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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Animal Sciences

1988

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Managing The High-Producing Herd. Iii.Producing High Quality Milk (1988), John E. Shirley Jan 1988

Managing The High-Producing Herd. Iii.Producing High Quality Milk (1988), John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Progress in the dairy industry over the past 30 yr can be defined as a movement toward fewer farms, more cows per farm, fewer total cows, more milk per cow, a gradual decline in total annual milk production from 1950 through 1975 followed by a sharp increase through 1985, a decrease in per capita consumption, and an increase in milk quality.; Dairy Day, 1988, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1988;

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Animal Drugs And The Milk Supply (1988), R.W. Wilson Jan 1988

Animal Drugs And The Milk Supply (1988), R.W. Wilson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The makers of the laws, rules, and regulations governing the production and processing of milk have recognized that milk is the primary diet of the very young and old. This fact mandates that it should be produced and processed in a manner to protect and maintain it in a pure, safe, and unadulterated condition. To determine adulteration of any milk product, one must first understand the legal definition of that product. In general, milk is defined as "the lacteal secretion of healthy cows that is practically free from colostrum." Anything that alters the product from the intent of this definition …

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Effects Of Production On Reproductive Traits In Kansas Holstein Herds (1988), Edward P. Call Jan 1988

Effects Of Production On Reproductive Traits In Kansas Holstein Herds (1988), Edward P. Call

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The analysis of dairy herds to evaluate the reported negative effect of production on reproduction failed to identify a real relationship. Higher-producing herds excel in all areas of reproductive performance, except conception rate. Of greatest importance is the annual reproductive loss that is affected by the reproductive traits measured. As production per cow increased, the yearly dollar loss per cow declined from a high of $163 to $73 yearly in the group averaging 20,118 lb milk.; Dairy Day, 1988, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1988;

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Nutrient Requirements Of Dairy Cattle Revised (1988), James R. Dunham Jan 1988

Nutrient Requirements Of Dairy Cattle Revised (1988), James R. Dunham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The 1988 National Research Council's (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle have been revised. Adjustments have been made in the recommended requirements for net energy for lactation (NEL); crude protein (CP); calcium (Ca); phosphorus (P); and vitamins A, D, and E. In addition, suggestions are made for using undegraded intake protein (UIP) and degraded intake protein (DIP) for diet formulation.; Dairy Day, 1988, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1988;

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Responses Of Pig Embryos To Amino Acids (1988), C F. Rosenkrans, Duane L. Davis Jan 1988

Responses Of Pig Embryos To Amino Acids (1988), C F. Rosenkrans, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mixtures of vitamins and amino acids produced detrimental effects on the development of pig embryos. However, addition of three amino acids, phenylalanine, methionine, and isoleuncine, enhanced pig embryo development.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Effects Of Raw Soybeans, Roasted Soybeans, And Soybean Oil On Finishing Pig Performance (1988), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines Jan 1988

Effects Of Raw Soybeans, Roasted Soybeans, And Soybean Oil On Finishing Pig Performance (1988), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of raw soybeans, roasted soybeans, and soybean oil on finishing pig performance. In trial 1 pigs were fed a low protein control diet containing 7.5% soybean meal and synthetic lysine. Raw soybeans were added at levels of 8.75, 11.90, 15.05, and 18.20% of the diet. The raw soybean additions replaced the synthetic lysine and part of the milo in the diet and provided lysine levels of .60, .67, .74, and .81% as raw soybean level increased, respectively. Increasing level of raw soybeans had no affect on average daily gain (ADG) or average …

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Effect Of Processing On Physical Characteristics, Handling Properties And Utilization Of Wheat Middlings (1988), C H. Fahrenholz, G L. Allee, D Eustace, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1988

Effect Of Processing On Physical Characteristics, Handling Properties And Utilization Of Wheat Middlings (1988), C H. Fahrenholz, G L. Allee, D Eustace, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat middlings were pelleted and ground through different types of grinders. The resulting products were incorporated into finishing pig diets and a digestion trial was conducted to determine the effect of processing on nutrient utilization. Pelleting and grinding midds prior to use in pelleted finishing diets improved pelleting throughput and efficiency. Results of the digestion study showed there were no detrimental effects on nutrient utilization because of processing. This, along with reduced shipping costs and improved handling characteristics, indicate that pelleting wheat midds at the flour mill would be beneficial to the feed industry and could result in lower feed …

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Comparison Of Wet Versus Dry Feeding For Starter Pigs (1988), R C. Thaler, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1988

