Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 3 of 3
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Dissecting Mammalian Replication-Independent Chromatin Assembly €“ Biochemical And Structural Studies On The H3.3-Specific Histone Chaperones Hira And Daxx, Simon Elsässer
Student Theses and Dissertations
Histones are architectural proteins that wrap approximately two turns of DNA around their octameric core structure, constituting the fundamental packaging unit of eukaryotic chromatin – the nucleosome. Beyond their structural role, they regulate virtually all processes that act on or depend on DNA, such as replication, gene expression and maintenance of centromeres and telomeres. Despite the high conservation of the four core histones, H3, H4, H2A and H2B, throughout all eukaryotes, histone variants have emerged with variable degree of divergence from their canonical counterparts. These variants are thought to expand the regulatory repertoire of chromatin. The histone replacement variant H3.3 …
Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporters Reveal Fatty-Acylation Of Histone H3 Variants And Cholesterol Modification Of Proteins And Trafficking In Cells, John P. Wilson
Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporters Reveal Fatty-Acylation Of Histone H3 Variants And Cholesterol Modification Of Proteins And Trafficking In Cells, John P. Wilson
Student Theses and Dissertations
Lipids are essential components to all known life. They serve many functions from basic building blocks to covalent protein modification and are particularly involved in signaling. Many rare and widespread human health concerns involve lipids but despite their importance, their analysis either free or protein-bound has remained difficult for decades. Here, using bioorthogonal chemistry, we have developed a robust system to identify the proteins modified by lipids and advanced the ability to image cholesterol in cells and tissues. The unbiased proteomic analysis of fatty-acylated proteins using chemical reporters undertaken here revealed a greater diversity of lipid-modified proteins in mammalian cells …
Genome-Wide Localization And Novel Deposition Pathways Of Histone Variant H3.3 In Embryonic Stem And Neuronal Precursor Cells, Aaron David Goldberg
Genome-Wide Localization And Novel Deposition Pathways Of Histone Variant H3.3 In Embryonic Stem And Neuronal Precursor Cells, Aaron David Goldberg
Student Theses and Dissertations
The eukaryotic genome is composed of chromatin, a complex polymer of genomic DNA, RNA, and closely associated proteins. Histone proteins form the core of the nucleosome, the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin. Variant histone proteins play critical roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and in the development of multicellular organisms. In this thesis, I describe the first genome-wide profiles of histone H3 variants in pluripotent mammalian embryonic stem (ES) cells, and I establish the dependence and independence of these patterns on the histone chaperone Hira. To distinguish H3 variants, I use designed zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) to rapidly …