Life Sciences Commons^™

Strength Characteristics Of Multi-Ply And Single-Ply Handsheets, Yale Brandt

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In a multi-ply handsheet there are three fundamental strengths. These fundamental strengths are the bonding between plies, bonding between fibers and the strength of the fibers. The strengths are interrlated and controlled by the preparation and mechanical handling of the stock.

The beating of the fibers, the consistency at which the sheet is formed, the couching pressure, and the final pressing all produce certain marked effects on the strength characteristics in a multi-ply handsheet.

In general it may be said that the strength characteristics of a given weight sheet may be increased by forming a multi-ply sheet.

The Influence Of Fiber Length And Fiber Length Distribution On Some Strength Characteristics Of A Commercial Pulp, David Kraske

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this thesis, four groups of fibers with varying average fiber lengths have been separated from a coniferous bleached kraft pulp which had been beaten to different levels of freeness. The fractionation of the pulp was accomplished with a Bauer-McNett fiber classifier. The groups of fibers were analyzed for average fiber length, fiber length distribution and for their strength characteristics.

The results of this survey show interesting and significant trends, particularly with regard to the apparent density, tensile strength and the tearing resistance of the various fractions. The contributions of the various fractions to the strength characteristics of the whole …

A Study Of Methods Used To Determine Fiber Length And Fiber Length Distributions By Optical Means, Russell Larson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Various methods of slide preparation and fiber measurement are discussed in this literature survey. It is generally agreed that the time required to complete an individual test of fiber length has been an important factor in preventing a wider application of fiber length measurements in stock preparation control. Most authors use a method whereby a slide containing a number of fibers is projected and. the measurements are made directly on the screen.

A method of measuring; fiber length and fiber length distribution by a projection arrangement is described and the operating procedure given. The relation between pulp at different degrees …

Non-Cellulosic Fibers Their Properties And Influence On The Characteristics Of Handsheets, James W. Winn

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Some non-cellulosic fibers have been discussed as to their paper making characteristics.

In the field of inorganic chemistry only glass fibers have been used in paper making. The methods used in the conversion of the brittle filament into paper have been described in detail.

In the field of thermoplastic fibers, Vinyon, a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate; Saran, a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride; and Styrene, polymerized styrene units, have been discussed. The limited data found in the literature on the performance of Vinyon have been presented.

Taxonomic Survey Of The Eggs And Larvae Of Some Species Of Utah Amphibia, Don B. Skousen

Theses and Dissertations

How the eggs and larbae of the Utah amphibians differ from each other is the problem to be considered in this paper. Certain problems are yet to be answered. One problem is that the larvae of Rana pretiosa subsp. From utah fit the description of the Nevada form, Rana pretiosa luteiventris, as described by Thompson (1913) and not the description of Rana pretiosa pretiosa as set forth by Svihla (1935). Another problem is that the adults, tadpoles, and eggs of Rana pipiens brachycephala and Rana onca are strikingly similar. Rana fisheri of the Las Vegas Valley in nevada and Rana …

A Preliminary Study Of The Genus Carex In Utah County, Utah, William R. Liechty

Theses and Dissertations

It has been the purpose of the author in this study to determine, as far as possible in the available tim.e, the number and kinds of Carex which occur in Utah County; their distribution in relation to region, soil, moisture and other factors, and to provide keys to the species and a description of each one that occurs in this natural area.

A Study Of The Fleshy Fungi Of Utah, Kent Howell Mcknight

Theses and Dissertations

It is the purpose of this study to further the ends of Mycology by presenting the fleshy fungi which are known to grow in Utah. The term fleshy fungi as used here shall include those Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes which produce large or otherwise conspicuous sporocarps and their closely related forms. This includes portions of the sub-classes Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes of the Ascomycetes; and portions of the Heterobasidiao and Eubasidiae of the Basidiomycetes (4). The sporocarps may be fleshy, woody, papery, leathery, carbonous or waxy in texture. This would exclude the Myxomycetes. However, since there have been no extensive studies of …

Effects Of Radioactive Phosphorus In Vitro On Oxygen Consumption Of Semen, Glenn D. Folmar

Masters Theses

Under the conditions of this study, the levels of radiation used did not significantly alter the oxygen consumption of boar and bull sperm.

