparent differences in the incidence of diarrhea or other neonatal diseases between the two group. Our results suggest no benefits from feeding …

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Attractants For Swine Starter Feeds: Aroma Vs. Taste (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1975

Attractants For Swine Starter Feeds: Aroma Vs. Taste (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Duroc weaned pigs given a choice of feed containing an aromatic or sugar chose diets containing 5% sugar. The preference pattern was altered by pre-weaning feeding in that pigs tended to consume the initial ration. However, they later exhibited a preference for the sugar diet indicating that taste was more of an attractant than aroma. Pigs with access to only one diet consumed approximately the same amount of feed per day, so weight gains and feed/gain ratios were similar. Neither aroma nor sugar increased feed intake or performance by pigs offered only one diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, …

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Isocaloric Swine Finishing Diets With Various Percentages Of Alfalfa Meal And Tallow (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1975

Isocaloric Swine Finishing Diets With Various Percentages Of Alfalfa Meal And Tallow (1975), B A. Koch, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Increasing the alfalfa meal to 30% in a finishing pig diet did not significantly reduce average daily gain when tallow was also added to maintain the caloric density of the ration. Digestibility of dry matter and gross energy were reduced as fiber increased, but feed efficiency was not significantly changed with caloric density maintained. Increasing dietary alfalfa meal and tallow content did not change the percentage of dietary nitrogen retained. Rations containing high levels of alfalfa meal and tallow tended to "bridge" in self-feeders.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 13, 1975

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Cow And Calf Performance As Affected By Nitrogen Fertilization And Burning Of Bluestem Pastures, L.L. Berger, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1975

Cow And Calf Performance As Affected By Nitrogen Fertilization And Burning Of Bluestem Pastures, L.L. Berger, R.R. Schalles, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Burning and fertilizing treatments on six Bluestem pastures were evaluated by comparing performance of spring-calving cows and calves that grazed them. Two control pastures were not burned or fertilized, two pastures were burned, and two were burned and fertilized with 40 pounds of nitrogen an acre, applied aerially. Neither average daily gains of the calves nor reproductive performance of the cows differed significantly among treatments.

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Energy Levels And Roughage Sources For Bulls On 140-Day Test, M. Mckee, K.L. Conway, G. Fink, R.R. Schalles, K.K. Bolsen, K.O. Zoellner Jan 1975

Energy Levels And Roughage Sources For Bulls On 140-Day Test, M. Mckee, K.L. Conway, G. Fink, R.R. Schalles, K.K. Bolsen, K.O. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-nine Angus, Hereford, and part Simmental bulls were tested 140 days (December 18, 1973 to May 6,1974) for weight gained. Bulls were divided into four groups and fed four different rations that had been formulated for two energy levels (high and medium) and two sources of roughage (corn silage or oats and prairie hay). Average daily gains (lbs.) on the four rations were: high energy silage, 3.48; high energy oats and prairie hay, 3.27; low energy silage, 2.58; and low energy oats and prairie hay, 3.41.

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Adjusting Yearling Weight Ratios For Prior Selection, J. Vanmiddlesworth, R.R. Schalles, George A. Milliken Jan 1975

Adjusting Yearling Weight Ratios For Prior Selection, J. Vanmiddlesworth, R.R. Schalles, George A. Milliken

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We developed a procedure to compare yearling weight ratios of a calf crop when the calves have been on different management or feeding regimes This procedure will also produce more meaningful sire and dam summaries.

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Weaning Calves Early, M. Mckee, K.K. Bolsen, R.R. Schalles, K.L. Conway, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Weaning Calves Early, M. Mckee, K.K. Bolsen, R.R. Schalles, K.L. Conway, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth rate of 38 calves after being weaned at an average of 91.6 days was compared with growing rate of 37 calves averaging 91.2 days of age and continuing to nurse their mothers the same period. Average daily gains (lbs.) were 3.09 for the early weaned calves and 3.23 for those nursing their mothers the same 128 days. TDN consumption (lbs.) for each early-weaned calf and its mother for the 128-days from May 22 to September 27 was 2,714.8, and 3,215.2 for nursing calves and their mothers.

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Performance Of Bulls On Kansas Bull Test, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner Jan 1975

Performance Of Bulls On Kansas Bull Test, R.R. Schalles, K.O. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bulls on summer test gained faster than those on winter test. Breeds from Continental Europe were taller at the shoulder and gained faster than British breeds. Older bulls that were lighter at the start of the test gained slightly faster than younger, heavier bulls, probably because of differences in condition. Adjusted 205-day weight had little relationship to performance; however, weaning weight ratio was positively related to performance on test, indicating that the heaviest bulls at weaning in a herd are most apt to perform best on test.

