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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Interplay Of Hydrogen Bonds And N→Π* Interactions In Proteins, Gail J. Bartlett, Robert W. Newberry, Brett Vanveller, Ronald T. Raines, Derek N. Woolfson
Interplay Of Hydrogen Bonds And N→Π* Interactions In Proteins, Gail J. Bartlett, Robert W. Newberry, Brett Vanveller, Ronald T. Raines, Derek N. Woolfson
Brett VanVeller
Protein structures are stabilized by multiple weak interactions, including the hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic effects, and van der Waals interactions. Among these interactions, the hydrogen bond is distinct in having its origins in electron delocalization. Recently, another type of electron delocalization, the n→π* interaction between carbonyl groups, has been shown to play a role in stabilizing protein structure. Here we examine the interplay between hydrogen bonding and n→π* interactions. To address this issue, we used data available from high-resolution protein crystal structures to interrogate asparagine side-chain oxygen atoms that are both acceptors of a hydrogen bond and donors of …
Detection Of Boronic Acids Through Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Fluorescence, Matthew R. Aronoff, Brett Vanveller, Ronald T. Raines
Detection Of Boronic Acids Through Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Fluorescence, Matthew R. Aronoff, Brett Vanveller, Ronald T. Raines
Brett VanVeller
Boronic acids are versatile reagents for the chemical synthesis of organic molecules. They and other boron-containing compounds can be detected readily by the interruption of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolone. This method is highly sensitive and selective, and useful for monitoring synthetic reactions and detecting boron-containing compounds on a solid support.
Fibers In The Extracellular Matrix Enable Long-Range Stress Transmission Between Cells, Xiaoyue Ma, Maureen Schickel, Mark Stevenson, Alisha Sarang-Sieminski, Keith Gooch, Samir Ghadiali, Richard Hart
Fibers In The Extracellular Matrix Enable Long-Range Stress Transmission Between Cells, Xiaoyue Ma, Maureen Schickel, Mark Stevenson, Alisha Sarang-Sieminski, Keith Gooch, Samir Ghadiali, Richard Hart
Alisha L. Sarang-Sieminski
Cells can sense, signal, and organize via mechanical forces. The ability of cells to mechanically sense and respond to the presence of other cells over relatively long distances (e.g., ∼100 μm, or ∼10 cell-diameters) across extracellular matrix (ECM) has been attributed to the strain-hardening behavior of the ECM. In this study, we explore an alternative hypothesis: the fibrous nature of the ECM makes long-range stress transmission possible and provides an important mechanism for long-range cell-cell mechanical signaling. To test this hypothesis, confocal reflectance microscopy was used to develop image-based finite-element models of stress transmission within fibroblast-seeded collagen gels. Models that …
Antifungal Activity Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Lab-C5 And Lab-G7 Isolated From Malaysian Fruits, Asma Saleh Elmabrok
Antifungal Activity Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Lab-C5 And Lab-G7 Isolated From Malaysian Fruits, Asma Saleh Elmabrok
Asma Saleh Elmabrok
Abstract Anthracnose disease for both seed and air borne and affects seed germination and plant vigor to a greater extent. Biological control by antagonistic microorganisms is widely recognized as a promising method for control plant diseases. This study reports the effectiveness of using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultures or their supernatant as a biological control against anthracnose disease in chilli caused by fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. From 30 lactic acid bacteria isolated from different sources, seven isolates showed good inhibition activity against C. gloeosporioides by dual overlay method and well method. These LAB have antifungal activity grew between 10 and 45oC, …
Antifungal Activity Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Lab-C5 And Lab-G7 Isolated From Malaysian Fruits, Asma Saleh Elmabrok, Khaled M.A Hussin
Antifungal Activity Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Lab-C5 And Lab-G7 Isolated From Malaysian Fruits, Asma Saleh Elmabrok, Khaled M.A Hussin
Khaled M.A Hussin
Abstract Anthracnose disease for both seed and air borne and affects seed germination and plant vigor to a greater extent. Biological control by antagonistic microorganisms is widely recognized as a promising method for control plant diseases. This study reports the effectiveness of using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultures or their supernatant as a biological control against anthracnose disease in chilli caused by fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. From 30 lactic acid bacteria isolated from different sources, seven isolates showed good inhibition activity against C. gloeosporioides by dual overlay method and well method. These LAB have antifungal activity grew between 10 and 45oC, …
A Divalent Protecting Group For Benzoxaboroles, Brett Vanveller, Matthew R. Aronoff, Ronald T. Raines
A Divalent Protecting Group For Benzoxaboroles, Brett Vanveller, Matthew R. Aronoff, Ronald T. Raines
Brett VanVeller
1-Dimethylamino-8-methylaminonaphthalene is put forth as a protecting group for benzoxaboroles. The ensuing complex is fluorescent, charge-neutral, highly stable under basic conditions, stable to anhydrous acid, and readily cleavable in aqueous acid to return the free benzoxaborole.
