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Enriched Rice Husk Biochar Minimizes Ammonia Loss From Applied Urea Fertilizer Under Waterlogged Environment [Research Note], Gunavathy Selvarajh, Huck Ywich Ch'ng, Norhafizah Md Zain, Issariyaporn Damrongrak

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

A laboratory-scale closed dynamic air flow system was carried out to assess the effect of enriched rice husk biochar on ammonia volatilization, soil exchangeable ammonium, and available nitrate from the applied urea in comparison to urea alone under waterlogged conditions. Treatments with enriched rice husk biochar (5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha^-1) significantly minimized ammonia volatilization, however, only biochar with rates of 5, 10, and 15 t ha^-1 had significantly retained more soil exchangeable ammonium by 14% – 43%. Additionally, soil available nitrate was lower in all treatments except in T1 (urea alone). This indicates that …

Effect Of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles On Complex Formation Of -2nitroso-1-Naphthol With Iron (Ii) Ion In Aqueous Urea Solutions, هشام عليا

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles on the observed rate constant (kobs) for complex formation of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol (NAPH ) with iron (II) ion (Fe2+) in the presence of 0.02 M NaOH at 25oC was studied at different urea concentrations. Typical saturation behavior was observed at [NAPH] ≥ 0.001 M and [Fe2+] ≥ 0.015 M, which allows the electron transfer rate constant (ket m ) between NAPH and Fe2+ in the micellar pseudophase to be evaluated. The increase in urea concentrat tion from 0.0 to 4.0 M has three effects. It increases ket m from 0.072 to 0.239 s-1, …

Effect Of Urea And Oregano Oil Supplementation On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Lamb Fed Diets Containing Different Amounts Of Energy And Protein, Önder Canbolat, Ali̇ Karabulut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The experiment was carried out using a 4 × 4 factorial design. There were 16 experimental groups. Each group consisted of 3 lambs. The experiment lasted 56 days. During the experiment, the oregano oil (0 and 5 g/kg DM) and urea (0, 6, 12, and 18 g/head per day) were given to lambs consuming low energy/low protein diets (2350 Kcal/kg DM/ 10.80% CP/DM, respectively) and normal energy/normal protein (2600 Kcal/kg DM, 14.97% CP/DM, respectively) diets. Daily body weight gain of lambs consuming normal energy/normal protein diets and supplemented with 6, 12 and 18 g/head per day urea were significantly (P …

Effect Of Energy Deficiency During Late Pregnancy In Chios Ewes On Free Fatty Acids, \Beta-Hydroxybutyrate And Urea Metabolites, Mehmet Hani̇fi̇ Durak, Ayşen Altiner

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Pregnant Chios ewes with high twin-lambing rates fed a low energy ration during the final periods of pregnancy were studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy toxemia occurred in these ewes by monitoring the changes in the concentrations of serum free fatty acids (FFAs), plasma \beta -hydroxybutyrate (\beta -HB) and urea. Thirty-eight Chios ewes were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: pregnant normal energy (PNE), pregnant low energy (PLE), and non-pregnant normal energy (N-PNE). On day 105 of gestation, the animals were begun to be fed with the treatment rations. The feeding regime was …

Effects Of Defaunation And Urea On Glutathione And Malondialdehyde Levels In Blood And Ruminal Fluid Of Ramlıç Lambs, Yilmaz Dündar, Recep Aslan, Abdullah Eryavuz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate ruminal fluid and whole blood oxidant-antioxidant status in normal and fauna-free small ruminants. Forty male Ramlıç lambs, a local breed in the Afyon area, with an average body weight of 32-36 kg and approximately 210 days old were used. The lambs were divided equally into 4 groups (faunated (F), defaunated (D), faunated + urea (FU) and defaunated + urea (DU)). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in the ruminal fluid and blood were measured. In comparison with the controls, all parameters were significantly higher in the fauna-free animals. The ruminal fluid MDA …

The Effects Of Various Supplements On In Situ Dry Matter Degradability Characteristics Of Maize Silage, Aydan Yilmaz, Ülkü Gürsoy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various supplements on the in situ dry matter degradability (DMD) characteristics of maize silages. The proportion of the supplements was 1% urea, 2% molasses and 5% cracked barley. In all silages 2% salt was used as the protector. Moreover, one of the silage groups was prepared without salt to examine its impact on DMD. The ingredients of the silages prepared in this study were 1) maize silage (S1), 2) maize silage + salt (S2), 3) maize silage + cracked barley + salt (S3), 4) maize silage + urea + …

