Life Sciences Commons^™

Structural Optimization Design Of Swash Plate Capping Machine Cap Sorter Mechanism Based On Ansys Workbench, Gao Wen-Jiao, Yin Cheng-Long, Pan Zhong-Zheng, Jiang De-Fu, Ke Wan

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to improve the accuracy and feeding speed of the cap arranging unit. Methods: Using SolidWorks to build a virtual model and manufacture a real object, and the kinematic simulation of bottle cap and capping machine was carried out in Adams. Moreover, the results of different speeds were compared and analyzed. ANSYS Workbench was used to carry out engineering simulation of the device components and obtain their natural frequency and vibration mode, and the structural performance was optimized. Results: The cap arranging unit had the minimum damage to the caps at the optimum speed. The optimal speed …

Modeling Of Individual Egg Weights Of Lohmann-Brown Layer Hens, Esra Yavuz, Samet Hasan Abaci, Kadi̇r Erensoy, Mustafa Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the most suitable model for egg weights of the Cubic, Gompertz, Logistics, Gamma, Richard, Piecewise Quadratic, Orscov, and Sigmoaidal models, which are widely used in estimation. Lohmann-Brown Classic laying hens raised in Ondokuz Mayıs University Research and Application farm were used as animal material. In the modeling of egg weights of 351 layer hens raised in 3-storey cages, individual egg weight data measured at weekly intervals, 32 on the 1st floor, 17 on the 2nd floor, and 27 on the 3rd floor, were taken into account, and a total of 76 hens' individual …

Research On Wine Packaging Design Based On Chinese Character Modeling, Huang Shu-Jie

Food and Machinery

Starting with the origin of Chinese characters and wine, the close relationship between Chinese characters and wine packaging were analyzed, and the characteristics of Chinese character wine packaging design were found out. Therefore, the Chinese character shaped wine packaging design methods were proposed from the two aspects of Chinese character "font" and "word meaning", which included direct display method, auxiliary integration method, deep expansion method, form meaning method and image construction method. Finally, four key points of Chinese character shaped wine packaging design were summarized.

Application Of Simulation Modelling In Broiler Integration: Is It A Necessary Nutritional Tool?, Peter Chrystal

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Modelling techniques have been used in many industries globally to illustrate to others an understanding of the way processes work. Also, engineers and scientists employ models to predict the consequences of various courses of action. Simple pictorial models, such as the diagram of the chicken digestive system, are useful in education and may be more suitable than a photograph for the purposes of explaining how the animal converts ingested feed into components that can be assimilated, leaving residue that is excreted. Complex, predictive models seek to quantify a specified outcome based on defined inputs. Many attempts have been made over …

A Simplified Model For The Intermediate Structure Of Strong Fire Whirls, Forman A. Williams

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

A model is described for the overall structure of intense fire whirls, based on a spatially evolving vortex, with circulation enhancement driven by the axial acceleration of low-density gas in the core through the axial pressure gradient. The axial acceleration increases the entrainment rate into the core which, through mass conservation, increases the circulation if the angle between the tangential and radial velocity components remains fixed. The two-zone model employs general balance equations for regions inside and outside a cylinder of fixed radius, each inviscid, the inside region being presumed to have a constant density small compared with the (constant) …

Assessing Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids To Achieve Linear Programming Goals Through Model Extrapolation And Empirical Research, Craig W. Maynard, Ed E. Gbur, Vinh-Loi Ly, Minh-Duc Le, Thi H. Ngan Le Jr, Justina Caldas, Michael T. Kidd

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Renewed interest, especially in the United States, has sparked in assessing branched-chain amino acid interactions in practical diets for broilers. Indeed, as L-valine enters formulation bird nitrogen excesses are reduced as diet protein falls to the new first limiting amino acid (e.g., isoleucine, arginine, or tryptophan). For a United States based example, the result is less oilseeds and more gains, which typically result in increased inclusions in corn or corn by-products, coupled with a concomitant increase in dietary leucine. The proceedings outline the foundations of the branched-chain amino acid early research, antagonism studies, and a meta-analysis conducted on publications with …

Design And Analysis Of The Cylinder Cam Mechanism Of The Group Cover Machine, Li Gan, Yin Cheng-Long, Jiang De-Fu, Ke Wan

Food and Machinery

The cam profile of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the bottle cap assembly machine is designed, the curve is fitted, the three-dimensional model of the SolidWorks is established, and the cylindrical cam and the cylindrical cam of the sinusoidal curve fitting are simulated in Adams by the cylindrical cam and the sinusoidal curve fitting of the five polynomial curve fitting. The result of the simulation is compared and analyzed, which shows that the design of the cam wheel can be used in the manufacture of the cylindrical cam mechanism of the actual group cover machine.