N→Π* Interactions Of Amides And Thioamides: Implications For Protein Stability, Robert W. Newberry, Brett Vanveller, Ilia A. Guzei, Ronald T. Raines
N→Π* Interactions Of Amides And Thioamides: Implications For Protein Stability, Robert W. Newberry, Brett Vanveller, Ilia A. Guzei, Ronald T. Raines
Brett VanVeller
Carbonyl–carbonyl interactions between adjacent backbone amides have been implicated in the conformational stability of proteins. By combining experimental and computational approaches, we show that relevant amidic carbonyl groups associate through an n→π* donor–acceptor interaction with an energy of at least 0.27 kcal/mol. The n→π* interaction between two thioamides is 3-fold stronger than between two oxoamides due to increased overlap and reduced energy difference between the donor and acceptor orbitals. This result suggests that backbone thioamide incorporation could stabilize protein structures. Finally, we demonstrate that intimate carbonyl interactions are described more completely as donor–acceptor orbital interactions rather than dipole–dipole interactions.
Adhesion Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum To Bovine Endothelial Cells Is Mediated By Outer Membrane Proteins, Amit Kumar
Adhesion Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum To Bovine Endothelial Cells Is Mediated By Outer Membrane Proteins, Amit Kumar
Amit Kumar, DVM, MS, PhD
Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative anaerobe, is frequently associated with suppurative and necrotic infections of animals and humans. The organism is a major bovine pathogen, and in cattle, the common fusobacterial infections are hepatic abscesses, foot rot, and necrotic laryngitis. The species comprises two subspecies: F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. Bacterial adhesion to the host cell surface is a critical initial step in the pathogenesis, and outer membrane proteins (OMP) play an important role in adhesion and establishment of certain Gram-negative bacterial infections. The means by which F. necrophorum attaches to epithelial or endothelial cells has not …
Production Of Nitrogen-Based Platform Chemical: Cyanophycin Biosynthesis Using Recombinant Escherichia Coli And Renewable Media Substitutes, Amit Kumar
Amit Kumar, DVM, MS, PhD
BACKGROUND:Cyanophycin (CGP) is a sustainable polymer that can be converted to a derivative with reduced arginine content, or to completely biodegradable poly-aspartic acid, which can substitute for non-biodegradable polyacrylates. In nature, it is produced by most cyanobacteria; however, these microbes are not suitable for large-scale production due to slow growth and low polymer content. RESULTS: Cyanophycin synthetase gene (cphA) from Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 was PCR amplified and cloned into Escherichiacoli.Differentrenewablemediacomponents,suchassoybeanmeal,potatowastesandcorn-derivedzein hydrolysate, were evaluated for their feasibility for CGP production at shake flask level. The optimized conditions were then tested in a 7 L bioreactor; a maximum cell weight of …
Characterization Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolated From Llama And Alpaca, Amit Kumar
Characterization Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolated From Llama And Alpaca, Amit Kumar
Amit Kumar, DVM, MS, PhD
Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium, is an opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes a variety of infections termed necrobacillosis. There are 2 subspecies of F. necrophorum (subsp. necrophorum and subsp. funduliforme) that differ morphologically and biochemically and in virulence. Leukotoxin, a secreted protein, is considered to be the major virulence factor. In camelids, F. necrophorum causes a variety of infections, generally involving the lips, tongue, pharynx, interdigital spaces, foot pad, larynx, mandible, or maxillary bones. The objective of the current study was to characterize the presumptive Fusobacterium isolates from a variety of necrotic infections in llama (Lama glama) …
Outer Membrane Proteins Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum, Amit Kumar
Outer Membrane Proteins Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum, Amit Kumar
Amit Kumar, DVM, MS, PhD
Fusobacterium necrophorum, classified into subsp. necrophorum (Fnn) and subsp. funduliforme (Fnf), is frequently associated with necrotic infections of animals and humans. The outer membrane proteins (OMP) of many Gram negative bacteria play an important role in bacterial adhesion and establishment of infection. The OMP profile of F. necrophorum has not been well characterized. We analyzed OMP of bovine strains of Fnn and Fnf and human strains of F. necrophorum. Electrophoretic separations of extracted OMP of Fnn and Fnf strains of cattle showed a total of 19 and 20 protein bands, respectively. The most prominent protein band was 40 kDa in …
Are We There Yet? A Legal Assessment And Review Of The Concept Of Sustainable Development Under International Law, Evgenia Pavlovskaia
Are We There Yet? A Legal Assessment And Review Of The Concept Of Sustainable Development Under International Law, Evgenia Pavlovskaia
Evgenia Pavlovskaia
Some of the most consistently utilized terms in international environmental law are “sustainable development” and “sustainability”. Sustainable development is mentioned in virtually every domestic, regional and international laws on environment, energy and natural resources. This has led to the contentions by some scholars that the concept of sustainable development has matured into customary international law, or at least has become a general principle of international environmental law. Many researchers, however, argue that the idea of sustainable development is vague, elusive and does not add much to the efficient implementation of international environmental law. This article aims to examine and discuss …