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2013

Utah State University

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Articles 1 - 30 of 179

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Influence Of Snowmobile Trails On Coyote Movements During Winter In High-Elevation Landscapes, Eric M. Gese, Jennifer L. Burghardt Dowd, Lise M. Aubry Dec 2013

The Influence Of Snowmobile Trails On Coyote Movements During Winter In High-Elevation Landscapes, Eric M. Gese, Jennifer L. Burghardt Dowd, Lise M. Aubry

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Competition between sympatric carnivores has long been of interest to ecologists. Increased understanding of these interactions can be useful for conservation planning. Increased snowmobile traffic on public lands and in habitats used by Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) remains controversial due to the concern of coyote (Canis latrans) use of snowmobile trails and potential competition with lynx. Determining the variables influencing coyote use of snowmobile trails has been a priority for managers attempting to conserve lynx and their critical habitat. During 2 winters in northwest Wyoming, we backtracked coyotes for 265 km to determine how varying snow characteristics influenced coyote movements; …

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Grand County Crop Production Costs And Returns, 2013, Michael Johnson, Kynda Curtis Dec 2013

Grand County Crop Production Costs And Returns, 2013, Michael Johnson, Kynda Curtis

All Current Publications

This fact sheet is intended to be a guide used to make production decisions, determine potential returns and prepare business and marketing plans.

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Prescribed Fire On Public Lands, Wesley G. Page, Michael R. Kuhns Dec 2013

Prescribed Fire On Public Lands, Wesley G. Page, Michael R. Kuhns

All Current Publications

This fact sheet helps readers understand prescribed fire planning and implementation on public lands.

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Permaculture, Roslynn Brain, Blake Thomas Dec 2013

Permaculture, Roslynn Brain, Blake Thomas

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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Are We Running Out Of Phosphorus?, Nayda Gonzalez, Rhonda Miller Dec 2013

Are We Running Out Of Phosphorus?, Nayda Gonzalez, Rhonda Miller

All Current Publications

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient. The world’s phosphorus supplies are limited. Do we have enough phosphorus to support our needs? This fact sheet addresses this question.

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Helping Children Understand And Manage Anger, Shannon Cromwell, Naomi Brower Dec 2013

Helping Children Understand And Manage Anger, Shannon Cromwell, Naomi Brower

All Current Publications

Anger is a strong emotion that often leads to negative coping strategies. Children's anger poses challenges for parents and other caregivers and accounts for stress and frustration. Engaging children in a variety of effective coping strategies can assist with their feelings of anger.

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How To Create A Wildlife-Friendly Yard, Michael R. Kuhns, Megan Dettenmaier Dec 2013

How To Create A Wildlife-Friendly Yard, Michael R. Kuhns, Megan Dettenmaier

All Current Publications

Habitat can be hard to come by for wildlife in urban areas. A wildlife-friendly yard provides food, water, cover, and a safe place to rear young.

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Ceratobasidium Root Rot: A New Disease Of Watermelon In Arizona, Claudia Nischwitz Nov 2013

Ceratobasidium Root Rot: A New Disease Of Watermelon In Arizona, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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Resilience To Stress And Disturbance, And Resistance To Bromus Tectorum L. Invasion In Cold Desert Shrublands Of Western North America, Jeanne C. Chambers, Bethany A. Bradley, Cynthia S. Brown, Carla D'Antonio, Matthew J. Germino, James B. Grace, Stuart P. Hardegree, Richard F. Miller, David A. Pyke Nov 2013

Resilience To Stress And Disturbance, And Resistance To Bromus Tectorum L. Invasion In Cold Desert Shrublands Of Western North America, Jeanne C. Chambers, Bethany A. Bradley, Cynthia S. Brown, Carla D'Antonio, Matthew J. Germino, James B. Grace, Stuart P. Hardegree, Richard F. Miller, David A. Pyke

Articles

Alien grass invasions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are resulting in grass–fire cycles and ecosystem-level transformations that severely diminish ecosystem services. Our capacity to address the rapid and complex changes occurring in these ecosystems can be enhanced by developing an understanding of the environmental factors and ecosystem attributes that determine resilience of native ecosystems to stress and disturbance, and resistance to invasion. Cold desert shrublands occur over strong environmental gradients and exhibit significant differences in resilience and resistance. They provide an excellent opportunity to increase our understanding of these concepts. Herein, we examine a series of linked questions about (a) …

