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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Climate Impacts On Zooplankton Population Dynamics In Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Harold P. Batchelder, Kendra L. Daly, Cabell S. Davis, Rubao Ji, Mark D. Ohman, William T. Peterson, Jeffrey A. Runge
Climate Impacts On Zooplankton Population Dynamics In Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Harold P. Batchelder, Kendra L. Daly, Cabell S. Davis, Rubao Ji, Mark D. Ohman, William T. Peterson, Jeffrey A. Runge
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The 20-year US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) program examined zooplankton populations and their predators in four coastal marine ecosystems. Program scientists learned that environmental controls on zooplankton vital rates, especially the timing and magnitude of reproduction, growth, life-cycle progression, and mortality, determine species population dynamics, seasonal and spatial distributions, and abundances. Improved knowledge of spatial-temporal abundance and distribution of individual zooplankton taxa coupled with new information linking higher trophic level predators (salmon, cod, haddock, penguins, seals) to their prey yielded mechanistic descriptions of how climate variation impacts regionally important marine resources. Coupled ecological models driven by improved regional-scale climate …
Inter-Annual To Decadal Sea-Level Variability In The Coastal Zones Of The Norwegian And Siberian Seas: The Role Of Atmospheric Forcing, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Inter-Annual To Decadal Sea-Level Variability In The Coastal Zones Of The Norwegian And Siberian Seas: The Role Of Atmospheric Forcing, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers, M. N. Tsimplis
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Inter-annual to decadal sea-level variations from tide gauge records in the coastal zones of the Norwegian and Siberian Seas are examined for the period 1950–2010 using a combination of hydrographic observations, wind data, and theory. We identify two large areas of highly coherent sea-level variability: one that includes the Norwegian, Barents, and Kara Seas, and another one that includes the Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas. We provide evidence of a new contribution to the sea-level variability along the Norwegian coast associated with the poleward propagation of sea-level fluctuations along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic. When this …
Changes In Vegetative Coverage Of The Hongze Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve: A Decade-Long Assessment Using Modis Medium-Resolution Data, Kun Yu, Chuanmin Hu
Changes In Vegetative Coverage Of The Hongze Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve: A Decade-Long Assessment Using Modis Medium-Resolution Data, Kun Yu, Chuanmin Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Wetlands are important ecosystems on Earth. However, global wetland coverage is being reduced due to both anthropogenic and natural effects. Thus, assessment of temporal changes in vegetative coverage, as a measure of the wetland health, is critical to help implement effective management plans and provide inputs for climate-related research. In this work, 596 moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250-m resolution images of the Hongze Lake national wetland nature reserve from 2000 to 2009 were used to study the vegetative coverage (above the water surface) of the reserve. Three vegetation indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced VI (EVI), and floating algae …
Penetration Of Uv-Visible Solar Radiation In The Global Oceans: Insights From Ocean Color Remote Sensing, Zhongping Lee, Chuanmin Hu, Shaoling Shang, Keping Du, Marlon Lewis, Robert Arnone, Robert Brewin
Penetration Of Uv-Visible Solar Radiation In The Global Oceans: Insights From Ocean Color Remote Sensing, Zhongping Lee, Chuanmin Hu, Shaoling Shang, Keping Du, Marlon Lewis, Robert Arnone, Robert Brewin
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Penetration of solar radiation in the ocean is determined by the attenuation coefficient (Kd(λ)). Following radiative transfer theory, Kd is a function of angular distribution of incident light and water's absorption and backscattering coefficients. Because these optical products are now generated routinely from satellite measurements, it is logical to evolve the empirical Kd to a semianalytical Kd that is not only spectrally flexible, but also the sun-angle effect is accounted for explicitly. Here, the semianalytical model developed in Lee et al. (2005b) is revised to account for the shift of phase …
Satellite-Observed Black Water Events Off Southwest Florida: Implications For Coral Reef Health In The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Jun Zhao, Chuanmin Hu, Brian Lapointe, Nelson Melo, Elizabeth M. Johns, Ryan H. Smith