Artificial Neural Models Of Concentrations Of Fungal Spores In The Air For Aerobiological Research, Agnieszka Grinn-Gofron

Turkish Journal of Botany

This article describes in detail an advanced statistical method, the artificial neural network, and the possibilities for its application in aerobiological analyses. The study and models involve the concentration of fungal spores in the air and their relationship with various biological and environmental factors. The author hopes that this work will contribute to a wider use of this method not only in the study of spores but also the concentration of pollen grains.

Brave Spaces: Augmenting Interdisciplinary Stem Education By Using Quantitative Data Explorations To Engage Conversations On Equity And Social Justice, John R. Jungck, Jon Manon

Numeracy

In workshops and courses involving in-service teachers, participating teachers can engage in problem posing and exploration of difficult issues when they are asked to quantitatively model alternative scenarios, statistically analyze complex data, and visualize these data in multiple formats. Subsequent to these activities, discussions of sensitive issues, some even considered taboo in classrooms, can open up “brave spaces” in these teachers’ classrooms. Without coaching through elaborate facilitation strategies, the in-service teachers grappled openly with the nuances of such difficult issues and raised many alternatives involving quantitative reasoning as well as considering biological, cultural, economic, social, and political factors influencing social …

Evaluation Of A Commercial Model For Predicting Growth Performance Of Pigs With Varying Diet Composition And Stocking Density, M. B. Menegat, F. Wu, J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to validate the growth performance predictions of a commercial model (CAMERA®; INTL FCStone, New York, NY) by comparing the optimally-solved estimates with observed growth performance from published studies. Three studies were selected to create 3 feeding scenarios: 1) variation in dietary energy concentrations and fiber sources (Nitikanchana et al., 2015); 2) variation in dietary lysine level (Menegat et al., 2017); and 3) variation in space allowance (Carpenter et al., 2018). For each validation scenario, the growth performance of pigs from the best-performing treatment group was first estimated, calibrated using the observed performance, and used …

He Scenario Tree Epidemiological Model In Estimation Effects Of B. Melitensis Rev 1 Vaccination On Disease Prevalence, Sabina Seric Haracic, Nihad Fejzic, Ermin Saljic, Dzenita Hadzijunuzovic Alagic, Mo Salman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

minant brucellosis. The stochastic scenario tree model was used to simulate vaccination and surveillance implementation during 8 years. Outputs were annual proportions of true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative flocks. Vaccination coverage was described by the Pert distribution with average 70% and min and max 50% and 80%, respectively. Effects of risk factors (high prevalence-areas and transhumance) were considered. The model was separately simulated for three levels of initial average flock prevalence (2%, 5%, and 10%). In the following years, flock prevalence arising from the fitted distribution of the false negative flocks from the previous year increased …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Histidine:Lysine Ratio On Growth Performance Of 15- To 25-Lb Pigs, H. S. Cemin, R. M. Karns, C. M. Vier, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, K. J. Touchette, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) His:Lys requirement of 15- to 25-lb nursery pigs. A total of 360 and 350 pigs (DNA 241 × 600), initially 15.6 and 14.5 lb body weight (BW), were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. There were 5 pigs per pen and 12 and 10 replicates per treatment in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. After weaning, pigs were fed a common pelleted diet for 10 d in Exp. 1 and 7 d in Exp. 2. Then, pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW …

Effects Of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine On 15- To 25-Lb Nursery Pigs, G. E. Nichols, C. M. Vier, A. B. Clark, M. B. Menegat, H. S. Cemin, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, S. S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 300 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initial pen average BW of 15.4 lb) were used in a 22-d growth trial to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement of nursery pigs from 15- to 25-lb. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and allotted to pens based on BW and gender. There were 10 replicate pens per treatment and 6 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a common pelleted diet for 10 d post-weaning. Subsequently, pens of pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 experimental diets in a randomized complete block design, …

Upper, Lower Solutions And Analytic Semigroups For A Model With Diffusion, Yannick T. Kouakep

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this discussion we consider an autonomous parabolic epidemic 2-dimensional system modelling the dynamics of transmission of immunizing diseases for a closed population into bounded regular domain. Our model takes into account diffusion of population with external influx as well as one class of infected individuals. We study the well-posedness two-component diffusion equations including external supplies with Neumann conditions using upper/lower solutions and analytic semigroups. In case of constant population or not, with non-oscillatory solution and constant diffusion, this problem admits travelling wave solutions whose minimum wave speed is surveyed here.