Comparison Of Wet Versus Dry Feeding For Starter Pigs (1988), R C. Thaler, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies utilizing a total of 480 pigs (21 days old) were conducted to compare wet versus dry feeding during a 4 wk starter period. Pigs were fed a pelletized, high nutrient density diet for the first 2 wk and a semi-complex diet (meal form) for the last 2 wk. Aqua® feeders were used in all pens. During the first 2 wk of the study, feeding method had no effect on daily gain or feed intake; however, pigs fed dry diets required less feed per pound of gain than did pigs consuming wet diets (P<.0002). For the overall 4 wk trial, gains and feed intake did not differ between treatments, but pigs fed the wet diets were less efficient than pigs receiving the dry diets. Based on these results, wet feeding is not advantageous to starter pig performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Space Requirement Of Finishing Pigs Fed To Heavier Weight (1988), David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1988

Space Requirement Of Finishing Pigs Fed To Heavier Weight (1988), David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials, using a total of 240, crossbred, finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate 7, 9, and 11 ft^2 space allowance per pig from approximately 115 lb to a market weight of 250 lb. Pigs were removed individually each week as they reached the desired weight. Pigs reared in pens with 7 ft^2 had a reduced average daily feed intake and a significantly reduced average daily gain compared to those with 9 and 11 ft^2. Feed/gain was the same for all treatments; however, the pigs with 7 ft^2 required 4 days longer to reach 250 lb. Performance data suggests that …

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Hedging Opportunities For Feeder Pig Finishers (1988), Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1988

Hedging Opportunities For Feeder Pig Finishers (1988), Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined the frequency of profitable, short, hedging opportunities that have been available to feeder pig finishers in recent years. The results indicate that there have been periods offering frequent opportunities to "lock in" a profit by hedging. However, there have not been many extended periods beyond 6 mo offering frequent profitable hedging opportunities, and over several feeding periods, no trading day offered profitable hedging opportunities. Though not always offering a profit, the futures market offered some improved returns relative to the cash market. During a few feeding periods, improved return opportunities were present in excess of 80% of …

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Wet Vs. Dry Ad Libitum Feeding Of Growing-Finishing Swine (1988), David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines Jan 1988

Wet Vs. Dry Ad Libitum Feeding Of Growing-Finishing Swine (1988), David A. Nichols, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred and twenty-four growing-finishing pigs were used to evaluate wet vs. dry ad libitum feeding utilizing the Pride of the Farm Maxima®feeder. Growth rate, average daily feed intake, and feed/gain were the same for those pigs fed with feeders having water nozzles in the trough (wet) or (Finishing, Wet vs. Dry) without the nozzles in the trough of the feeder (dry).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

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Influence Of Limited-Creep Feeding On Pre And Postweaning Performance Of Spring Born Calves, P. Houghton, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, B. Schalles, K. Zoellner Jan 1988

Influence Of Limited-Creep Feeding On Pre And Postweaning Performance Of Spring Born Calves, P. Houghton, F. Brazle, Gerry L. Kuhl, B. Schalles, K. Zoellner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two limited-creep feeding trials were conducted in Northwest and Southeast Kansas using spring-born, suckling calves to evaluate the effect of available forage supply on creep-fed calf performance. Energy vs. protein creep feeds were compared at each location. Creep feed intake was limited with salt to achieve an average daily intake of about 1.5 lb per head. Calves consuming the limited energy and protein creep feeds gained from 0.1 to 0.6 lb more per head daily preweaning, and required 2.3 to 7.6 lb of creep per lb of extra weaning weight. Postweaning gains of the noncreep-fed calves were .12 to .27 …

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Influence Of Supplemental Protein Versus Energy Level On Intake, Fill, Passage, Digestibility, And Fermentation Characteristics Of Beef Steers Consuming Dormant Bluestem Range Forage, T. Delcurto, B. Cochran, T. Avery, A. Beharka Jan 1988

Influence Of Supplemental Protein Versus Energy Level On Intake, Fill, Passage, Digestibility, And Fermentation Characteristics Of Beef Steers Consuming Dormant Bluestem Range Forage, T. Delcurto, B. Cochran, T. Avery, A. Beharka

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to evaluate effects of protein versus energy level in milo/soybean meal supplements on intake and utilization of dormant, bluestem forage. Forage dry matter intake and utilization of dormant bluestem forage appears to increase at higher levels of supplemental protein. Increased supplemental energy may be associated with depressed intake and utilization, particularly when supplements are low in protein.