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Insemination At An Appointed Time After Estrous Synchronization In Beef Cattle, D.G. Morrison, G.H. Kiracofe, G. Jr. Heersche, R.R. Schalles, M. Mckee Jan 1975

Insemination At An Appointed Time After Estrous Synchronization In Beef Cattle, D.G. Morrison, G.H. Kiracofe, G. Jr. Heersche, R.R. Schalles, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-three cows were each treated with a nine-day Syncro-mate B ear implant and one estrogen and progesterone injection. After implant removal, cows were artificially inseminated either 48, 54 or 60 hours later or 12 hours after estrus. An additional 16 cows received no treatment and were pasture mated. First service conception rates were 26.3, 23.8, 38.1, 33.3, and 68.8% for the 48-, 54-, and 60-post implant group, 12-hour post-estrus, and naturally bred cows, respectively.

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Effects Of Creep Feeding And Post-Weaning Ration On Calf Performance, J.H. Warren, E.F. Smith, R.R. Schalles, L. Berger, G. Fink Jan 1975

Effects Of Creep Feeding And Post-Weaning Ration On Calf Performance, J.H. Warren, E.F. Smith, R.R. Schalles, L. Berger, G. Fink

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We found no advantage for creep feeding calves for either all summer or 37 days prior to weaning. All calves were with their dams on native pasture. Calves not creep fed or creep fed only 37 days before weaning were sick less after weaning than those creep fed all summer. Rate of gain for 21 days after weaning was as good on a low energy weaning ration as on a high energy ration. However, more sickness occurred on the low energy ration.

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Effect Of Culling Open Cows On Reproductive Performance, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe Jan 1975

Effect Of Culling Open Cows On Reproductive Performance, R.R. Schalles, G. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The reproductive performance of a herd of Polled Hereford cows was evaluated over an eight year period. Culling cows the first time they were open would not have improved the future calving rates in this herd. The cost of replacing an open cow should be compared with the cost of maintaining an open cow. Thus, more improvement in reproduction can probably be made through good nutrition and management than by culling cows found open only once.

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Wheat, Barley And Corn Silage Rations For Growing Yearling Steers, K.K. Bolsen, L.L. Berger, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Wheat, Barley And Corn Silage Rations For Growing Yearling Steers, K.K. Bolsen, L.L. Berger, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seven silage and ration treatments compared were: (1) Paoli barley, (2) Arthur wheat, (3) Parker wheat, (4) Parker-head wheat, (5) Parker-head wheat and corn silage (equal parts), (6) corn silage plus a soybean meal supplement, (7) corn silage plus a urea supplement. Treatments 1 through 5 included a soybean meal supplement.

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Milo Head Silage (Milage) Rations For Finishing Yearling Steers, K.K. Bolsen, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Milo Head Silage (Milage) Rations For Finishing Yearling Steers, K.K. Bolsen, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four finishing rations evaluated in the l02-day trial were: (1) unprocessed (Whole) milage, (2) processed (rolled) silage, (3) processed milage plus high moisture milo and (4) high-moisture milo plus chopped hay. Approximate roughage levels were 24% in rations 1 and 2 and 15% in rations 3 and 4. Yearling steers fed processed milage plus high--moisture llIilo gained faster (P<.05) and more efficiently (P<.05) than steers fed any of the other three rations. Steers receiving Whole milage (ration 1) consumed 9.4% more feed (P<.05) and required 14.0% more feed per lb. of gain than steers receiving rolled milage (ration 2). Steers fed rolled milage (rations 2 and 3) required an average of 15.8 and 8.52%, respectively, less grain per lb. of gain than steers fed rations 1 and 4.

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Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K.K. Bolsen, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K.K. Bolsen, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 75 yearling steers in a 92-day trial to evaluate three sources of roughage: (1) chopped prairie hay; (2) milo stover silage; and (3) milo stover pellets; and five milo treatments: (1) dry, 85.5% dry matter (DM); (2) field harvested, high moisture (F-HM), 72.6% DM, ensiled in an O2-limiting structure; (3) F-HM, 79.5% DM, treated with 1.75% ammonium isobutyra1te on a wet basis and stored in a metal bin; (4) F-HM, 73.6% DM, rolled and ensiled in a 10 ft. x 50 ft. concrete stave silo; and (5) harvested at 85.5% DM and reconstituted to 73.3% DM, rolled and …

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Calcium Sources Compared In Liquid Feed Supplements For Finishing Steers, L.H. Harbers, R.D. Teague, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Calcium Sources Compared In Liquid Feed Supplements For Finishing Steers, L.H. Harbers, R.D. Teague, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

When calcium chloride was added to a mixture of minerals and urea in molasses, the minerals had not settled after the mixture was shipped 350 miles and stored 4 weeks. Calcium carbonate added to a similar supplement caused all minerals tested except sodium, potassium, and copper to precipitate. Using a 112-day, steer-feeding trial, we found that animals performed similarly when their liquid feed supplement contained either calcium chloride or resuspended calcium carbonate.