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An Assessment Of Permanent And Nonpermanent Plots In Riparian Vegetation Monitoring, Karin M. Kettenring, Caroline M. Laine, Brett B. Roper Nov 2013

An Assessment Of Permanent And Nonpermanent Plots In Riparian Vegetation Monitoring, Karin M. Kettenring, Caroline M. Laine, Brett B. Roper

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The aim of this research was to determine whether permanent and nonpermanent plots for describing riparian plant communities would yield the same results. This research was conducted at 4 streams in central eastern Idaho. Permanent and nonpermanent greenline plots (first perennial vegetation adjacent to stream) were sampled repeatedly from June to October 2010, and we assessed differences between plot types by comparing species richness, wetland indicator rating, and percent cover of live vegetation, forbs, graminoids, litter/moss, and bare ground. We found few statistically significant differences between permanent and nonpermanent greenline plots. Because both types of plots yielded similar results, we …

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Botrytis Neck Rot Of Onion, Claudia Nischwitz Nov 2013

Botrytis Neck Rot Of Onion, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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Equine Viral Arteritis (Eva), Dirk K. Vanderwall, Kerry A. Rood, Bruce L. King Nov 2013

Equine Viral Arteritis (Eva), Dirk K. Vanderwall, Kerry A. Rood, Bruce L. King

All Current Publications

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a serious viral disease of horses that can affect the respiratory system and/or the reproductive system. Its importance to the U.S. equine industry was highlighted during a 2006 breeding industry outbreak that was associated with venereal spread of the virus in semen. This fact sheet provides background information of EVA, including prevention and control.

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Apple Maggot, Diane Alston, Marion Murray Nov 2013

Apple Maggot, Diane Alston, Marion Murray

All Current Publications

Apple maggot is not currently a pest of commercial orchards in Utah, but it is regulated as a quarantine insect in the state. If it becomes established in commercial fruit production areas, its presence can inflict substantial economic harm through loss of export markets. Infestations cause fruit damage, may increase insecticide use, and can result in subsequent disruption of integrated pest management programs.

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Shothole Borer, Ryan S. Davis, Michael Caron Nov 2013

Shothole Borer, Ryan S. Davis, Michael Caron

All Current Publications

Shothole borers (Fig. 1) are bark beetles that may attack stressed or injured trees. They have a wide host range, including all fruit trees grown in Utah, quince, loquat, serviceberry, wild cherry, chokecherry, mountain ash, hawthorn and elm. In Utah, apple, cherry, pear, and hawthorn are preferred hosts.

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Community-Level Response To Habitat Structure Manipulations: An Experimental Case Study In A Tropical Ecosystem, Emily A. Kalnicky, Karen H. Beard, Mark W. Brunson Nov 2013

Community-Level Response To Habitat Structure Manipulations: An Experimental Case Study In A Tropical Ecosystem, Emily A. Kalnicky, Karen H. Beard, Mark W. Brunson

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Across the globe, environmental change is resulting in novel ecosystems that have altered habitat structure and functioning. Research is needed to understand how changes in habitat structure in these new ecosystems impact community interactions, especially when these manipulations are being proposed to reduce invasive species. We conducted an experiment in Hawaii to determine how changes in habitat structure, represented by leaf litter and understory vegetation, affect the abundance of an invasive generalist predator, the coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) and its potential prey (invertebrates). This study consisted of four treatments: two vegetation treatments (50% and 100% removal of vegetation with diameter …

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Training Livestock To Avoid Specific Forage, Beth Burritt, Morgan Doran, Matt Stevenson Nov 2013

Training Livestock To Avoid Specific Forage, Beth Burritt, Morgan Doran, Matt Stevenson

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides the basics of aversion training for livestock.

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Population Fluctuations And Distribution Of Staging Eared Grebes (Podiceps Nigricollis) In North America, Anthony J. Roberts, Michael R. Conover, John Luft, John Neil Oct 2013

Population Fluctuations And Distribution Of Staging Eared Grebes (Podiceps Nigricollis) In North America, Anthony J. Roberts, Michael R. Conover, John Luft, John Neil

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis Brehm, 1831) use saline ecosystems throughout much of their life cycle, and greater than 90% of the North American population stage during fall at two hypersaline lakes. At one of these lakes, Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, a commercial harvest of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906) cysts occurs during fall and may impact Eared Grebe populations. We used photo surveys on the other hypersaline lake, Mono Lake, California, and on the GSL, as well as aerial counts on the GSL, to describe population fluctuations of Eared Grebes staging on these lakes. The long-term (1997–2012) Eared …

