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Articles 1 - 30 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Research Report No. 2, Tree Quality, J. David Lenhart, Ellis V. Hunt Jr.
Research Report No. 2, Tree Quality, J. David Lenhart, Ellis V. Hunt Jr.
Informal Project Reports
One of two planted loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) and over one of three (36%) planted slash pine trees (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) on non-old-fields in East Texas have a poor quality stem. For both species, o poor quality stem is three times more likely to occur on trees with crowns in the upper canopy then in the lower canopy.
Research Report No. 3, Estimating Site Index, Jock A. Blackard
Research Report No. 3, Estimating Site Index, Jock A. Blackard
Informal Project Reports
Equi'.'ltions to predi ct site index (base age 25 years) for lotilolly pine (P1:1Jt1s toeo'o L.) and slE1sh pine (Pim1s elliatiii Engelrn.) pl6ntotions on non-old-fields in Eest Texfls are presented. Productivity is estimated using plantation age and avernge height of Urn ten tallest trees in the plflntotion. 1
Research Report No. 4, Predicting Individual Tree Height, Jock A. Blackard
Research Report No. 4, Predicting Individual Tree Height, Jock A. Blackard
Informal Project Reports
Equations to estimate individual total tree height of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L. ) and slash pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm. ) trees Planted on non-old-fields in East Texas are presented.
Research Report No. 1, Fusiform Rust Occurrence, Ellis V. Hunt, J. David Lenhart
Research Report No. 1, Fusiform Rust Occurrence, Ellis V. Hunt, J. David Lenhart
Informal Project Reports
Fusiform rust ( Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection occurs on 57% of planted slash pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm. ) and on 11 % of planted loblolly pine ( Pinus laeda l.) trees on non-old-fields in East Texas. Future utilization of these planted pines may be affected by the rust infection rates.
A Guide To The Natural History Of The Cedarburg Bog: Part 1, James A. Reinartz
A Guide To The Natural History Of The Cedarburg Bog: Part 1, James A. Reinartz
Field Station Bulletins
The boardwalk that extends to the center of the Cedarburg Bog is the UWM Field Station's most heavily used teaching facility. Research is also conducted in the Bog, which holds an understandable fascination for researchers and students of natural history because of its size, complexity, diversity and geographical isolation from similar communities. Because of the increasing research and teaching use of the Bog, it has become essential that some of what is known about the natural history of the Bog be assembled and summarized in an easily accessible introduction and guide. The guide contains too much material to fit into …
A Management Plan For The Conifer Plantations At St. John's, Collegeville, Minnesota, Paul Schwietz Osb
A Management Plan For The Conifer Plantations At St. John's, Collegeville, Minnesota, Paul Schwietz Osb
Saint John’s Abbey Publications
This paper describes and analyzes the 120 acres of conifer plantations at St. John's Abbey, defines the objectives of management and proposes a 10 year plan for the maintenance and improvement of the plantations. This management plan emphasizes the non-profit corporation's sense of stewardship with multiple use goals. The protection of natural resources is assumed. Aesthetic and recreational values are high priorities, yet educational uses, wildlife protection and timber production are also important considerations. The plan also assumes that forest management at Saint John's will be self-sustaining. Thus the revenue derived from harvesting and thinning will be used to support …
Wood Of Giant Sequoia: Properties And Unique Characteristics, Douglas D. Piirto
Wood Of Giant Sequoia: Properties And Unique Characteristics, Douglas D. Piirto
Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences
Wood properties of giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea [Lindl.] Decne.) were compared with those for other coniferous tree species. Wood properties such as specific gravity, various mechanical properties, extractive content, and decay resistance of young-growth giant sequoia are comparable to or more favorable than those of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl.). It is recommended that giant sequoia be considered for planting stock in managed production forests to increase future supplies of wood having the characteristics so highly valued in coast redwood and other decay-resistant species
Natural Tree Reproduction In Urban Environments, John Boyd, Forest Stearns
Natural Tree Reproduction In Urban Environments, John Boyd, Forest Stearns
Field Station Bulletins
Three contrasting urban areas in Milwaukee County were sampled to determine the tree species reproducing and the habitats in which seedlings become established. Habitats most favorable for seedling establishment were shrub hedges and areas along fence lines or adjacent to buildings. Overall, elm and ash were the taxa most successful in establishing seedlings. In the Menomonee Valley, seedlings of boxelder and tree-of-heaven were most abundant with elm and ash close behind, while in Shorewood and Brown Deer, a great variety of seedlings was present. Elm, ash, boxelder, Norway maple, buckthorn, cherry and mountain ash were the most prevalent. Successful seedling …
Labrador Tea (Ledum Groelandicum) In The Cedarburg Bog, James A. Reinartz
Labrador Tea (Ledum Groelandicum) In The Cedarburg Bog, James A. Reinartz
Field Station Bulletins
The Labrador tea population in the Cedarburg Bog is a southern outlyer from its more northerly range and is disjunct by at least 40 miles from the nearest population. The discovery of Labrador tea in the Bog raises to 11 the number of vascular plants that reach their absolute southernmost Wisconsin boundaries in the Cedarburg Bog (5 dicots, 5 monocots, 1 gymnosperm). It raises the number of vascular plants at, or near, the southern edge of their range in the Cedarburg Bog to at least 35.