Nondestructive Determination Of Spruce Lumber Wood Density Using Drilling Resistance (Resistograph) Method, Bi̇lgi̇n İçel, Gürcan Güler

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The use of Resistograph for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation of certain properties of standing trees and wooden materials has increased in recent years. The resistance to penetration of a fine drill bit is measured and recorded by the device. A number of properties of the wood can be assessed by the amplitude values obtained from the Resistograph. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the IML-Resistograph F 500 as a nondestructive tool for estimating spruce wood density using the amplitude data generated and the application of statistical modeling. Wood density data were determined using a …

Systematic Ichthyofaunal Surveys In Urban And Non-Urban Watersheds, Eugene G. Maurakis, David V. Grimes, Amanda Schutt, Suzy Short

Virginia Journal of Science

Objectives were to model fish species richness relative to natural and anthropogenic variables in Quantico Creek, a forested undisturbed stream environment, and Cameron Run, a highly disturbed urban stream environment in the lower Piedmont-Fall Line region of the Potomac River watershed. Species richness in all stream orders (e.g. avg. range=2.5-9.65 in 1st-3rd orders) of Quantico Creek were significantly higher than those (e.g. avg. range=2.1- 7.6 in 1st -4th orders) of Cameron Run. Fish species richness in Quantico Creek watershed can be modeled by eight factors: season, stream order, elevation, river km, stream width and depth, watershed size, and percent of …

Physicochemical And Rheological Characteristics Of Alcohol Free Probiotic Boza Produced Using Lactobacillus Casei Shirota: Estimation Of Apparent Viscosity Of Boza Using Non-Linear Modeling Techniques, İsmet Öztürk, Safa Karaman, Fati̇h Törnük, Osman Sağdiç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of fermentation with 2 different starter culture mixtures composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on some physicochemical, microbiological, sensorial, and rheological characteristics of boza, a traditional fermented Turkish beverage, during storage for 10 days at 8 ^°C were investigated. Lb. casei Shirota adapted in boza well and provided the boza with a probiotic property. At the beginning of storage, the Lb. casei Shirota count of boza was 6.83 log cfu mL^{-1}, while total LAB counts were 8.01 and 8.11 log cfu mL-1 for S1 and S2 samples, respectively. A decrease in pH values was observed when the counts …

General Modeling Of Vertical Jump Height With Countermovement Aids From Arms (Cmja) And Squat Jump (Sj) Techniques For Young Soccer Players, Tiago Volpi Braz, Leandro Mateus Pagoto Spigolon, João Paulo Borin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In the training of youngest soccer players, the knowledge of components of the explosive strength power as the contractile, elastic series and parallel series is fundamental in the sports preparation. Consequently, it is important to seek general models used as parameter for athletes, whether with morphofunctional characteristics, of sports preparation aspects or structure of competitive activity. So, this study aimed to seek an general model of vertical jump height with countermovement aids from arms (CMJa) and Squat Jump (SJ) techniques for young soccer players. Participants were 164 young soccer players (17.42±1.06 years) of juvenile and junior championship of Soccer Paulista …

Fish Acoustics: Physics-Based Modeling And Measurement, Davis Benjamin Reeder

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The U.S. Office of Naval Research has sponsored research in the area of marine organism acoustics for many years. The research program has included development of theoretical physics-based acoustic scattering models of single animals, high-resolution laboratory measurements of scattering by individual animals, and at-sea field experiments. The program has been focused on the backscattered signal, but has also included investigation of the forward-scattered signal. Downward-looking acoustic surveys using ship borne echosounders rely on the backscattered signal and provide non-invasive, non-destructive, rapid, high-resolution, large area survey capability compared to traditional net tows. Horizontally-oriented acoustic surveys provide the opportunity to investigate both …

