Life Sciences Commons^™

Phosphorus Sorption By Gyttja And Its Effect On The Ph Value And Phosphorus In Acidic Soils, Kadir Saltali, Ahmet Nedi̇rli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Tea and hazelnut cultivated soils are mainly distributed in Black Sea region of Turkey. Low pH value is a primary problem for those soils; therefore, farmers apply lime once every 3-4 years to raise the pH value of soil. Gyttja is highly rich in organic matter (40.59%) and lime (45.67%), and it is a low cost and considerably abundant in Afşin-Elbistan Coal Basin (estimated reserve is around 4.8 billion tons). The aim of this study was to determine the phosphorus (P) sorption characteristics of gyttja, and its efficiency on P availability and soil's pH value. Optimum P sorption conditions (pH, …

Evaluation Of Soil Parameters After Long-Term Subsurface Drip Irrigation Under Minimum Tillage System, E. B. Rutter, D. A. Ruiz Diaz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate soil parameters after the long-term use of sub-surface drip irrigation under no-till, with the use of high pH irrigation water. Results from this study showed that stratification of soil pH and soil test phosphorus (P) was more prominent when compared to other soil parameters. However, the stratification of pH and soil test P is likely the combined effect of surface fertilizer application and sub-surface irrigation water. The stratification of other parameters, such as soil calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) and electrical conductivity (EC), was less clear. Soil test potassium (K) showed some …

Impact Of Ph On The Activity Of Co-Used Antimicrobials Against Resistant Escherichia Colistrains Of Animal Origin, Murat Cengi̇z, Gülçe Hepbostanci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, combination antimicrobial therapy, due to its higher potential against resistant bacteria, was evaluated for the inhibition of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains. The influence of pH as an environmental variable on the activity of antimicrobial combinations was evaluated by calculating the factional concentration indexes at pH values 5.0, 6.0, 7.3, and 8.0. The highest synergistic activity rates of ceftriaxone + colistin, danofloxacin + colistin, danofloxacin + ceftiofur, and ceftiofur + gentamicin combinations were 50%, 33%, 100%, and 50%, respectively measured at ≥7.3 pH. The lowest synergistic activity rates for all combinations were observed at the acidic pH values …

Beef Longissimus Lumborum Steak Ph Affects External Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment, F. Najar-Villarreal, E. A. Boyle, T. A. Houser, C. I. Vahl, J. Wolf, J. M. Gonzalez, T. G. O'Quinn, J. Kastner, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:To use external bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess postmortem chemical changes in normal- and high-pH beef longissimus lumborum steaks during simulated retail display.

Study Description:Beef strip loins (n = 20; postmortem age = 14 d) obtained from a commercial processor were sorted into two treatments, normal-pH (5.61–5.64; n = 11) and high-pH (6.2–7.0; n = 9). Loins were fabricated into five 1-inch thick steaks (n = 100), and randomly assigned to one of five display days: 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. External bioelectrical impedance values, oxygen consumption, metmyoglobin reducing ability, protein degradation, water holding capacity, …

Increasing The Solubility Of Levodopa And Carbidopa Using Ionization Approach, Kitisak Krisai, Dusadee Charnvanich, Wanchai Chongcharoen

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of this study is to increase the solubility of levodopa (LD) and carbidopa (CD) to improve loading quantity of both drugs for oral pullulan thin film preparation. Solubilization technique through ionization was employed to measure the solubility .

Effects Of Reduced Ph On Health Biomarkers Of The Seagrass Cymodocea Nodosa, Regan A. Mcenaney

DePaul Discoveries

Ocean acidification is a growing problem that may affect many marine organisms in the future. Within 100 years the pH of the ocean is predicted to decrease to 7.8, from the current ocean pH of around 8.1. Using phenolic acid levels as a stress indicator as well as respiration and chlorophyll content as a measure of health, the effect of lowering pH was tested on the seagrass, Cymodocea nodosa, in a controlled environment. Plant samples, water, and soil were taken from the Bay of Cádiz, Spain, and placed in aquaria in a temperature-controlled room. One control group was left …

Correlation Of Sikora And Smith-Mclean- Pratt Soil Buffer Ph Measurements, B. Rutter, D. A. Ruiz Diaz, J. Thomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Historically, the K-State Research and Extension Soil Testing Laboratory has used the Smith-McLean-Pratt (SMP) buffer solution to estimate total soil acidity and estimate lime recommendations. The SMP solution contains hazardous chemicals and poses a health risk to lab workers. The Sikora buffer solution was designed as a replacement for SMP and contains no hazardous chemicals. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between these two buffers in Kansas soils. A strong positive correlation was observed between SMP and Sikora buffer pH measurements. However, linear regression suggests that the relationship is not 1:1 (slope = 0.88). Therefore recommendation equations using …