The average oxygen consumption of ninety replicates of non-treated boar semen representing thirteen different ejaculates from two boars was 201.5 micro liters of oxygen per billion sperm during the first hour of measurement, with a range of 84.6 to 295.8. The average oxygen consumption of seventy-nine replicates of treated boar semen representing twelve different ejaculates from the same two boars was 187.4 microliters of oxygen per billion sperm during the first hour of measurement, with a range …

A Preliminary Study Of The Vegetation In An Exclosure In The Chaparral Of The Wasatch Mountains, Utah, Verl Phillips Allman

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the ecological factors existing within the chaparral community. The present status of the vegetation in a one-acre exclosure was analyzed and recorded so that subsequent improvement or eterioration might be noted. A brief history of the area, the weather, and the geology are presented. Many other aspects of the problems enumerated in the introduction need to be studied. This study provides a foundation for a more detailed study of the vegetation which may be undertaken at a future date.

The Use Of X-Ray And Nitrogen Mustard To Determine The Mitotic And Intermitotic Times In Normal And Malignant Mammalian Tissues, William Richard Widner

Biology ETDs

The relative times involved in the various phases of cell division is basic to problems of tissue growth, but the quantitative relation of mitotic and intermitotic times have received very little attention until recently. Even data on the quantitative comparison of mammalian growth rates are very limited. The rate of growth of any tissue is directly proportional to the number of new cells added to the tissue over and above the number of old cells being constantly destroyed.

The present study was undertaken: (1) to determine which of these two factors is responsible for differences in the mitotic index seen …

The Influence Of Single, Two, And Three Stage Bleaching On Fading Characteristic Of Deinked Stock, Phillip H. Avery

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature survey on the various bleaching methods used on deinked stock and the factors which influence the fading characteristic of deinked stock is compiled. Mention is also made of various additives which have an influence on the fading of a sheet. A description of the experimental work with caustic deinked stack of various groundwood content follows. Results indicate that the groundwood content has more effect upon fading of deinked stock than the number of stages of bleaching, although the increase in the number of stages of bleaching does reduce the amount of fading in a sheet. A greater effect …

The Evaluation Of Paper By Means Of The Densichron Instrument, Edward G. Degalan

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

An Evaluation of the Universal Magnephot Densichron as a Reflectometer, Opacimeter and Color Analyzing Device

This paper is a report on the evaluation of the Universal Magnephot Densichron, an electronic photocell instrument developed for the photographic industry, for use in the paper industry. This instrument has been found to have several errors which make its use impractical for research work in the laboratory, but it can be used in paper mills for control purposes. If this used for this type of work certain precautions have to be taken as outlined. The major portion of this paper deals with the possibility …

A Comparison Of The Strength Characteristics Of Sheets Produced By Standard T.A.P.P.I. Method And By Means Of The Noble And Wood Sheet Machine, William C. Geiger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The first section of this paper is devoted to a literature survey in which the following sheetmaking variables, and their effects upon strength were examined: drying, tension, couching, pressing, consistency of stock in headbox, effect of differences in wire mesh, and drainage time.

The second section is composed of results obtained by personal experimental work. In order to provide an accurate comparison of the two sheetmaking machines in question, their relative differences in procedure were interchanged so as to bring out the variations in strength values for force drying versus air drying, tension during drying versus drying without tension, and …

A Proposed Method Of Forming A Sodium Hexametaphosphate Film On The Fourdrinier Wire, Theodore Richard Kielts

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The addition of sodium hexametaphosphate to the white water system of the paper mill is an effective method of preventing pitch deposition. The ability of this compound to prevent pitch agglomeration is due to its tendency of forming monomolecular films on metallic surfaces to which pitch will not adhere.

