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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Communication In Ground Squirrels, Robert Ryshke
Communication In Ground Squirrels, Robert Ryshke
Field Station Bulletins
Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus) are among the more abundant and conspicuous Midwestern mammals, yet surprisingly little is known of their behavior under natural conditions, except for the study of McCarley (1966) which concentrated on population dynamics. The object of my study was to describe the general behavior of the ground squirrel, with particular emphasis on postures and vocalizations used in communication. Communication occurs whenever the behavioral activities of one animal affect the activities of another. Communication among members of a group is an essential part of social life, reducing aggression in animal groups as well as synchronizing reproductive activities.
Influence Of Forest Openings On Climate, Diane Ringger, Forest Stearns
Influence Of Forest Openings On Climate, Diane Ringger, Forest Stearns
Field Station Bulletins
Data presented in this paper were obtained during a five year study by the U.S. Forest Service (Ringger, 1972). This study, done in a hardwood stand in Forest County, Wisconsin sought to determine the effect of opening size upon temperature and moisture. Stations were chosen under a complete forest canopy and in openings ranging from single tree size to those large enough to behave as open fields. Hygrothermographs provided continuous records of temperature and humidity.
Productivity And Energy Storage, Nic Kobriger, Forest Stearns
Productivity And Energy Storage, Nic Kobriger, Forest Stearns
Field Station Bulletins
Net annual production of plant communities is traditionally determined by measuring or estimating dry matter accumulation at the end of the growing season. Published records list crop or forest yields, i.e. the bales of hay, tons of silage, bushels of grain or cords of wood harvested. The yield represents only a portion of the organic matter produced. Each year a tree forms leaves, twigs and bark which are not harvested, and each year an entire new corn plant-roots, stalks and leaves-must develop to produce the bushels of grain. Primary production is the entire amount of growth for the year. For …
A Botanical History Of Downer Woods, Peter J. Salamun
A Botanical History Of Downer Woods, Peter J. Salamun
Field Station Bulletins
The pattern of vegetation which occurs in Downer Woods, a wooded tract on The University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee campus and a landmark on Milwaukee's east side, is a reflection of the uses to which it has been subjected for a period of over two hundred years. Information to document this has been compiled by students in various field courses and by faculty members and individual students who carried out independent investigations in this woods. These persons checked land deed records, surveyors records, interviewed long-time residents who are familiar with the woods, counted tree rings and evaluated the present vegetation through a …
Phenology And Microclimate, Jeffrey M. Klopatek
Phenology And Microclimate, Jeffrey M. Klopatek
Field Station Bulletins
The Fairy Chasm Scientific Area encompasses twenty acres at the Lake Michigan end of a series of ravines that begin approximately 1 1/4 miles west of the shore of Lake Michigan in Ozaukee County. These ravines vary from sixty to one hundred feet in depth and have some slopes greater than 45°. The protection of the slopes, the cool air draining down them, and the cool winds coming off the lake, create a microclimate suitable for many northern species of plants. This study examined the effects of different microclimates on the phenology of several plant species. A second objective involved …
The Upland Hardwood Forest Of The Cedar-Sauk Field Station, James Dunnum
The Upland Hardwood Forest Of The Cedar-Sauk Field Station, James Dunnum
Field Station Bulletins
As forest communities develop, their composition is molded by many factors—climate, soil, available seed and subtle or catastrophic disturbance both natural and man-made. Given time, the pioneer species that colonize open ground are replaced by others more tolerant of shade and gradually a community develops composed of species suited to the soil and climate of the area and capable of reproduction within the forest environment. Such is the nature of the upland forest on the UWM Field Station. This study of forest composition and structure was designed to establish the nature of the Field Station stand relative to other forest …