The Seedbank Of Woodlots In An Agricultural Matrix., Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Michael Kunowski
The Seedbank Of Woodlots In An Agricultural Matrix., Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Michael Kunowski
Field Station Bulletins
Soil samples from four woodlots representing different land-use history and canopy vegetation were sampled to determine the composition of the seedbank. Seeds of 73 taxa distributed among 35 families were represented. Comparisons among the seedbank of the four woodlots were made using Sorensen's Index of Similarity. Grazing affected the similarity between seedbanks more than did canopy composition. Twenty-seven percent of the aggregate seedbank was composed of weeds or widespread annuals suggesting an important contribution from the surrounding matrix. The Impact of the current disturbance regime on the future composition of vegetation is discussed.
Wintering Populations Of Juncos At The Uwm Field Station, Charles M. Weise
Wintering Populations Of Juncos At The Uwm Field Station, Charles M. Weise
Field Station Bulletins
Since 1966 the winter populations of Dark-eyed Juncos, Junco hyemalis at the UWM Field Station have been monitored by mark-recapture methods. Schnabel estimates with 95% confidence intervals are presented for each winter. The population has varied irregularly between 60 and 196. Comparisons of these estimates with Wisconsin Christmas Bird Counts of juncos reveals a positive correlation with the average number of juncos per Wisconsin Christmas Bird Count, indicating that the year-to-year fluctuations at the Field Station correspond to the general state-wide fluctuations. However, the Christmas counts show a rising trend over the past 19 years while the Field Station population …
Maximizing Expected Profits In Competitive Bidding, Steven H. Bullard
Maximizing Expected Profits In Competitive Bidding, Steven H. Bullard
Faculty Publications
Forest products firms often buy much of their raw material through competitive bidding. The bidding process is vital to such companies, yet models are often used which merely help predict winning bids. Managers should consider expected returns from potential timber buying contracts-the product of profit and the prob· ability of realizing that profit. A general approach is summarized for maximizing expected profit in competitive bidding. For timber buying, profits are net returns minus stumpage costs. The probability of obtaining the profit is the probability a given bid will be accepted, and can be represented by a probability density function. The …
Reforestation Timing Influences After-Tax Present Value Of Costs, Steven H. Bullard
Reforestation Timing Influences After-Tax Present Value Of Costs, Steven H. Bullard
Faculty Publications
Public Law 96-451 provides federal income tax incentives for reforestation. Taxpayers are allowed an investment tax credit in the year reforestation costs are incurred and deductions of one-fourteenth of reforestation costs on their first tax return, one-seventh on each of their next six tax returns, and one-fourteenth on their eighth tax return. The amount amortized is 95 percent of costs if a 10-percent tax credit is claimed or 100 percent of costs if an 8- percent credit is chosen. The credit and deductions can be applied for up to $10,000 of reforestation costs each year.
Long Term Response Of Loblolly Pine To Colloidal Phosphate, M. Victor Bilan, Marcey A. Gillespie
Long Term Response Of Loblolly Pine To Colloidal Phosphate, M. Victor Bilan, Marcey A. Gillespie
Faculty Publications
Three or six ounces of colloidal phosphate were applied either in planting hole or on soil surface while planting loblolly pine in East Texas. Combination of phosphate in the planting hole with NK on soil surface increased diameter growth for four years and the height growth for 18 years after planting.