Determination Of Soil Nutrient Status In Vuralia Turcica Populations Growing At Different Locations In The Central Anatolia Region Of Turkey, Di̇lek Tekdal, Burçi̇n Çingay, Mehmet Seli̇m Çeti̇ner

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study is an overview of the importance of soil nutrients for the maintenance of Vuralia turcica, which is an endemic in Turkey due to its natural habitats. Electrical conductivity, pH, and mineral element content (macroelements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and microelements: boron, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc) were analyzed in 21 soil samples taken at 30?60 m depth at 21 points from 8 different locations where V. turcica was growing to determine nutrient content, which is important for soil fertility and controls the crop yield. According to pH analysis, all samples were strongly …

Enumeration And Identification Of Selected Bacteria In Water Samples From The Alapahoochee River System, Jenifer Turco Ph.D., James A. Nienow

Georgia Journal of Science

Escherichia coli and enterococci were enumerated in water collected biweekly for one year at ten stations in the Alapahoochee River system. The concentrations of E.coli were usually below a standard of 576 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 ml, except after heavy rain. At five stations the concentrations of enterococci were gener­ally above a standard of 151 cfu/100 ml. Concentrations of both groups showed a direct but weak correlation with pH. For quality control, 772 colonies typical of E. coli and 773 colonies typical of enterococcus were tested by the appropriate verification procedures. Sixty-six (8.5%) of the former, and 57 …

Long-Term Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Soil Surface Chemistry, A. Obour, J. D. Holman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Long-term crop management practices can affect nutrient cycling and availability to crops. This study examined the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application (N rates of 0, 20, 40, and 60 lb N/a) and tillage intensity (conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT)) on soil phosphorus (P), micronutrients, and soil acidity in a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)–sorghum (Sorghum bicolorL.)–fallow cropping system. Results showed soil organic matter (SOM), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were greater under NT compared to CT or RT. Similarly, NT ( 32 ppm) increased P accumulation in the upper …

Water Ph Effects On Survival, Reproductive Performances, And Ultrastructure Of Gonads, Gills, And Skins Of The Javanese Medaka (Oryzias Javanicus), Ahmad Fadhil Mohd Salleh, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli, Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff, Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim, Ahmad Ismail

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) has the potential to be developed as a test organism. It also exhibited many characteristics that are similar to those of well-known laboratory fishes. This study determined the effects of water pH on the survival, reproductive performances, and ultrastructure of the gonads, gills, and skins of the Javanese medaka. This study confirmed that Javanese medakas treated with pH 6-7 displayed the lowest mortality, but increased in egg production and hatchability. This supposition is supported by strong evidence from the oocytes and testes stage analyses, including histological examinations. The ultrastructure of gills and skins of fish …

Meat Quality Traits Of Male Herik Lambs Raised Under An Intensive Fattening System, Mustafa Uğurlu, Bülent Eki̇z, Bülent Teke, Mustafa Salman, Fi̇li̇z Akdağ, İsmai̇l Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to determine certain meat quality traits of Herik lambs finished under the intensive husbandry conditions. Twenty single male lambs with an average final weight of 42 kg were used in the study. Concentrate feed and fresh water were given ad libitum, whereas 300 g of alfalfa per lamb per day was provided. At 24 h postmortem, the pH levels were 5.51, 5.63, and 5.24 for musculus longissimus dorsi, musculus semitendinosus, and musculus semimembranosus, respectively. The corresponding Warner-Bratzler shear force values (P < 0.001) of cooked meat were 3.359, 2.318, and 3.601 respectively. At 24 h postmortem, the L*(42.18) and a* (19.95) values of Herik lambs were near the acceptable values of L*(34-35) and a*(19.00). At 72 h postmortem, cooking loss and water holding capacity were 34.78% and 10.55%, respectively. Chemical composition traits, namely dry matter (26.35%), protein (22.21%), ether extraction (2.98%), and ash percentage (1.02%), were similar to those of other indigenous breeds. Consequently, these results indicated that the meat of Herik lambs may be suitable for sale after the lambs are raised under an intensive fattening system.