The Effect Of Urea And Molasses Addition Into Corn Harvested At The Milk Stage On Silage Quality And Digestible Nutrient Yield, Hüseyi̇n Nursoy, Suphi̇ Deni̇z, Murat Demi̇rel, Ni̇hat Denek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of urea or urea plus molasses addition into corn harvested at the milk stage on the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of silage. To achieve this objective, four different corn varieties (Rx-947, 33-94, Frassino and Arifiye) harvested at the milk stage were utilized. Silage samples were added 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses and ensiled in mini-silos (1 L in volume). Silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, pH and organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acids). In vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility …

Effect Of Low Birthweight On Serum Thyroid Hormones, Glucose, Urea And Blood Ph In Newborn Lambs, Tufan Keçeci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, serum thyroid hormone, glucose and urea levels as well as blood pH values were compared between six control (birthweight ? 2.5 kg) and seven experimental Merino lambs (birthweight < 2.5 kg, hypotrophic) at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h postpartum. Serum levels of total thyroxin (T_4), free thyroxin (FT_4), total triiodothyronine (T_3; with exception of 24 h postpartum), free triiodothyronine (FT_3; with the exception of 4, 8 and 24 h postpartum) and glucose were lower in hypotrophic lambs compared to the controls. However, the serum urea levels of hypotrophic animals were higher than those of the controls. On the other hand, serum T_3, FT_3 and FT_4 levels determined at 4 and 8 h were higher than those at 2 and 24 h postpartum in both groups. A similar case was also observed in the serum T_4 levels of hypotrophic lambs. In addition, the serum glucose levels of hypotrophic lambs were higher and the blood pH values of both groups were lower at 2 h postpartum. In conclusion, It was observed that low birthweight affected neonatal thyroid function, serum glucose and urea levels in lambs.

The Chronic Effects Of Teucrium Polium On Some Blood Parameters And Histopathology Of Liver And Kidney In The Rat, Khaled Khleifat, Jumah Shakhanbeh, Khaled A. Tarawneh

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of chronic treatment with small sublethal doses (20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) of Teucrium polium ethanolic extract were investigated on the hematological and biochemical composition of the blood, histopathology of the liver and kidney, and fertility in the rat. Hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood, as well as sperm count, morphology and motility were normal after 6 weeks of herbal treatment. However, blood urea (P < 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.005) were significantly increased, with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation of the liver and kidney cells after chronic treatment with 50 mg/kg of the plant. These results demonstrate some histopathological effects of T. polium on the liver and kidney under long-term administration conditions.

The Effects Of Corn Harvested At Different Stages Of Maturity And Supplemented With Urea On Silage Quality And Nutrient Digestibility In Lambs, İ. Hali̇l Çerçi̇, Pinar Tatli, Fuat Gürdoğan, Nurgül Bi̇rben

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the silage qualities of corn supplemented with urea and harvested at the boot and milk stages and the effect on food intake and nutrient digestibility of these silages in lambs. Corn harvested at the boot and milk stages was supplemented with 0.5% urea and was ensiled. This study involved 4 silage groups. group I consisted of silage from corn harvested at the boot stage; group II consisted of silage from corn harvested at the milk stage; group III consisted of silage from corn supplemented with urea and harvested at the boot stage; group IV …

The Nitrate And Nitrite Levels Of The Tubers Of Potato Plant Fertilized With Different Doses, Abdurrahman Aksoy, Burhan Arslan, İdri̇s Türel, Özbay Dede

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research, ,This study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen forms (ammonyum nitrate, ammonyum sulphate and urea) and nitrogen doses (0. 7, 14, 21 and 28 g/m^2) on nitrate and nitrite levels in potato cultivars (Caspar and Kondor). It was found that the levels of nitrate and nitrite obtained from the experiment did not exceed the accepted tolerance limits of 300 mg/g. However, differences among cultivars and nitrogen doses were found to be significant (p

Erythrocyte, Saliva And Serum Arginase Activity With Serum Urea And Estrogen Levels Inakkaraman And Ivesi Sheep In Pregnancy And Postpartum, Sema Temi̇zer Ozan, Sema Yaralioğlu Gürgöze, Tülay İleri̇ Büyükoğlu, İhsan Hali̇feoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Arginase (L-arginine amidino hydrolase E.C. 3.5.3.1) is an enzyme catalyzing the last stage of the Krebs-Henseleit cycle and, thus, converting arginine into urea and ornithine. Arginase also plays a part in protein and polyamine synthesis and is affected by hormones in terms of metabolic status. In the present study, erythrocyte, saliva, and serum arginase activity together with serum urea and estrogen levels were examined in Akkaraman and Ivesi sheep in pregnancy and postpartum. Comparisons were then made between the species. In pregnancy the urea level in saliva increased. However, the urea level in serum decreased. No clear difference was observed …

