Life Sciences Commons^™

A Study Of The Relationship Between The Sugar Content Of Enzyme Converted Starch And Pick Values Of A Coated Sheet, David A. Mrochek

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this experiment was to convert starch by the use of enzyme. The conversion was carried out in a way to produce variations in the reducing sugar contents of the cooked starch. These starches were then applied as the adhesive in a coating mixture. Draw downs were made using the variety of coatings and then the sheets were tested for surface strength. The IGT Pick Tested was used. It was hoped that a definite relationship between sugar contents and pick values could be obtained. This, however, was not the case and the experiment would have to be considered …

The Dispersion Of Titanium Dioxide In Paper, Michael James Gallagher

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It has been recognized in the past that certain means of dispersing titanium dioxide in paper yielded better results. An optimum dispersion is one that results in the best optical efficiency of the pigment in the sheet.

In an attempt to pinpoint the optimum conditions the following facts were revealed. Increased mechanical action on the stock slightly increases the brightness and opacity. Pigment addition to higher consistency stock increases brightness and opacity considerably. The alum agglomerated impurities of soft water slightly increase opacity and decrease brightness in unpigmented papers; do not appreciably change the optical properties of pigmented sheets. Untreated …

The Effect Of The Sequence Of Dilution Upon The Potential Brightness Of Coated Board, Michael G. Lindquist

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study has been to determine the influence of the sequence of dilution upon the potential brightness of coated board. The sequence of diluting a coating slurry was varied and its effect upon the brightness of doubly coated board was noted. Besides the measurement of brightness, the coat weight and scattering coefficients were determined. The brightness was determined on the standard I.P.C. Brightness meter. The coat weight was determined from a modification of Tappi Standard T-627m58 while the scattering coefficient was determined from a table of brightness and scattering power.

The results indicated that diluting a coating …

The Effect Of Shear On Aqueous Alkaline Protein Solutions, Ronald E. Hostetler

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of shear on aqueous alkaline protein solutions of casein and a medium viscosity soybean was studied. A Haake Rotovisco viscometer and an Eppenboch agitator were used as shear sources. The light scattering technique was employed to note the changes in molecular weight.

The protein solution was sheared at 20% solids, and clarified by centrifugation and filtration. The solutions were investigated with the light scattering photometer, at pH 10.3, 13% ammonium hydroxide (based on weight of protein), 23°C and between 0.2 and 2.0% concentration.

Results showed that denaturization, causing aggregation, resulted from pressure filtration during clarification of …

The Effect Of Molecular Weight On The Retrogradation Of Amylose, Darryl O'Daye

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of molecular weight on the rate of retrogradation of amylose was studied by monitoring turbidity (corrected for molecular shape) with a light scattering photometer. The results obtained showed that by acid modification of the amylose fraction of starch, the chain length of amylose molecules were reduced. The rate of retrogradation increased with decreasing molecular weight until a maximum was reached at 1 1/2 hours of hydrolysis. The rate of retrogradation then decreased with further decreasing molecular weight until retrogradation began to lessen.

The High Consistency Refining Of Reclaimed Paper Stock, David M. Farrell

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

By subjecting reclaimed paper stock to high consistency refining (HCR) the strength of the paper was developed, without having an adverse effect on the drainage. HCR was performed on the stock at (29% ± 1%) consistency in a Bauer single disc refiner. The HCR stock was compared to conventional refining at 4.5% consistency, which was also refined in the disc refiner.

It was shown that the conventional refining of the paper stock has an adverse effect on drainage because it developed a large percentage of fines and shives. It is believed that these were developed because the reclaimed paper stock …

The Effect Of A Weight Agent On The Process Of Waste Activated Sludge, Ciro A. Mazzola

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of clay as a weighted agent on waste activated sludges generated from the activated sludge process was measured with respect to the gravity thickening rate. In addition, final thickened sludge consistency, centrifuge and pressurized cake dryness, and filterability were measured.

Profile Studies On Pigmented Coatings Under Different Drying Conditions, Andrew M. Lukas

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Experimental procedures were conducted to observe the latex migration tendencies under various drying conditions, by physical and optical analysis. Gloss, calendered and uncalendered and smoothness may be increased by heat drying the coated side of the sheet while brightness tends to decrease. Magnification of 1200 X and 17000 X were used to optimetrically observe the latex particle distribution in the sheet.

The Pulping Of Wood With A N-Butyl Alcohol-Water System, John D. Sinkey

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Aspen chips were cooked in liquor composed of equal volumes of n-butyl alcohol and water, at reflux and at 150 and 185 degrees Centigrade, in order to investigate the potential use of this organic liquid as a pulping agent. Of particular interest were the effects of adding certain substances to the liquor, the effects of time and temperature, and the effects of liquor pH, as controlled by various reagents. Pulping action increased and yields decreased with increasing digestion time and temperature. No apparent advantage in pulping was demonstrated when polysulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or sodium xylene sulfonate was added to the …

Pigment Particle Packing And How It Effects Properties Of The Coated Sheet, James S. Vaughan

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study shows the relatively small effect that pigment particle packing has on properties of the coated sheet. An attempt was made to vary the degree of flocculation of the coating without effecting its other properties. The test run on the coated sheets were brightness, opacity, glass and K & N ink absorption. The results showed no change in both brightness and opacity with an increase in flocculation, and only slight trends in decrease in glass and K&N absorption as the flocculation increased.