Tissue Ph And Gut Ecomorphology In Six Freshwater Teleostsoccupying Different Trophic Levels, Zhimin Zhang, Xing Tian, Dapeng Li

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study investigated the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood, and muscle pH, and explored the characteristic of gut morphology (relative gut length) associated with trophic level in 6 freshwater teleosts. The results showed that GI pH differences among species and significant differences occurred in GI segments (P < 0.05). The lowest pH values were observed in the stomach of 2 typical carnivorous fish. An increased pH from proximal intestine to distal intestine was found in 4 species. A positive relationship was observed between blood and muscle pH values for these species (P < 0.05). Additionally, relative gut length revealed the trend of divergence depending on the feeding habits (in planktivores > omnivores > carnivores). A robust link was negatively found between relative gut length and trophic level (P < 0.05).

Influence Of Ph And Bulk Density On Carbon Dioxide Efflux In Three Urban Wetland Types, Christopher Chappell, Andra Johnson

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux of three different urban wetlands and how pH and bulk density relate to soil CO₂ efflux of each wetland. The three wetlands were bottomland, upland, and shrub/scrub. The study was conducted over a twenty week period using the Li-Cor 8100 “closed chamber” method to measure soil CO₂ efflux. The findings show that the bottomland wetland efflux was significantly higher than the shrub/scrub and upland wetland. The pH of shrub/scrub was significantly higher than the upland. The bulk density of the bottomland was …

The Effects Of Environmental Factors On Bromeliad Invertebrate Biodiversity, Maya E. Navarro

DePaul Discoveries

Bromeliaceae is a family of Neotropical plants that retain water between leaves of a rosette arrangement. Each water-retaining tank is referred to as a phytotelma. This particular system is important to consider in the understanding of biodiversity because it creates an ecosystem of its own, providing a habitat for many invertebrates and larvae. In this study, the relationship between environmental factors such as water quality and the biodiversity of invertebrates in epiphytic bromeliads was examined in two different settings. Sample sizes of ten bromeliads were taken from the primary and secondary forests of the Las Cruces Biological Station in Coto …

Inhibitory Effect Of K^+ And Ca^{2+} Concentrations, Ph, And Osmolality Of Activation Solution On Motility Of Shabut (Barbus Grypus Heckel 1843) Spermatozoa, Fati̇h Öğretmen, Selami̇ Gölbaşi, Burak Evren İnanan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Evaluation of sperm quality is important in order to understand the main biochemical processes occurring during motility of sperm, to determine the reproductive ability of fish species, and to optimize the environment for spermatozoa. Generally, once differentiated in the gonad the sperm remain there completely quiescent until they are released into an external medium. After activation, motility duration of fish spermatozoa is greatly affected by environmental factors such as pH, ion concentrations, and osmotic pressure. Investigating these factors in relation to fish sperm can help establish good activation or immobilizing media for improving artificial fertilization and preservation. This study aimed …

Relative Tolerance Of Some Tropical Freshwater Microcrustaceans To Acidification, Priyanka Mallick Halder, Pathik Kumar Jana, Susanta Kumar Chakraborty, Samir Banerjee

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present work reports on the effects of low pH values on the mortality of 3 freshwater zooplankton available in the freshwater ponds of Midnapore district. Acute bioassay tests on Daphnia lumholtzi, Moina brachiata, and Heliodiaptomus viduus to varying acidic pH levels of water were performed in the laboratory using serial grades of hydrochloric acid solution. Among the 3 genera, M. brachiata was found to respond sharply to acid stress in a 1-h assay, since 100% mortality was achieved at pH 5.79 (2.347 mM HCl), as compared to H. viduus, which showed 100% death in 1 h only below pH …

Survival And Growth Of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Exposed To Different Water Ph Levels, Mohammad Saeed Heydarnejad

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to examine the survival and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in water with different pH values. Carp (17.8 ± 1.21 cm; 52.14 ± 7.13 g) were transferred to 21 tanks previously adjusted with 7 different pH values: 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0. Each value had 3 replicates, and all experiments lasted for 21 days. The survival and growth of carp were assessed at days 7, 14, and 21. At the end of the 21 days, greater weight, length, survival, and biomass were found for pH values of …