Satellite-Observed Black Water Events Off Southwest Florida: Implications For Coral Reef Health In The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Jun Zhao, Chuanmin Hu, Brian Lapointe, Nelson Melo, Elizabeth M. Johns, Ryan H. Smith
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A “black water” event, as observed from satellites, occurred off southwest Florida in 2012. Satellite observations suggested that the event started in early January and ended in mid-April 2012. The black water patch formed off central west Florida and advected southward towards Florida Bay and the Florida Keys with the shelf circulation, which was confirmed by satellite-tracked surface drifter trajectories. Compared with a previous black water event in 2002, the 2012 event was weaker in terms of spatial and temporal coverage. An in situ survey indicated that the 2012 black water patch contained toxic K. brevis and had relatively low …
Coastal Change From Hurricane Sandy And The 2012–13 Winter Storm Season: Fire Island, New York, Cheryl J. Hapke, Owen Brenner, Rachel Hehre, B. J. Reynolds
Coastal Change From Hurricane Sandy And The 2012–13 Winter Storm Season: Fire Island, New York, Cheryl J. Hapke, Owen Brenner, Rachel Hehre, B. J. Reynolds
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mounted a substantial effort in response to Hurricane Sandy including an assessment of the morphological impacts to the beach and dune system at Fire Island, New York. Field surveys of the beach and dunes collected just prior to and after landfall were used to quantify change in several focus areas. In order to quantify morphologic change along the length of the island, pre-storm (May 2012) and post-storm (November 2012) lidar and aerial photography were used to assess changes to the shoreline and beach, and to measure volumetric changes. The extent and thicknesses of overwash deposits …
Changing The Paradigm Of Response To Coastal Storms, Cheryl J. Hapke, Hilary F. Stockdon, William C. Schwab, Mary K. Foley
Changing The Paradigm Of Response To Coastal Storms, Cheryl J. Hapke, Hilary F. Stockdon, William C. Schwab, Mary K. Foley
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Federal, state, and local agencies mounted a massive preparation and response to post–tropical storm Sandy, which made landfall along the northern New Jersey coast on 29 October 2012. The data collected and knowledge gained in response to Sandy are unprecedented and provide critical information to agencies, local emergency responders, and coastal managers and planners.
Validation Of The Diurnal Cycles In Atmospheric Reanalyses Over Antarctic Sea Ice, Esa-Matti Tastula, Timo Vihma, Edgar L. Andreas, Boris Galperin
Validation Of The Diurnal Cycles In Atmospheric Reanalyses Over Antarctic Sea Ice, Esa-Matti Tastula, Timo Vihma, Edgar L. Andreas, Boris Galperin
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The diurnal cycles of near-surface meteorological parameters over Antarctic sea ice in six widely used atmospheric reanalyses are validated against observations from Ice Station Weddell. The station drifted from February through May 1992 and provided the most extensive set of meteorological observations ever collected in the Antarctic sea ice zone. For the radiative and turbulent surface fluxes, both the amplitude and shape of the diurnal cycles vary considerably among different reanalyses. Near-surface temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed in the reanalyses all feature small diurnal ranges, which, in most cases, fall within the uncertainties of the observed cycle. A skill …
Seabed Corrugations Beneath An Antarctic Ice Shelf Revealed By Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Survey: Origin And Implications For The History Of Pine Island Glacier, Alastair G. Graham, Pierre Dutrieux, David G. Vaughan, Frank O. Nitsche, Richard Gyllencreutz, Sarah L. Greenwood, Robert D. Larter, Adrian Jenkins
Seabed Corrugations Beneath An Antarctic Ice Shelf Revealed By Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Survey: Origin And Implications For The History Of Pine Island Glacier, Alastair G. Graham, Pierre Dutrieux, David G. Vaughan, Frank O. Nitsche, Richard Gyllencreutz, Sarah L. Greenwood, Robert D. Larter, Adrian Jenkins
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Ice shelves are critical features in the debate about West Antarctic ice sheet change and sea level rise, both because they limit ice discharge and because they are sensitive to change in the surrounding ocean. The Pine Island Glacier ice shelf has been thinning rapidly since at least the early 1990s, which has caused its trunk to accelerate and retreat. Although the ice shelf front has remained stable for the past six decades, past periods of ice shelf collapse have been inferred from relict seabed “corrugations” (corrugated ridges), preserved 340 km from the glacier in Pine Island Trough. Here …
Quantifying Recent Acceleration In Sea Level Unrelated To Internal Climate Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers
