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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Dipole Source Encoding And Tracking By The Goldfish Auditory System, Sheryl L. Coombs, Richard R. Fay, Andreas Elepfandt
Dipole Source Encoding And Tracking By The Goldfish Auditory System, Sheryl L. Coombs, Richard R. Fay, Andreas Elepfandt
Sheryl L. Coombs
In goldfish and other otophysans, the Weberian ossicles mechanically link the saccule of the inner ear to the anterior swimbladder chamber (ASB). These structures are correlated with enhanced sound-pressure sensitivity and greater sensitivity at high frequencies (600-2000 Hz). However, surprisingly little is known about the potential impact of the ASB on other otolithic organs and about how auditory responses are modulated by discrete sources that change their location or orientation with respect to the ASB. In this study, saccular and lagenar nerve fiber responses and conditioned behaviors of goldfish were measured to a small, low-frequency (50 Hz) vibrating sphere (dipole) …
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics To Calculate The Stimulus To The Lateral Line Of A Fish In Still Water, Mark A. Rapo, Houshuo Jiang, Mark A. Grosenbaugh, Sheryl L. Coombs
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics To Calculate The Stimulus To The Lateral Line Of A Fish In Still Water, Mark A. Rapo, Houshuo Jiang, Mark A. Grosenbaugh, Sheryl L. Coombs
Sheryl L. Coombs
This paper presents the first computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of viscous flow due to a small sphere vibrating near a fish, a configuration that is frequently used for experiments on dipole source localization by the lateral line. Both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) meshes were constructed, reproducing a previously published account of a mottled sculpin approaching an artificial prey. Both the fish-body geometry and the sphere vibration were explicitly included in the simulations. For comparison purposes, calculations using potential flow theory (PFT) of a 3-D dipole without a fish body being present were also performed. Comparisons between the 2-D …
Biologically Inspired Design Of Hydrogel-Capped Hair Sensors For Enhanced Underwater Flow Detection, Michael E. Mcconney, Nannan Chen, David Lu, Huan A. Hu, Sheryl L. Coombs, Chang Liu, Vladimir V. Tsukruk
Biologically Inspired Design Of Hydrogel-Capped Hair Sensors For Enhanced Underwater Flow Detection, Michael E. Mcconney, Nannan Chen, David Lu, Huan A. Hu, Sheryl L. Coombs, Chang Liu, Vladimir V. Tsukruk
Sheryl L. Coombs
Using a precision drop-casting method, a bioinspired hydrogel-capped hair sensory system was created, which enhanced the performance of flow detection by about two orders of magnitude and endowed the sensors with threshold sensitivities that rival those of fish.
Biocidal Performance Of Acrylated Glyphosate In A Model Photopolymerizable Coating Formulation, Victoria Piunova, Daniel Berger, Douglas C. Neckers, George Bullerjahn, R. Michael Mckay, Andrei V. Federov
Biocidal Performance Of Acrylated Glyphosate In A Model Photopolymerizable Coating Formulation, Victoria Piunova, Daniel Berger, Douglas C. Neckers, George Bullerjahn, R. Michael Mckay, Andrei V. Federov
George Bullerjahn
Acrylated glyphosate was blended into a model polyolacrylate formulation and copolymerized. The resulting copolymer retains herbicidal activity similar to that of the monomer as indicated by the results of biological tests. No release of biocide from the coating was observed. The potential value of these biologically active acrylic formulations as biofouling compositions has been demonstrated by field trials.