Parametric Modeling Of Root Length Density And Root Water Uptake In Unsaturated Soil, Sina Besharat, Amir Hossein Nazemi, Ali Ashraf Sadraddini

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The problem of water movement through the root zone has attracted increasing interest during the last few decades. In this research, the spatial and temporal pattern of root water uptake in wetted soil was studied in the root zone of a 6-year-old apple tree. An important part of the root water uptake model is root length density, which was measured by sampling soil cores in one quarter of the root zone. The exponential model better described the observed apple root distribution. The measured data were compared against the outputs of the root density distribution model. A normalized root length density …

Menu Analysis: A Review Of Techniques And Approaches, James J. Taylor, Denise M. Brown

Hospitality Review

This review discusses menu analysis models in depth to identify the models strengths and weaknesses in attempt to discover opportunities to enhance existing models and evolve menu analysis toward a comprehensive analytical model.

Comparison Of Erosion And Runoff Predicted By Wepp And Agnps Models Using A Geographic Information System, Hali̇l Kirnak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and the Agricultural Non-Point-Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) were used in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS) database to predict runoff and sediment discharges for Rock Creek watershed, an agricultural watershed in Ohio, USA. Observed and predicted values were compared for selected storm events in 1988 and 1990. The statistical evaluation of the WEPP and AGNPS models showed that WEPP predicted average runoff, peak runoff and sediment yield better than AGNPS. WEPP and AGNPS overpredicted peak runoff rates compared to observed data by 15.5% and 26.5%, respectively. The t-test showed that there was …

Combinatorial Optimization In Forest Ecosystem Management Modeling, Emi̇n Zeki̇ Başkent

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Modeling forest management activities has been tackled by scientists over the last two decades. Both simulation and optimization techniques have been used in solving forest management planning problems. With the introduction of ecosystems management that focuses on the sustainable production and maintenance of ecological, social and economical values, neither approach provided a credible solution technique to help design the complex structure of forest management activities. Alternative to these, is a group of meta-heuristic or combinatorial optimization techniques which have just gained the attention of forest modelers. In this paper, an attempt is made to introduce the concept of combinatorial optimization, …

Water Diffusion Coefficients Of Selected Legumes Grown In Turkey As Affected By Temperature And Variety, Ferda Seyhan Gürtaş, M. Mehmet Ak, E. Özgül Evranuz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The kinetics of water absorption by chickpeas (Koçbaşı, Kuşbaşı), lentils (green Pul) and beans (Battal, Dermason, Horoz, Şeker) grown in Turkey were studied by a gravimetric method during soaking at 15, 25 and 40ºC to determine moisture diffusivity of these selected legumes. The water diffusion coefficients of the legumes were in the range 9.71x10^{-11} - 5.98x10^{-10} m^2/s for the chickpeas, 3.53x10^{-10} - 1.33x10^{-9} m^2/s for the lentils and 4.35x10^{-11} - 3.79x10^{-9} m^2/s for the beans. An Arrhenius-type equation described the strong temperature effect on the diffusion coefficient with activation energies of 48.6-49.8 kJ/g-mol for chickpeas, 39.7 kJ/g-mol for lentils, and …

Electron Image Simulation: A Complementary Processing Technique, Michael A. O'Keefe

Scanning Electron Microscopy

At present it is difficult to use direct image processing techniques to determine the specimen structure from electron micrographs obtained under non-linear imaging conditions, and impossible when the effects of dynamical scattering are strong (as in the case of thicker specimens). However, computing techniques are available to simulate high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images of postulated model structures. With these techniques it is possible to confirm the validity of interpretation of recorded micrographs, to help analyze crystal defects, to characterize microscope parameters, and to determine the ranges of validity of commonly used interpretive approximations. Because processed micrographs can lead to …

Modeling Of Depth Distribution Of X-Ray Production, J. D. Brown

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Knowledge of X-ray production as a function of depth by electrons (𝜙(𝜚z) curves) is important in quantitative electron probe microanalysis and other electron beam technologies. Extensive measurements of such curves have been made for electron energies between 6 and 30 keV and for many X-ray lines and matrix elements. Two experimental techniques based on measurements on sandwich or wedge shaped specimens have been used.

A number of expressions have been used to model 𝜙(𝜚z) curves from a square function through complicated polynomial expressions. Recently, a Gaussian model has been proposed which accurately reflects the shape of the 𝜙(𝜚z) curves and …