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Response Of Yearling Steers To Pasture Burning, Fertilization, And Intensive Early Season Stocking (Bluestem Pastures), L.L. Berger, L.H. Harbers, R.R. Schalles, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1975

Response Of Yearling Steers To Pasture Burning, Fertilization, And Intensive Early Season Stocking (Bluestem Pastures), L.L. Berger, L.H. Harbers, R.R. Schalles, E.F. Smith, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nine pastures totaling 492 acres were summer grazed by yearling Hereford steers. Five pastures were burned April 24, 1974; four were not burned. Burned and nonburned pastures had 0, 40, or 80 lbs. of nitrogen per acre applied aerially May 2, 1974. Stocking rates were determined with herbage production data from experimental plots under similar treatments. Under equal fertilization and stocking rates, burned pastures produced more average daily gain and gain per acre than nonburned pastures. Fertilizing and heavier stocking tended to reduce average daily gains, but increase gain per acre. Steers on the early-season, intensively grazed pasture, gained the …

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Induced Calving In Beef Cattle, D.G. Morrison, G.H. Kiracofe, G. Jr. Heersche, R.R. Schalles, M. Mckee Jan 1975

Induced Calving In Beef Cattle, D.G. Morrison, G.H. Kiracofe, G. Jr. Heersche, R.R. Schalles, M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Calving was induced in 44 Polled Hereford cows at 275 days' gestation. Twenty mgs. Of dexamethasone (Azium) given intramuscularly caused parturition an average of 43.1 hours after injection (range 21 to 57). An injection of 30 mgs. Of prostaglandin F2 40 hours after dexamethasone effectively increased predictability of calving. Seven of nine cows calved 2.5 to five hours post prostaglandin (average time of calving 44.9 hours after dexamethasone). Prostaglandin given 30 hours after dexamethasone or dexamethasone 40 hours after prostaglandin was less effective ( average 46.6, range 34.5 to 57.5; average 75.3, range 63 to 100, respectively).

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Milo Stover And Sources Of Supplemental Nitrogen For Growing Heifers, K.K. Bolsen, G. Boyett, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Milo Stover And Sources Of Supplemental Nitrogen For Growing Heifers, K.K. Bolsen, G. Boyett, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two heifer calves were used in a 98-day trial to evaluate four rations: (1) forage sorghum silage plus soybean meal, (2) milo stover pellets plus soybean meal, (3) milo stover silage plus soybean meal and (4) milo stover silage plus soybean meal-corn gluten meal-urea. Daily gain was highest (P<.05) and feed required per lb. of gain lowest (P<.05) for heifers fed the forage sorghum silage ration. Heifers fed milo stover pellets consumed more feed (P<.05) than those fed any of the other three rations and, they were less efficient than those fed rations 1 or 4. The mixture of supplemental nitrogen sources fed with milo stover silage (ration 4) gave animal performance similar to that from soybean meal with milo stover silage (ration 3). The results indicate that milo stover's value is 53 to 57% that of forage sorghum in growing rations. On the average, heifers fed milo stover gained 57% as rapidly and 53% as efficiently as heifers fed forage sorghum.

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Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Chianina-X Steers, Jack G. Riley, G. Fink Jan 1975

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Chianina-X Steers, Jack G. Riley, G. Fink

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Chianina-X steers gained consistently during a 151-day finishing test and produced high yielding carcasses with 0.06 in. fat and 1.71 square of loin per hundred pounds of carcass. Average USDA quality grade was between high good and low choice.

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Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Three Groups Of Crossbred Steers Fed To The Same Energy Efficiency Endpoint, R.J. Lipsey, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Three Groups Of Crossbred Steers Fed To The Same Energy Efficiency Endpoint, R.J. Lipsey, Michael E. Dikeman, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixteen Maine Anjou and 16 Gelbvieh steer calves from Angus or Hereford crossbred dams, and 16 Hereford x Angus crossbred steers were fed the same ration in individual pens until they reached a weekly energy efficiency endpoint of 10.3 lb. of feed per pound of gain above their maintenance requirements.

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Effects Of Growth Stimulating Implants And Implanting Sequence On Steer Performance, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley Jan 1975

Effects Of Growth Stimulating Implants And Implanting Sequence On Steer Performance, G. Fink, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trails used 264 steers to evaluate the effects of 36 mg zeranol (Ralgro) and 20 mg estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg progresterone (Synovex-S) implants on performance of steers during one growing and two finishing studies. Daily gain during the 105-day growth trial by steers implanted with Ralgro ®. Before a 151-day finishing trial, equal numbers from each implant group in the growth trial were re-implanted with either R or S so we had four implanting sequences each of two implants: SS; SR; RS; and RR. Implant sequences SR, RS, and RR all gave similar performances and produced faster (P<.05) gains than implant sequence SS. Combining the growing and finishing phases into a 256-day implanting program resulted in no significant differences in daily gain by implant sequence. In a second finishing trial, we compared a single implant of S or R in a 108-day trial. Rate of gain did not differ significantly. Also, carcass measurements did not differ significantly by implant.

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