Quantifying Recent Acceleration In Sea Level Unrelated To Internal Climate Variability, F. M. Calafat, D. P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Sea level observations suggest that the rate of sea level rise has accelerated during the last 20 years. However, the presence of considerable decadal-scale variability, especially on a regional scale, makes it difficult to assess whether the observed changes are due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Here we use a regression model with atmospheric pressure, wind, and climate indices as independent variables to quantify the contribution of internal climate variability to the sea level at nine tide gauges from around the world for the period 1920–2011. Removing this contribution reveals a statistically significant acceleration (0.022 ± 0.015 mm/yr2 …
Distinct Lineage Of Vesiculovirus From Big Brown Bats, United States, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Cindy Driscoll, Maria Paz Carlos, Algernon Prioleau, Robert Schmieder, Bhakti Dwivedi, Jakk Wong, Yunhee Cha, Steven Head, Mya Breitbart, Eric Delwart
Distinct Lineage Of Vesiculovirus From Big Brown Bats, United States, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Cindy Driscoll, Maria Paz Carlos, Algernon Prioleau, Robert Schmieder, Bhakti Dwivedi, Jakk Wong, Yunhee Cha, Steven Head, Mya Breitbart, Eric Delwart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We identified a novel rhabdovirus, American bat vesiculovirus, from postmortem tissue samples from 120 rabies-negative big brown bats with a history of human contact. Five percent of the tested bats were infected with this virus. The extent of zoonotic exposure and possible health effects in humans from this virus are unknown.
Biogenic Nitrogen Gas Production At The Oxic-Anoxic Interface In The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Enrique Montes, M. A. Altabet, Frank E. Muller-Karger, M. I. Scranton, R. Thunell, C. Benitez-Nelson, Laura Lorenzoni, Y. M. Astor
Biogenic Nitrogen Gas Production At The Oxic-Anoxic Interface In The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Enrique Montes, M. A. Altabet, Frank E. Muller-Karger, M. I. Scranton, R. Thunell, C. Benitez-Nelson, Laura Lorenzoni, Y. M. Astor
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Excess nitrogen gas (N2xs) was measured in samples collected at six locations in the eastern and western sub-basins of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, in September 2008 (non-upwelling conditions) and March 2009 (upwelling conditions). During both sampling periods, N2xs concentrations were below detection in surface waters, increasing to ∼ 22 μmol N kg-1 at the oxic-anoxic interface ([O2] ∼ 4 μmol kg-1, ∼ 250 m). Below the oxic-anoxic interface (300-400 m), the average concentration of N2xs was 24.7 ± 1.9 μmol N kg-1 in September 2008 and 27.5 ± 2.0 μmol N kg-1 in March 2009, i.e., N2xs concentrations within this …
The Maredat Global Database Of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Marine Pigment Measurements, Frank E. Muller-Karger
The Maredat Global Database Of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Marine Pigment Measurements, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A global pigment database consisting of 35 634 pigment suites measured by high performance liquid chromatography was assembled in support of the MARine Ecosytem DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. These data originate from 136 field surveys within the global ocean, were solicited from investigators and databases, compiled, and then quality controlled. Nearly one quarter of the data originates from the Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), with an additional 17% and 19% stemming from the US JGOFS and LTER programs, respectively. The MAREDAT pigment database provides high quality measurements of the major taxonomic pigments including chlorophylls a and b, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin, divinyl …
Ocean Bottom Pressure Seasonal Cycles And Decadal Trends From Grace Release-05: Ocean Circulation Implications, Gregory C. Johnson, Don P. Chambers
Ocean Bottom Pressure Seasonal Cycles And Decadal Trends From Grace Release-05: Ocean Circulation Implications, Gregory C. Johnson, Don P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Ocean mass variations are important for diagnosing sea level budgets, the hydrological cycle, the global energy budget, and ocean circulation variability. Here seasonal cycles and decadal trends of ocean mass from January 2003 to December 2012, both global and regional, are analyzed using GRACE Release-05 data. The trend of global flux of mass into the ocean approaches 2 cm decade−1 in equivalent sea level rise. Regional trends are of similar magnitude, with the North Pacific, South Atlantic, and South Indian oceans generally gaining mass and other regions losing mass. These trends suggest a spin-down of the North Pacific western …