This thesis has attempted to evaluate whether this monomolecular protective film is best formed by spraying a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate onto the moving Fourdrinier wire or whether it is best formed by the present-day method of allowing the film to form from the white water system to which sodium hexametaphosphate …

The Taxonomy Of Utah Orthoptera With Notes On Distribution, Andrew H. Barnum

Theses and Dissertations

To an entomologist, the Orthoptera1 is in a state of confusion with respect to the available literature. Work has been done, and is now being done on the orthopteran fauna, but manuals tor identification of most species are not available for all sections or the country. Exclusive of a few lim-ited groups, Utah is among the areas that has no complete keys for taxonomic workers. In biological ivenstigations identification is essential: The species being studied must be definitely known. The primary purpose of this study, therefore, is to list the Utah Orthoptera and provide the keys necessary to their critical …

Respiration Of Kidney Slices From Adrenalectomized Rats Treated With Adrenal Cortical Hormones, Miriam Landew

Biology ETDs

In view of the fact that there obviously are metabolic and oxidative disturbances in the kidney caused by adrenalectomy, this investigation was attempted in an effort to obtain information concerning the following:

(1) Whether the rate of oxygen consumption of rat kidney tissue slices is a function of time; to determine whether the decreased metabolic function occurred immediately upon adrenalectomy or if an initial rise and then a falling off took place, as seemed to be indicated in the work done by Butcher (1943).

(2) Whether cortisone or desoxycorticosterone had the ability to alter oxygen consumption of kidney tissue in …

A Study Of Interscholastic Sports Officiating In The United States, John Martel

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the interscholastic football and basketball sports officiating practices in the United States by (1) determining to what extent the various states certify officials, (2) what the requirements are for certification, (3) the methods of selecting officials for athletic contests, (4) the types of control the state athletic associations exert over officials regarding officials' appeals, conduct of officials, penalties for violations and settlement of disputes, (5) how the officials and the schools are rated, (6) the fees paid to the officials, (7) and the preparation made by officials who officiate interscholastic athletic contests.

The Effects Of Epinephrine And Nor-Epinephrine On The Blood Picture In The Rat, George H. Gass

Biology ETDs

It has long been known that various stresses and stimuli elicit responses in the animal body, and since the stating of Cannon's "emergency function" (1929), the adrenal medullary hormones have been credited with exciting many of the instantaneous responses to the animal body.

The experiment was designed to determine: (1) whether nor-epinephrine has effects on the blood elements different from those seen after epinephrine treatment; (2) whether the dosage of hormone employed will affect the type of response obtained; and (3) whether the demedullated rat responds to the adrenal medullary hormones in the same pattern as the intact rat.

A Botanical Study Of The Trees And Shrubs Found On The Campus Of Ursinus College, Daniel Burnside

Biology Honors Papers

This ten page thesis gives a report of progress made in taking a botanical survey of the Ursinus College campus. Samples from all trees and shrubs of different species were collected, classified, pressed, dried and mounted. Information for plaques was created as well as a map with tree locations and a painting of an aerial view of the campus with trees plotted.

Exposure To X-Radiation Of Localized Areas Of Mammalian Skin Conditioned To Different Levels Of Metabolic Activity, James A. Belli

Bachelors’ Theses

There appears to be an important relationship between the overall metabolic rate prevailing in a protoplasmic system at the time of exposure to ionizing radiations and the extent of the damage effected by such radiation. It is with this issue that the present investigation is concerned.

Radiation biologists and clinical radiologists are coming to realize the importance of this problem. This increasing interest has suggested several new avenues of approach to the radiobiologist toward the elucidation of the more subtle changes occurring in protoplasmic system s exposed to radi­ation. Clinical radiology has availed itself of certain evi­dence (in a yet …

Variations In The Anteriomesenteric Axis Of The Arterial Blood Supply Of The Frog, Adelle V. Michels

Biology Honors Papers

This 10 page thesis attempts to determine if phylogenetically any comparison is possible between variations in the blood supply of the anteriomesenteric axis in frogs and in humans.

A Comparative Study Of Raw, Pasteurized, And Hydrogen Peroxide Treated Milk In The Production Of Swiss Cheese, John Darold Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

At the present time the Swiss cheese making process is a prolonged one requiring several operations and considerable space. The cheese is made in wheels weighing approximately 200 pounds and is covered by a thick rind. There is considerable waste in cutting these large wheels to fit the present merchandising methods.