Activity Patterns, Behavioural Repertoires, And Agonistic Interactions Of Crayfish: A Non-Manipulative Field Study, Karen M. Davis, Robert Huber
Activity Patterns, Behavioural Repertoires, And Agonistic Interactions Of Crayfish: A Non-Manipulative Field Study, Karen M. Davis, Robert Huber
Robert Huber
Agonistic behaviour of crayfish has been studied extensively in laboratory settings where pairs or groups of individuals are allowed to interact within an experimental arena. Crayfish agonistic behaviour within its natural context, however, has received little attention to date. The present, non-manipulative field study explored activity patterns, behavioural repertoires, and agonistic encounters of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) during the summer months using continuous, 24-hour, underwater video recording at a series of representative field sites. Following the filming, crayfish within the vicinity of the camera site were captured and measured. Individual densities were high, reaching a maximum of 68 individuals/m 2 …
Imaging Gene Expression In Live Transgenic Mice After Providing Luciferin In Drinking Water, Daniel J. Hiler, Megan L. Greenwald, Michael Eric Geusz
Imaging Gene Expression In Live Transgenic Mice After Providing Luciferin In Drinking Water, Daniel J. Hiler, Megan L. Greenwald, Michael Eric Geusz
Michael Eric Geusz
Mice expressing the firefly luciferase gene luc under the control of various gene promoters are used to image long-term changes in tumor growth, infection, development, and circadian rhythms. This novel approach enables ongoing regulation of gene expression to be visualized through repeated imaging of luciferase bioluminescence. Typically, luciferin, the luciferase substrate, is injected into mice before they are anaesthetized for imaging. To avoid the effects of handling and stress from injection on expression of the transgene, oral luciferin delivery methods were tested as an alternative to current methods. For unobscured imaging, a transgenic mouse line containing luc controlled by the …
Gender-Selective Patterns Of Aggressive Behavior In Drosophila Melanogaster, Steven P. Nilsen, Yick-Bun Chan, Robert Huber, Edward A. Kravitz
Gender-Selective Patterns Of Aggressive Behavior In Drosophila Melanogaster, Steven P. Nilsen, Yick-Bun Chan, Robert Huber, Edward A. Kravitz
Robert Huber
Complex behaviors, such as aggression, are comprised of distinct stereospecific behavioral patterns (modules). How such patterns get wired into nervous systems remains unknown. Recently, we reported on a quantitative analysis of fighting behavior in male flies of the common Canton-S strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we report a similar analysis of fighting behavior in females of the same species. Fights were carried out between pairs of virgin and pairs of mated females in competition for a yeast resource. Each fight was videotaped and analyzed by using transition matrices and Markov chain analyses. We observe only small difference in fighting intensity …
Temporal Dynamics And Communication Of Winner-Effects In The Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus, Daniel A. Bergman, Corinne P. Kozlowski, Jeremy C. Mcintyre, Robert Huber, Alisdair G. Daws, Paul A. Moore
Temporal Dynamics And Communication Of Winner-Effects In The Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus, Daniel A. Bergman, Corinne P. Kozlowski, Jeremy C. Mcintyre, Robert Huber, Alisdair G. Daws, Paul A. Moore
Robert Huber
A variety of factors influences the formation of hierarchical structures, and can include an altered aggressive state, an ability to physically dominate, and previous agonistic experience. Using male Orconectes rusticus, we tested the duration of the winner effect by varying the time between a winning encounter and a subsequent encounter by a 20, 40 or 60-minute interval. Varying the time between the two fights significantly altered the probabilities of initiating fight behaviour and of winning a fight. A crayfish with a 20-minute delay between its winning experience and its subsequent fight was significantly less likely to initiate fight behaviour and …
Fight Strategies Differ With Size And Allometric Growth Of Claws In Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus, Lisa Schroeder, Robert Huber
Fight Strategies Differ With Size And Allometric Growth Of Claws In Crayfish, Orconectes Rusticus, Lisa Schroeder, Robert Huber
Robert Huber
This study examines differences in fighting strategies between small and large male crayfish, Orconectes rusticus. Due to allometric growth of claws, fighting weapons are of disproportionate size in large crayfish compared to those in smaller individuals. Presumably, such differences in the prominence of claws are reflected in differences in the likelihood of injuries, and we thus explored fighting in size-matched pairs of small or large crayfish and assessed associated strategies in situations of conflict. Although fighting reached the highest intensities in a similar proportion of instances in small and large pairs, differences in fighting strategies were evident. Small crayfish escalated …
Increased Mutation In Crosses Between Geographically Separated Strains Of Drosophila-Melanogaster, James N. Thompson Jr., Ronny C. Woodruff
Increased Mutation In Crosses Between Geographically Separated Strains Of Drosophila-Melanogaster, James N. Thompson Jr., Ronny C. Woodruff
Ronny C. Woodruff
No abstract provided.