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Physiological Ecology And Functional Traits Of North American Native And Eurasian Introduced Phragmites Australis Lineages, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Jacques Brisson, Eric L. G. Hazelton Oct 2013

Physiological Ecology And Functional Traits Of North American Native And Eurasian Introduced Phragmites Australis Lineages, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Jacques Brisson, Eric L. G. Hazelton

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Physiological ecology and plant functional traits are often used to explain plant invasion. To gain a better understanding of how traits influence invasion, studies usually compare the invasive plant to a native congener, but there are few conspecific examples in the literature. In North America, the presence of native and introduced genetic lineages of the common reed, Phragmites australis, presents a unique example to evaluate how traits influence plant invasion.We reviewed the literature on functional traits of P. australis lineages in North America, specifically contrasting lineages present on the Atlantic Coast.We focused on differences in physiology between the lineage introduced …

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Streptomycin Resistance Of Erwinia Amylovora Isolated From Apple (Malus Domesticus) In Utah, Claudia Nischwitz Oct 2013

Streptomycin Resistance Of Erwinia Amylovora Isolated From Apple (Malus Domesticus) In Utah, Claudia Nischwitz

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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Diffuse Migratory Connectivity In Two Species Of Shrubland Birds: Evidence From Stable Isotopes, Steven T. Knick, Matthias Leu, John T. Rotenberry, Steven E. Hanser, Kurt A. Fesenmyer Oct 2013

Diffuse Migratory Connectivity In Two Species Of Shrubland Birds: Evidence From Stable Isotopes, Steven T. Knick, Matthias Leu, John T. Rotenberry, Steven E. Hanser, Kurt A. Fesenmyer

Articles

Connecting seasonal ranges of migratory birds is important for understanding the annual template of stressors that influence their populations. Brewer’s sparrows (Spizella breweri) and sagebrush sparrows (Artemisiospiza nevadensis) share similar sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats for breeding but have different population trends that might be related to winter location. To link breeding and winter ranges, we created isoscapes of deuterium [stable isotope ratio (δ) of deuterium; δ 2H] and nitrogen (δ 15N) for each species modeled from isotope ratios measured in feathers of 264 Brewer’s and 82 sagebrush sparrows and environmental …

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Tree Reduction And Debris From Mastication Of Utah Juniper Alter The Soil Climate In Sagebrush Steppe, Kert R. Young, Bruce A. Roundy, Dennis L. Eggett Oct 2013

Tree Reduction And Debris From Mastication Of Utah Juniper Alter The Soil Climate In Sagebrush Steppe, Kert R. Young, Bruce A. Roundy, Dennis L. Eggett

Articles

Juniper (Juniperus spp.) trees are masticated to reduce canopy fuel loads and the potential for crown fire. We determined the effects of tree reduction and soil cover in the forms of tree mounds and masticated debris on hourly soil water potential and soil temperature at 1–30 cm soil depth. Measurements were made in masticated and untreated areas at three sites in the western Utah portion of the Great Basin. Cumulative seasonal-response variables included wet days (>−1.5 MPa), degree days (>0 °C), and wet degree days (>−1.5 MPa and >0 °C). Masticated areas had 27 more wet …

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High-Throughput Rna Sequencing Of Pseudomonas-Infected Arabidopsis Reveals Hidden Transcriptome Complexity And Novel Splice Variants, Brian E. Howard, Qiwen Hu, Ahmet Can Babaoglu, Manan Chandra, Monica Borghi, Xiaoping Tan, Luyan He, Heike Winter-Sederoff, Walter Gassmann, Paola Veronese, Steffen Heber Oct 2013

High-Throughput Rna Sequencing Of Pseudomonas-Infected Arabidopsis Reveals Hidden Transcriptome Complexity And Novel Splice Variants, Brian E. Howard, Qiwen Hu, Ahmet Can Babaoglu, Manan Chandra, Monica Borghi, Xiaoping Tan, Luyan He, Heike Winter-Sederoff, Walter Gassmann, Paola Veronese, Steffen Heber

Biology Faculty Publications

We report the results of a genome-wide analysis of transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana after treatment with Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato. Our time course RNA-Seq experiment uses over 500 million read pairs to provide a detailed characterization of the response to infection in both susceptible and resistant hosts. The set of observed differentially expressed genes is consistent with previous studies, confirming and extending existing findings about genes likely to play an important role in the defense response to Pseudomonas syringae. The high coverage of the Arabidopsis transcriptome resulted in the discovery of a surprisingly large number of alternative splicing (AS) events …

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Management Of Young Calves For The Small Scale Hobbiest, Part 3: Calf Scours, Allen Young, Kerry A. Rood Oct 2013

Management Of Young Calves For The Small Scale Hobbiest, Part 3: Calf Scours, Allen Young, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information on dealing with calf scours for the small scale hobbiest, including treatment and prevention.

