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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Characteristics Of Cercospora Nicotianae With Reduced Sensitvity To Azoxystrobin, William Barrett Barlow Jan 2021

Characteristics Of Cercospora Nicotianae With Reduced Sensitvity To Azoxystrobin, William Barrett Barlow

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Burley and dark tobacco production are important to agriculture in Kentucky, worth $145.1 and $94.4 million in 2020, respectively. The price received for a tobacco crop is influenced by leaf quality, determined by multiple characteristics including leaf damage. Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora nicotianae, has historically been a minor disease of tobacco. However, when FLS infections reach the upper canopy of tobacco, lesions are seen as damage that negatively influence leaf quality. Fungicides are regularly used to manage foliar diseases of tobacco, and the only systemic fungicide active ingredient labeled for tobacco is azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin belongs to the …


The Roles Of The Actin Network And Co-Opted Host Factors In Tbsv Replication, Melissa Gabriela Molho Medina Jan 2021

The Roles Of The Actin Network And Co-Opted Host Factors In Tbsv Replication, Melissa Gabriela Molho Medina

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Positive-stranded (+) RNA viruses are the largest family of viruses that infect plants, causing important economic losses in different crops. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a small positive-stranded RNA virus, has emerged as a model virus to study virus-host interactions. TBSV encodes for only five proteins, therefore, to infect the host cell TBSV co-opts selected host components and subverts specific molecular pathways.

Firstly, I performed a proteomic screening using Arabidopsis proteins. I found that TBSV viral replication proteins interact with 88 host proteins, including the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 (Ubc2), fructose 1,6 biphosphate aldolase (Fba1), and several members of the Hps70 …


Wheat Disease Management With Fungicides: Qoi-Resistant Parastagonospora Nodorum And Zymoseptoria Tritici, Application Timing For Leaf Disease Management, And Sprayer Configurations For Fusarium Head Blight Management, Nathaniel Heubeck White Jan 2021

Wheat Disease Management With Fungicides: Qoi-Resistant Parastagonospora Nodorum And Zymoseptoria Tritici, Application Timing For Leaf Disease Management, And Sprayer Configurations For Fusarium Head Blight Management, Nathaniel Heubeck White

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Disease management in winter wheat can be improved by a properly implemented foliar fungicide program. The fungicide, application time, and application system should be selected based on the host, pathogens present, risk of fungicide resistance, and time of disease onset. These factors vary among environments and require region-specific research to determine appropriate practices. Trials were conducted to evaluate different aspects of fungicide applications for managing Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, and the Septoria tritici leaf blotch complex, caused by Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum. A survey of P. nodorum isolates from Kentucky and Illinois and …


Seeing Double With Cannabis: Heteroploid Populations In Bipolaris Gigantea, Causal Agent Of Bipolaris Leaf Spot, Desiree Szarka Jan 2021

Seeing Double With Cannabis: Heteroploid Populations In Bipolaris Gigantea, Causal Agent Of Bipolaris Leaf Spot, Desiree Szarka

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Bipolaris leaf spot (BLS) disease emerged with the reintroduction of hemp as a crop in the United States following more than 60 years of prohibition. The causal agent was identified as Bipolaris gigantea (=Drechslera gigantea), a known minor pathogen of monocots which causes devastating disease on hemp. BLS has been confirmed throughout Kentucky and reported in 15 states. Morphology and growth characteristics of isolates from eight counties across Kentucky were similar with the exception of some isolates producing protoperithecial-like structures. Phylogenetic and whole genome analysis indicated that some isolates were haploid, containing a single allele at each gene …


Negative Regulatory Factors In Tombusvirus Replication: Known Proteins, Novel Roles, Paulina Alatriste González Jan 2021

Negative Regulatory Factors In Tombusvirus Replication: Known Proteins, Novel Roles, Paulina Alatriste González

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Although host cells are a rather rich source for co-opted host factors, lipids and metabolites, positive stranded RNA viruses vastly rewire cellular pathways and remodel cellular membranes to support viral replication. To accomplish such major changes, these viruses depend on the availability of different host factors and the ability to readily assemble viral replication organelles (VROs). Genome-wide screens and proteomics approaches with Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV) in a yeast model host indicated that tombusviruses rely on the cellular cytoskeleton to reorganize the cellular environment of their hosts. Using temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of beta and gamma-tubulin proteins and pharmacological inhibitors, …