The Effect Of The Nao On Sea Level And On Mass Changes In The Mediterranean Sea, M. N. Tsimplis, F. M. Calafat, M. Marcos, G. Jordà, D. Gomis, L. Fenoglio-Marc, M. V. Struglia, S. A. Josey, D. P. Chambers
The Effect Of The Nao On Sea Level And On Mass Changes In The Mediterranean Sea, M. N. Tsimplis, F. M. Calafat, M. Marcos, G. Jordà, D. Gomis, L. Fenoglio-Marc, M. V. Struglia, S. A. Josey, D. P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Sea level in the Mediterranean Sea over the period 1993–2011 is studied on the basis of altimetry, temperature, and salinity data and gravity measurements from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) (2002–2010). An observed increase in sea level corresponds to a linear sea level trend of 3.0 ± 0.5 mm/yr dominated by the increase in the oceanic mass in the basin. The increase in sea level does not, however, take place linearly but over two 2–3 year periods, each contributing 2–3 cm of sea level. Variability in the basin sea level and its mass component is dominated by the …
Linking Ramped Pyrolysis Isotope Data To Oil Content Through Pah Analysis, Matthew A. Pendergraft, Zeynep Dincer, José L. Sericano, Terry L. Wade, Joanna Kolasinski, Brad E. Rosenheim
Linking Ramped Pyrolysis Isotope Data To Oil Content Through Pah Analysis, Matthew A. Pendergraft, Zeynep Dincer, José L. Sericano, Terry L. Wade, Joanna Kolasinski, Brad E. Rosenheim
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Ramped pyrolysis isotope (13C and 14C) analysis coupled with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analysis demonstrates the utility of ramped pyrolysis in screening for oil content in sediments. Here, sediments from Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA that were contaminated by oil from the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon spill display relationships between oil contamination, pyrolysis profiles, and isotopic composition. Sediment samples with low PAH concentrations are thermochemically stable until higher temperatures, while samples containing high concentrations of PAHs pyrolyze at low temperatures. High PAH samples are also depleted in radiocarbon (14C), especially in the fractions that pyrolyze at …
River Discharge Influences On Particulate Organic Carbon Age Structure In The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River System, Brad E. Rosenheim, Kimberly M. Roe, Brian J. Roberts, Alexander S. Kolker, Mead A. Allison, Karen H. Johannesson
River Discharge Influences On Particulate Organic Carbon Age Structure In The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River System, Brad E. Rosenheim, Kimberly M. Roe, Brian J. Roberts, Alexander S. Kolker, Mead A. Allison, Karen H. Johannesson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Applying ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon analysis to suspended river sediments, we generate radiocarbon (14C) age spectra for particulate organic carbon (POC) from the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system (MARS) to better understand a major river system's role in carbon transport. Ramped pyrolysis 14C analysis generates age distributions of bulk carbon based on thermochemical stability of different organic components. Our results indicate higher proportions of older material in the POC during higher discharge. Ages increase throughout the high-discharge age spectra, indicating that no single component of the POC is responsible for the overall age increases observed. Instead, older material …
The Real Limits To Marine Life: A Further Critique Of The Respiration Index, B. A. Seibel, J. J. Childress
The Real Limits To Marine Life: A Further Critique Of The Respiration Index, B. A. Seibel, J. J. Childress
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The recently proposed "Respiration Index" (RI = log PO2/PCO2) suggests that aerobic metabolism is limited by the ratio of reactants (oxygen) to products (carbon dioxide) according to the thermodynamics of cellular respiration. Here, we demonstrate further that, because of the large standard free energy change for organic carbon oxidation (ΔG° = −686 kcal mol−1), carbon dioxide can never reach concentrations that would limit the thermodynamics of this reaction. A PCO2 to PO2 ratio of 10503 would be required to reach equilibrium (equilibrium constant, Keq = 10503), where ΔG = 0. Thus, …
Long-Term Statistical Assessment Of Aqua-Modis Aerosol Optical Depth Over Coastal Regions: Bias Characteristics And Uncertainty Sources, Jacob C. Anderson, Jun Wang, Jing Zeng, Gregory Leptoukh, Maksym Petrenko, Charles Ichoku, Chuanmin Hu