Crumb Pasting And Staling Properties Of White And Traditional Vakfıkebir Breads, H. Gürbüz Kotancilar, K. Emre Gerçekaslan, M. Murat Karaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The crumb pasting properties of Vakfıkebir bread (VB) produced by the sourdough method traditionally and standard white bread (WB) produced by the straight dough method were investigated. For both bread types, 2 different weights of loaf were produced (500 and 1500 g). One hour after removal from the oven the loaves were wrapped in 2-layer polyethylene bags and stored at room temperature (about 20 °C) for 5 days. During storage, crumb and crust aw, pH, softness, and pasting properties of bread crumb were determined for both bread types. The aims of this study were to compare the crumb pasting properties …

The Determination Of Microbial Flora, Water Activity And Chemical Analyses In Smoked, Canned Mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialis, L.), Gülgün F. Ünal Şengör, Hani̇fe Kalafatoğlu, Hüseyi̇n Gün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study reports the water activity, moisture, sodium chloride, pH, acidity, vinegar, total plate count, fecal coliform, coliform and Clostridium botulinum of canned mussels processed by 2 different smoking techniques. The results indicated that the average measured water activity was 0.971 ± 0.001 for liquid smoked canned mussel with curry sauce and 0.982 ± 0.001 for traditional smoked mussel. The moisture of samples varied between 69.440% for traditional smoked mussel and 76.35% for salting before traditional smoking. The moisture, salt, pH, acidity and vinegar were significantly different in some of the groups (P < 0.05). Mussels smoked using liquid and oak wood sawdust, in tomato puree sauce, curry sauce and sunflower oil sauce, were sterilized at 120 ± 1 ºC and 5.2 ± 0.1 F_0. In none of the products was swelling or C. botulinum detected at 37 ºC or 55 ºC. Prior to canning, the mussels were investigated for fecal coliform, coliform and total plate count and found to carry no risk in terms of these parameters.

The Behavior Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Sucuks Produced With Different Lactic Starter Cultures, Mükerrem Kaya, Hüsnü Yusuf Gökalp

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the growth and viability status of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated during the ripening and storage period of sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage) produced using different lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum Lb 8 and L. plantarum Lb 75, Pediococcus acidilactici Lb 626, P. pentosaceus Lb 1010, L. sakei 706 and L. sakei 706-B). The initial inoculum of L. monocytogenes into sucuk dough was 10^4 cfu/g. There was a significant increase in the L. monocytogenes counts during the first 3 days of ripening of sucuk produced without starter culture. A similar result was observed in sucuk fermented with L. …

The Effects Of Starter Cultures And Different Nitrite Doses On The Growth Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Sucuk Production, Mükerrem Kaya, Hüsnü Yusuf Gökalp

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of different nitrite doses (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm NaNO_2) and starter culture (Lactobacillus plantarum + Staphylococcus carnosus, a commercial preparation) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage) were investigated. The initial inoculation of the L. monocytogenes was 10^4 cfu/g for each sucuk dough mix. At the beginning of the ripening period in sucuk samples containing different amounts of NaNO_2 and without starter culture, L. monocytogenes growth was observed. On the 3^{rd} day of ripening the L. monocytogenes count was over 10^7 cfu/g. No growth was detected in the sucuks containing starter …

Influence Of The Inorganic Carbon Addition On Photosynthesis Of Algae And Some Macrophytes, Meri̇ç Albay, Jan Pokorny

Turkish Journal of Botany

A two-step experiment was conducted in order to understand whether natural algal communities (fish-pond water) and selected macrophytes (Potamogeton pectinatus L. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.). St.John. and Utricularia L. sp.) + algae were limited by lack of inorganic carbon (IC). First, 0.6 ml 1 M KHCO_3- was added to the water of Vajgar and Ratmirovsky ponds, South Bohemia, and incubated for 180 minutes under 125 µE m^{-2} s^{-1} light. Then light intensity was increased to 150 µE m^{-2} s^{-1} and 0.6 ml 1 M KHCO_3- was added to selected macrophytes + Vajgar pond waters and incubated for 50 and 180 minutes. …

Effects Of Ph On The Genesis Of Membrane Potentialchanges At Fertilization In The Egg Of The Frog Ranacameranoi, Şeref Erdoğan, Gülay Loğoğlu, Kerem Tuncay Özgünen, Tuncay Özgünen

Turkish Journal of Biology

The apparent change in the egg membrane potential at fertilization gives rise to fertilization potential (FP) . FP is the initial, transient electrical block to polyspermy as shown in most species especially those exhibiting external fertilization, and it protects the egg from a second sperm entry until the permanent, mechanical block is set up. Polyspermy is lethal in most species, and for a successful fertilization resting membrane potential (RMP) and FP of the egg have to be held in optimum ranges. Shifts in environmental pH may interfere with a successful fertilization by affecting these bioelectrical potentials. In the present study, …