Survival Of Pines On Droughty Soils: Two-Year Results, James Kroll, William C. Deauman, C. Darwin Foster, David Kulhavy, W. David Tracey
Survival Of Pines On Droughty Soils: Two-Year Results, James Kroll, William C. Deauman, C. Darwin Foster, David Kulhavy, W. David Tracey
Faculty Publications
Three species of pines (loblolly, slash and longleaf) were planted with four treatments (loblolly and slash = bareroot, clay dip slurry and TerrasorH ; longleaf = containerized) to test survival on droughty, typic quartzipsamments soils. At the end of the first season, survival~s significantly better for the containerized longleaf and Terrasoro treated loblolly pine (81 and 85%) followed by untreaRed loblolly pine (51%), clay-treated loblolly (50%), then Terrasorb treated slash (48%), untreated slash (41%) and clay-treated slash (36%). At the e~of the second growing season, longleaf had 56% survival, Terrasor~ treated loblolly (51%), clay-dip slurry loblolly (31.9%), Terrasoro treated slash …
Establishment Of Permanent Growth And Yield Plots In Loblolly And Slash Pine Plantations, J. David Lenhart, Ellis V. Hunt Jr., Jock A. Blackard
Establishment Of Permanent Growth And Yield Plots In Loblolly And Slash Pine Plantations, J. David Lenhart, Ellis V. Hunt Jr., Jock A. Blackard
Faculty Publications
Permanent plots have been established in 178 loblolly and 78 slash pine plantations throughout East Texas to study the development of stand structure over time. Analysis of the data will provide methods of estimating growth and yield, mortality, and site productivity to assist managers of these plantations.
Evaluating Landowner Assistance Programs And Other Wood Procurement Options, Gary D. Kronrad, C. Franklin, J.E. De Steiquer
Evaluating Landowner Assistance Programs And Other Wood Procurement Options, Gary D. Kronrad, C. Franklin, J.E. De Steiquer
Faculty Publications
A major activity of forest industry is supplying their mills with wood. There are four options for wood procurement: fee land, lease land, landowner assistance programs, and open market. The task of the corporate planner is to allocate the limited budget among these options in such a way that the needed volumes of wood are procured at the least cost. A methodology has been developed to aid in this capital budget in process and has been incorporated in an easy-to-use computer program.
Business Aspects Of The Mid-South Forest Economy, Steven H. Bullard, Thomas J. Straka
Business Aspects Of The Mid-South Forest Economy, Steven H. Bullard, Thomas J. Straka
Faculty Publications
Timber resources and related economic activity are substantial in the Mid-South states of Tennessee Alabama Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. Most of u; are awar~ that timber is an important aspect of our regional economy. We observe many stands of timber and often see it being harvested and transported to shipping points and manuf~cturing facilities. Many, however, do not fully appreoate the absolute size of the Mid-South's forest resources, nor their relative importance to states within the region. The Mid-South forest economy is described in two sections: (1) forest resources in general and (2) timber manufacturing or processing. Value added and …
Estimating Optimal Thinning And Rotation For Mixed-Species Timber Stands Using A Random Search Algorithm, Steven H. Bullard, Hanif D. Sherali, W. David Klemperer
Estimating Optimal Thinning And Rotation For Mixed-Species Timber Stands Using A Random Search Algorithm, Steven H. Bullard, Hanif D. Sherali, W. David Klemperer
Faculty Publications
The problem of optimal density over time for even-aged, mixed-species stands is formulated as a nonlinear-integer programming problem with numbers of trees cut by species and diameter class as decision variables. The model is formulated using a stand-table projection growth model to predict mixed-speciesg rowth and stand-structureO. ptimal thinning and final harvest age are estimated simultaneously using heuristic random search algorithms. For sample problemsw ith two speciesr, andom searchm ethodsp rovide near-optimalc uttings trategiesw ith very little computer time or memory. Optimal solutions are estimated for problems with eight initial species/diameter class groups, projected for up to three discrete growth …
Financial Maturity Of Timber And Maximum Net Present Values, Steven H. Bullard
Financial Maturity Of Timber And Maximum Net Present Values, Steven H. Bullard
Faculty Publications
Simple financial maturity guidelines recommend harvesting timber when its rate of value growth becomes less than or equal to the highest rate that can be earned in other investments of equal risk. Several authors have shown that fin ancial maturity guides are consistent with maximizing economic c riteria such as net present va lue , but their results are sometimes accepted by fore sters and land managers without being fully understood. In this article , financial maturity guides are derived in a way that is easily understood, simply by maximizing the present value of all future net income.