Long-Term Statistical Assessment Of Aqua-Modis Aerosol Optical Depth Over Coastal Regions: Bias Characteristics And Uncertainty Sources, Jacob C. Anderson, Jun Wang, Jing Zeng, Gregory Leptoukh, Maksym Petrenko, Charles Ichoku, Chuanmin Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Coastal regions around the globe represent a major source for anthropogenic aerosols in the atmosphere, but the surface characteristics may not be optimal for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithms designed for aerosol retrievals over dark land or ocean surfaces. Using data collected from 62 coastal stations worldwide by the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) in 2002–2011, statistical assessments of uncertainties are conducted for coastal aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from MODIS measurements aboard the Aqua satellite (i.e., the Collection 5.1 MYD04 data product generated by the MODIS atmosphere group). It is found that coastal AODs (at 550 nm) characterised …
Satellite-Based Virtual Buoy System To Monitor Coastal Water Quality, Chuanmin Hu, Brian B. Barnes, Brock Murch, Paul R. Carlson
Satellite-Based Virtual Buoy System To Monitor Coastal Water Quality, Chuanmin Hu, Brian B. Barnes, Brock Murch, Paul R. Carlson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
There is a pressing need to assess coastal and estuarine water quality state and anomaly events to facilitate coastal management, but such a need is hindered by lack of resources to conduct frequent ship-based or buoy-based measurements. Here, we established a virtual buoy system (VBS) to facilitate satellite data visualization and interpretation of water quality assessment. The VBS is based on a virtual antenna system (VAS) that obtains low-level satellite data and generates higher-level data products using both National Aeronautics and Space Administration standard algorithms and regionally customized algorithms in near real time. The VB stations are predefined and carefully …
Physical–Chemical Characterization Of Purified Cresol Red For Spectrophotometric Ph Measurements In Seawater, Mark C. Patsavas, Robert H. Byrne, Xuewu Liu
Physical–Chemical Characterization Of Purified Cresol Red For Spectrophotometric Ph Measurements In Seawater, Mark C. Patsavas, Robert H. Byrne, Xuewu Liu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The use of impure cresol red in spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements can introduce systematic inaccuracies greater than 0.1. Cresol red has been purified on a bulk scale to address this problem, but a characterization of the dye's physical–chemical properties has not been provided to date. This work reports the physical–chemical characteristics of purified cresol red for use in spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements over a range of temperatures and salinities. Seawater pH is expressed on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale (pHT) in terms of the ratio (R) of cresol red absorbances (A) at 433 and 573 nm (RCR = 573A/433A): …
Generalized Additive Models Used To Predict Species Abundance In The Gulf Of Mexico: An Ecosystem Modeling Tool, Michael Drexler, Cameron H. Ainsworth
Generalized Additive Models Used To Predict Species Abundance In The Gulf Of Mexico: An Ecosystem Modeling Tool, Michael Drexler, Cameron H. Ainsworth
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Spatially explicit ecosystem models of all types require an initial allocation of biomass, often in areas where fisheries independent abundance estimates do not exist. A generalized additive modelling (GAM) approach is used to describe the abundance of 40 species groups (i.e. functional groups) across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) using a large fisheries independent data set (SEAMAP) and climate scale oceanographic conditions. Predictor variables included in the model are chlorophyll a, sediment type, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and depth. Despite the presence of a large number of zeros in the data, a single GAM using a negative binomial distribution was suitable …
Indirect Effects Of Conservation Policies On The Coupled Human-Natural Ecosystem Of The Upper Gulf Of California, Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Isaac C. Kaplan, Phillip S. Levin, Elizabeth A. Fulton
Indirect Effects Of Conservation Policies On The Coupled Human-Natural Ecosystem Of The Upper Gulf Of California, Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Isaac C. Kaplan, Phillip S. Levin, Elizabeth A. Fulton
Marine Science Faculty Publications
High bycatch of non-target species and species of conservation concern often drives the implementation of fisheries policies. However, species- or fishery-specific policies may lead to indirect consequences, positive or negative, for other species or fisheries. We use an Atlantis ecosystem model of the Northern Gulf of California to evaluate the effects of fisheries policies directed at reducing bycatch of vaquita (Phocoena sinus) on other species of conservation concern, priority target species, and metrics of ecosystem function and structure. Vaquita, a Critically Endangered porpoise endemic to the Upper Gulf of California, are frequently entangled by finfish gillnets and shrimp driftnets. We …