The Effects Of Salt Content And Temperature On Eye Formation In Swiss Cheese, Kenneth B. Creer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The size, shape, and handling of the large swiss cheese wheels have given rise to problems of labor, marketing, and waste in cutting. At the present time, there is a trend to produce a smaller swiss cheese which will enable the manufacturer and marketing agencies to overcome the difficulties in handling the large wheels.

Attitudes Of School Administrators And Instructors Of Vocational Agricultural Education In Utah, Horace L. Morrill Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Whether or not to provide post-high school education for the farm youth and adult is a highly controversial issue facing many school administrators and teachers of vocational agriculture in Utah today. If one is to start farming and make continuous progress until he becomes a full-fledged farmer it requires several years of training beyond the high school vocational agricultural period. This is because of a lack of maturity and a lack of time, during the high school period, when the individual must and should get a general education.

Many of our present day high schools do not build their curriculum …

An Investigation Concerning The Incidence And Pathogenicity Of Pentatrichomonas Gallinarum And Its Relationship To Histomonas Meleagridis In Turkeys In Utah, Ross S. Hadfield

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Turkey raising has become big business. During the period 1942 to 1946, the average annual return in Utah amounted to about nine and one-half million dollars (4). This amount would have been increased considerably if the death loss among poults had been lower. As an example, using the percentage of mortality given by Miner (9, p. 5), it is estimated that the death-loss of turkeys in 1944 resulted in a loss of gross income by the farmers of Utah of more than four million dollars provided that the price the farmer received had remained the same.

Among the prevalent causes …

The Iron Content Of Some Plants As Influenced By Conditions Associated With Lime-Induced Chlorosis, Robert E. Warnock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Throughout much of western United States the soils contain considerable calcium carbonate. This lime is either distributed throughout the soils profile or it occurs in a zone of accumulation at varying depths. On many of these soils certain plants exhibit a chlorosis in varying intensity. This chlorotic condition is not stable as it varies from year to year and even day to day with changing conditions of climate and soil. this chlorosis has been reported from the wine and fruit regions of Europe, from the pineapple and sugar cane areas of Puerto Rico and Florida, from the sorghum and bean …

A Study Of The Craft Activities In Summer Recreation Programs In Relationship To Weber County, Utah, Leonard W. Glismann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A quick observation in this modern world makes one realize the great problem of leisure time that is upon us. Man is working fewer hours and retirements are at a younger age. Now man finds himself poorly prepared to cope with the situation. In our schools today millions of dollars are spent teaching art, crafts, dramatics, music, and physical education in an attempt to train for leisure, yet we spend a comparatively little amount of money for continuing these activities in out-of-school hours.

Zinc Deficiency In Soils As Affected By Soluble Phosphate, Glen E. Leggett

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Zinc deficiency in Utah is found in about 7 per cent of the orchards. The severity varies from minor cases to sever instances in which many of the trees have died. The areas where zinc deficiency is found are becoming more extensive as land cultivation continues.

The treatment of the disorder is expensive and must be repeated often, for it cannot be overcome by the addition of zinc to the soils. The soils in Utah seem to have ample zinc, but in areas where zinc deficiency occurs it apparently is in a form which is not available for plant growth. …

A Method Of Estimating Fishing Pressure And Harvest As Used On Logan River, Utah, Albert Frank Regenthal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Completely accurate statements of fishing pressure and harvest can only result from an ennumeration of all anglers and their catch. On most bodies of water it has not been economically feasible for management agencies to effect a complete census of fishermen and harvest. Practically, absolute accuracy is not necessary for management. The development of creel census methods resulting in estimates of known accuracy, yet requiring only a practical outlay of time and money, would be a step toward more effective management.

The Consumptive Use Of Water In Milford Valley, Utah, Terrel R. Tovey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Consumptive use, as used in this thesis, is defined as the sum of the volumes of water used by the vegetative growth of a given area in transpiration and building of plant tissue and that evaporated from adjacent soil, snow, or intercepted precipitation of the area in any specified time, divided by the given area. If the unit of time is small, the consumptive use is expressed in acre-inches per acre or depth in inches, whereas, if the unit of time is large, such as growing season or a 12-month period, the consumptive use is expressed as acre-feet per acre …