Effect Of Urea On The Conformation And Chain Flexibility Of Chitosan Molecules With Various Degree Of Deacetylation, Rong Huei Chen, Jeun Hwang Lin, Toshiro Tsaih

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Chitosans with various degrees of deacetylation (DD) were prepared from red shrimp (Solenocera prominentis). DD of chitosan was determined by infrared spectrum. The effect of urea on the conformation and chain flexibility of chitosan molecules with various DD was studied. The results show: 1) The intrinsic viscosities of chitosan solutions containing 4 M urea were higher than those without urea addition. It indicated the chitosan molecules in solutions containing urea have higher hydrodynamic volume than that without urea. It may due to urea increasing the intramolecular hydrogen bond formation. 2) The persistence lengths of chitosan molecules were longer in solutions …

Feeding Urea To Cattle, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

RUMINANTS normally obtain the protein they require by digestion of the organisms that inhabit the forestomach (rumen), not by direct digestion of the dietary protein they chew up and swallow.

The organisms break down the dietary protein and then rebuild proteins in the form of more organisms.

Urea Drilled With Seed Affects Germination And Yield, M G. Mason, A. Loutit, J. A. C. Smith, D. Highman, P. Stallwood

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Trials in 1968 at Burracoppin and York again showed it is safer to topdress urea just before seeding than to drill a mixture of seed and urea.

At all but the lowest urea rates, urea drilled with the seed reduced the number of plants emerging and surviving, and reduced final wheat yields.

Urea Or Grain Supplements For Stubble?, H E. Fels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Three methods of supplementing sheep grazing stubble were compared at Merredin Research Station in 1970. The stubble used in the experiment was left after harvesting a nine-bushel crop of Gamenya wheat which was a weed-free second crop on new land. The land had never been sown to legumes.

Sheep : Experimental Basis For Urea Feeding Recommendations, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Recent scientific reviews have concluded that in spite of the great number of experimental observations recorded throughout the world there is no evidence yet to prove that urea can be used profitably for sheep on low quality roughages in genuine grazing conditions.

An experiment is in progress at Merredin Research Station this season, especially designed to demonstrate a response to urea by sheep grazing wheat stubbles, if such a response is possible.

Urea Block Supplements For Stubble, H E. Fels, R. J. Parkin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THERE was a great deal of controversy throughout the summer of Western Australia's 1969-70 drought over the feeding of supplements other than grain to grazing sheep.

This report summarises some of the experiments carried out by this Department to investigate various artificial means of supplementing sheep grazing stubbles and dry summer pastures.

Further details of the experiments can be obtained by contacting the authors.

The results failed to demonstrate economic responses to urea supplements for grazing sheep.

Urea Mixture Formulations, H E. Fels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This experiment was done once the experiment above (Urea or Grain Supplements for Stubble) had shown definite but uneconomic responses to a particular mixture of urea, molasses and minerals. The aim was to find whether the response depended on the content of various portions of the mixture, and whether the response to the "shotgun" lick could be explained by the presence of salt, sulphate or cobalt.

Experiments With Urea On Private Farms, R J. Parkin, G. Palmer, A. Haagensen, L. D. White, R. J. Suiter, H. E. Fels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Many District Advisers have carried out trials on private farms to test the response to a variety of types of supplementary feeds. This report gives brief details of five such experiments carried out with urea supplements over the last five years. Table 1 summarises the details and results of these trials.

A Comparison Of Methods Of Urea Application At Ajana, M G. Mason, R. J. Parkin, H. Patrick

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Compared with urea application separate from the seed, urea mixed with wheat seed delayed and reduced wheat germination, and reduced wheat yields, especially at high rates of urea.

Yields were higher where the urea was topdressed immediately before seeding than where it was top-dressed either immediately after, or two weeks after seeding.

Trials With Urea And Anhydrous Ammonia For Wheat Growing, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE recent subsidy on nitrogenous fertilisers has greatly reduced their price to farmers. This, and farmers' increasing awareness of the benefits of application of nitrogen to cereals, has led to a substantial increase in the use of these fertilisers.

Feeding Urea To Dairy Cows, R A. Bettenay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

IT has been known for some years that the ruminant animal, through the agency of microflora in the rumen, has the ability to use urea as a source of nitrogen, and to convert some of this to protein.

Urea For Sheep And Cattle On Dry Feed, Laurence C. Snook

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Urea can be a valuable supplement for ruminants which have to depend on dry feed low in protein.

It is not a substitute for good quality conserved fodder.

Urea is extremely poisonous if eaten in excess and great care must be taken when feeding it to stock.

There are a variety of ways in which urea can be fed and these are outlined in this article.

The Department of Agriculture's Animal Nutrition Laboratory is now carrying out trials to determine the most convenient and safest method.

Urea is most effective as a fertiliser; when used in this way it results …