The Effects Of Toxic Aluminium And Low Ph On Gill Development Of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Larvae., Meti̇n Çalta

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the gill development of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) larvae exposed to toxic aluminium (200 ?g/L), those exposed low pH (4.5) alone and those exposed to both for 30 days were investigated under scanning electron microscopy. General appearance of gills, filament and lamella lengths and the number of lamellae per filament were determined in order to evaluate the effects of these toxicants on gill development. In addition, the death rates and general conditions of larvae were observed. In larvae exposed to low pH alone and in those exposed to aluminium alone, a slight thickness in the …

Changes In The Whole Body Mineral Concentration Of The Rainbow Trout (Oncorchynchus Mykisswalbaum) Yolk-Sac Fry Exposed To Various Combinations Of Aluminium And Calcium Concentrations In Two Different Acidic Water, Meti̇n Çalta

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The effects of 12 combinations of pH (4.5 and 7.0), aluminium (4 and 8 ?mol/L) and calcium (10 and 100 \mumol/L) on survival and body mineral (Ca, Mg, K and Na) concentrations of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykissWalbaum) at the yolk-sac stage were investigated. Mortality was low (< 17%) in most combinations and increased (> 27%) in the presence of aluminium and low pH (4.5). Aluminium (4 and 8 ?mol/L) impaired larval development, net uptake of calcium, potassium and sodium, and slightly increased the net loss of magnesium. It was found that these effects of aluminium were more severe at low calcium concentration (10 ?mol/L) and low …

Determinants Of Weddellite Formation: Chondroitin Sulfates And Citrate Determine Weddellite Formation In Vitro, Kookmin M. Kim

Scanning Microscopy

In synthetic urine (SU), addition of oxalate tends to form monohydrates of calcium oxalate. However, addition of oxalate to natural urine preferably forms calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Urine apparently contains a determinant for COD formation. To identify the determinant, the effects of pH, temperature, oxalate, calcium, urate, citrate, magnesium, sulfate and chondroitin sulfates (CS) on calcium oxalate crystal formation were studied. Lower temperatures, higher oxalate concentrations and higher pH favored COD formation in a SU. Mixed CS in the presence of citrate were the most decisive determinant of COD formation. Substitution of CS for agar and gelatin produced similar results, …

Confocal Fluorescence Ratio Imaging Of Ion Activities In Plant Cells, M. D. Fricker, M. Tlalka, J. Ermantraut, G. Obermeyer, M. Dewey, S. Gurr, J. Patrick, N. S. White

Scanning Microscopy

Fluorescent probes allow measurement of dynamic changes of calcium and pH in living cells. Imaging using confocal scanning laser microscopy provides a route to spatially map these dynamics over time in single optical sections or in 3-D images. We have developed a dual-excitation confocal system to allow ratio measurements of pH and calcium, that compensate for changes in dye distribution, leakage and photobleaching. Application of these techniques to plant tissues is complicated by the difficulty in loading the tissues with dye. We describe a new technique to assist dye loading in intact leaves of Lemna using a pre-treatment with cutinase. …

Optical Methods For Imaging Ionic Activities, Roger B. Moreton

Scanning Microscopy

Optical fluorescence is characteristic of molecules and their environment, and dyes can be made whose fluorescence is altered by reversible binding to specific ions. By introducing these into the cytosol, fluorescence microscopy can be used to form dynamic images of ionic activities in living cells under experimental manipulation. Optical fluorescence spectra are broad-band, and if specific ion binding alters the wavelength of maximal excitation or emission, quantitative measurements can be made from the ratio of images taken at two different wavelengths, eliminating errors due to spatial variations in dye concentration and optical path-length. This method is analogous to continuum normalisation …

Functional Properties And Microstructure Of Chicken Breast Salt Soluble Protein Gels As Influenced By Ph And Temperature, S. F. Wang, D. M. Smith

Food Structure

The effects of different pH's (4 .5 , 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5) and temperatures (30-80 •c) on the functional properties and microstructure of chicken breast salt soluble protein (SSP) in 0.6 M NaCI were investigated. Protein solubility decreased from 98% at pH 6.5 to less than I% at pH 4.3 and below. Salt soluble protein at pH 4.5 produced a discontinuous gel which could not be measured by back extrusion and had an expressible moisture above 80% at all heating temperatures . Aggregated globular microstructures were observed at pH 4.5 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thin-sectioned images as seen by …