Primer On Forestry Investment, Thomas J. Straka, Steven H. Bullard, William F. Watson
Primer On Forestry Investment, Thomas J. Straka, Steven H. Bullard, William F. Watson
Faculty Publications
Most forest farmers know that growing timber is a good investment. Some forest farmers, however, and many new timberland investors may not fully understand the basic ingredients that make up a forestry investment. Like other ventures, forest farming involves costs and revenues, and rates of return can be calculated. These rates can be compared with interest rates for other investments, but forest farming is not exactly like your other investments. It has special qualities.
What Is Your “Effective” Rate Of Reforestation Cost?, Steven H. Bullard, Thomas J. Straka
What Is Your “Effective” Rate Of Reforestation Cost?, Steven H. Bullard, Thomas J. Straka
Faculty Publications
If you are considering a reforestation investment, you should be concerned with its effective cost; ,that is, the cost of reforestation after considering interest arid timing of the tax savings and cost-share payments. Effective regeneration costs depend on your interest rate, marginal tax rate, and whether or not you receive assistance from a state or federal cost-share program.
The Ecology Of Foraging Behavior: Implications For Animal Learning And Memory, Alan Kamil, Herbert L. Roitblat
The Ecology Of Foraging Behavior: Implications For Animal Learning And Memory, Alan Kamil, Herbert L. Roitblat
Avian Cognition Papers
In his recent Annual Review of Psychology article, Snowdon (1983) discussed the synthesis of ethology and comparative psychology. A similar synthesis of behavioral ecology and animal learning is beginning to take place. This article reviews developments in the behavioral ecology and ethology of foraging behavior relevant to psychological research on animal learning. The psychological literature shows that animals possess a wide range of learning abilities, including “simple” classical and operant conditioning; they acquire spatial, nonspatial, and temporal discriminations; they exhibit various forms of rule learning (e.g. matching-to-sample and learning set), and may even in certain senses learn language. Why does …
Acidification Sources In Red Alder And Douglas-Fir Soils -- Importance Of Nitrification, H. Van Miegroet, D. W. Cole
Acidification Sources In Red Alder And Douglas-Fir Soils -- Importance Of Nitrification, H. Van Miegroet, D. W. Cole
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Precipitation, throughfall, forest floor, and soil leachate samples were monitored continuously in 1981 and 1982 in a N-poor Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] forest and a red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) forest growing adjacently on a glacial soil in western Washington. The purpose of the study was to quantify the relative importance of atmospheric vs. natural sources of H+ input to forest soil acidification, and to determine the role of N transformation processes in the overall H+ balance of soils with different N status. Rainwater samples had an avg pH of 4.7 and annual H+ deposition via precipitation averaged 320 …
Coniferous Forest Habitat Types Of Central And Southern Utah, U.S. Forest Service
Coniferous Forest Habitat Types Of Central And Southern Utah, U.S. Forest Service
All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)
A habitat type classification for the coniferous forests of central and southern Utah includes the heirarchical taxonomic system of land classification that is based on potential natural vegetation of forest sites and uses data from more than 720 sample stands
Sexual Reproduction, Seeds, And Seedlings In Aspen: Ecology And Management In The Western United States, W.T. Mcdonough
Sexual Reproduction, Seeds, And Seedlings In Aspen: Ecology And Management In The Western United States, W.T. Mcdonough
Aspen Bibliography
Natural genetic interchange and extensive colonization of aspen by seed strongly depends upon favorable climatic and microclimate conditions and upon human intervention.
Fire In Aspen: Ecology And Management In The Western United States, John R. Jones, Norbert V. Debyle
Fire In Aspen: Ecology And Management In The Western United States, John R. Jones, Norbert V. Debyle
Aspen Bibliography
No abstract provided.
Management Overview, J.R. Jones, R.P. Winokur, W.D. Shepperd
Management Overview, J.R. Jones, R.P. Winokur, W.D. Shepperd
Aspen Bibliography
No abstract provided.
Water And Watershed In Aspen: Ecology And Management In The Western United States, Norbert V. Debyle
Water And Watershed In Aspen: Ecology And Management In The Western United States, Norbert V. Debyle
Aspen Bibliography
No abstract provided.
Volume Comparison Of Pine, Spruce, And Aspen Growing Side By Side, David H. Alban
Volume Comparison Of Pine, Spruce, And Aspen Growing Side By Side, David H. Alban
Aspen Bibliography
No abstract provided.