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Wildflowers & Other Herbaceous Plants Of Utah Rangelands, Mindy Pratt, Chad Reid, Roger Banner, James Bowns Oct 2013

Wildflowers & Other Herbaceous Plants Of Utah Rangelands, Mindy Pratt, Chad Reid, Roger Banner, James Bowns

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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Management Of Young Calves For The Small Scale Hobbiest, Part 2: Feeding, Allen Young, Kerry A. Rood Oct 2013

Management Of Young Calves For The Small Scale Hobbiest, Part 2: Feeding, Allen Young, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information for small scale hobbiests about feeding young calves, including liquid feeding, calf starter, and hay.

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High Altitude Recommendations For Electric Programmable Pressure Cookers, Debra Proctor, Ellen Serfustini, Susan Haws, Teresa Hunsaker, Karin E. Allen Oct 2013

High Altitude Recommendations For Electric Programmable Pressure Cookers, Debra Proctor, Ellen Serfustini, Susan Haws, Teresa Hunsaker, Karin E. Allen

All Current Publications

This fact sheet describes testing of four electric programmable pressure cookers at high altitudes.

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Management Of Young Calves For The Small Scale Hobbiest, Part 1: New Born Calf, Allen Young, Kerry A. Rood Oct 2013

Management Of Young Calves For The Small Scale Hobbiest, Part 1: New Born Calf, Allen Young, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides tips to small scale hobbiests about caring for a new born calf.

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Membrane Lipid-Modulated Mechanism Of Action And Non-Cytotoxicity Of Novel Fungicide Aminoglycoside Fg08, Sanjib Shrestha, Michelle Grilley, Marina Y. Fosso, Cheng-Wei Tom Chang, Jon Y. Takemoto Sep 2013

Membrane Lipid-Modulated Mechanism Of Action And Non-Cytotoxicity Of Novel Fungicide Aminoglycoside Fg08, Sanjib Shrestha, Michelle Grilley, Marina Y. Fosso, Cheng-Wei Tom Chang, Jon Y. Takemoto

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A novel aminoglycoside, FG08, that differs from kanamycin B only by a C8 alkyl chain at the 4″-O position, was previously reported. Unlike kanamycin B, FG08 shows broad-spectrum fungicidal but not anti-bacterial activities. To understand its specificity for fungi, the mechanism of action of FG08 was studied using intact cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and small unilamellar membrane vesicles. With exposure to FG08 (30 µg mL−1), 8-fold more cells were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate, cells had 4 to 6-fold higher K+ efflux rates, and 18-fold more cells were stained with SYTOX Green in comparison to exposure to kanamycin B …

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Pest Monitoring Calendar – Peach And Nectarine, Usu Extension Sep 2013

Pest Monitoring Calendar – Peach And Nectarine, Usu Extension

All Current Publications

Peach and Nectarine Pest Monitoring Calendar

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Dispersal Behavior Of A Polygynous Carnivore: Do Cougars Follow Source-Sink Prediction?, David C. Stoner, Michael L. Wolfe, Clint Mecham, Mclain B. Mecham, Susan L. Durham, David M. Choate Sep 2013

Dispersal Behavior Of A Polygynous Carnivore: Do Cougars Follow Source-Sink Prediction?, David C. Stoner, Michael L. Wolfe, Clint Mecham, Mclain B. Mecham, Susan L. Durham, David M. Choate

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

The source-sink model of population dynamics predicts that density drives emigration of subordinate animals to habitats offering lower competition for resources. Several authors have suggested use of this model as a potential framework for conservation of exploited carnivores when precise enumeration is unfeasible. Dispersal is a critical behavioural mechanism for management based on this model, yet there is a lack of knowledge on the habitat and social conditions that motivate carnivore emigration and settlement. The cougar Puma concolor is a widely distributed and heavily exploited carnivore, indigenous to the western hemisphere. We evaluated patterns in cougar dispersal behaviour from two …

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