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Performance Of Stocker Heifers And Steers Grazing High Endophyte Fescue And Offered Oxytetracycline In A Mineral Mixture., K. Coffey, F. Brazle Jan 1988

Performance Of Stocker Heifers And Steers Grazing High Endophyte Fescue And Offered Oxytetracycline In A Mineral Mixture., K. Coffey, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of stocker calves grazing high-endophyte fescue (68 to 70%) and offered oxytetracycline in a free-choice mineral supplement. In Experiment 1, 24 yearling crossbred heifers were utilized in a 112-day grazing study beginning on June 18. Performance of both control calves and those receiving oxytetracycline was extremely poor, making data interpretation difficult. Average oxytetracycline consumption was 327 mg per head, daily. Approximately 8296 of the total grazing time occurred during the daylight hours (6arn - l0pm) for both treatment groups. Heifers offered the medicated mineral mix grazed 20 minutes more than heifers offered …

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Effect Of Medicated Mineral Mixtures And A Pinkeye Vaccine On The Gain And Health Of Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures, F. Brazle Jan 1988

Effect Of Medicated Mineral Mixtures And A Pinkeye Vaccine On The Gain And Health Of Steers Grazing Native Grass Pastures, F. Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feeding supplements containing an antibiotic or ionophore improved stocker gains by .06 to .26 lb per head daily. A combination of Bovatec and Aureomycin in the mineral mixture improved (P<.08) steer gains over feeding Aureomycin alone. Mineral intake was higher than expected for the steers grazing burned, double-stocked) native grass pastures in 1987. Vaccinating steers with Piliguard at turn-out had no effect on pinkeye incidence and reduced stocker gains slightly.

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Influence Of Ralgro® On Suckling Calf Performance On Tall Fescue Pastures With Various Levels Of Endophyte Infestation, F. Brazle, J. Whittier Jan 1988

Influence Of Ralgro® On Suckling Calf Performance On Tall Fescue Pastures With Various Levels Of Endophyte Infestation, F. Brazle, J. Whittier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four hundred and ten cow-calf pairs were allotted to tall fescue pastures containing 40, 45, or 70% endophyte fungus infestation. One half of the calves in each pasture were implanted with Ralgro® initially and reimplanted about 110 days later. Calf gains on the 70% endophyte fungus pasture showed a greater (P<.05) response to implanting than those grazing the 40 and 45% endophyte-infested tall fescue pastures during the 165 day trial.

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Effects Of Sugar, Internal Cooking Temperature, And Hot-Boning On The Characteristics Of Low Fat, Restructured, Value-Added Beef Roasts, S.J. Goll, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1988

Effects Of Sugar, Internal Cooking Temperature, And Hot-Boning On The Characteristics Of Low Fat, Restructured, Value-Added Beef Roasts, S.J. Goll, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Low fat, restructured beef roasts were made from muscles that were conventionally or hot-boned. Differing combinations of salt, phosphate, and glucose were added. Then roasts were cooked to 145 ÌŠF or 200 ÌŠF. Roasts from conventionally boned muscle generally had less warmed-over flavor and higher acceptability scores than those from hot-boned muscle. Adding glucose with salt and phosphate helped suppress warmed-over flavor throughout display and did not reduce flavor acceptability or increase cooking loss. Roasts cooked to 200 ÌŠF had lower warmed-over flavor scores and were more acceptable, but were less cohesive and had higher cooking losses than roasts cooked …

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Kansas Custom Cattle Feeding Practices, Ted C. Schroeder, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1988

Kansas Custom Cattle Feeding Practices, Ted C. Schroeder, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A survey of Kansas custom cattle feedlots was conducted in the fall of 1987. This paper summarizes the survey and discusses some of the custom cattle feeding services and charges being offered.

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Daily Or Weekly Rotational Feeding Of Bovatec®- And Rumensin®/Tylan® To Cattle On A Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Ration, Robert T. Brandt Jr. Jan 1988

Daily Or Weekly Rotational Feeding Of Bovatec®- And Rumensin®/Tylan® To Cattle On A Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Ration, Robert T. Brandt Jr.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty-five crossbred steers averaging 823 lb were utilized to evaluate the daily or weekly rotational feeding of ionophores. Treatments were (g/ton of feed, 90% dry basis): 1) Bovatec (B; 30), 2) Rumensin plus Tylan (RT; 25 and 10, respectively), 3) treatments one and two in a daily rotation (D), and 4) treatments one and two in a weekly rotation (W). Steers fed RT consumed less (P<.05) dry matter than B, D>or W steers. No differences (P>.15) in daily gain were observed, suggesting that the increased consumption by B, D) and W steers was accompanied by an al teration in passage rate …

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Incidence Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers At Slaughter, S.B. Laudert Jan 1988

Incidence Of Pregnancy In Feedlot Heifers At Slaughter, S.B. Laudert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nearly 83,000 heifers were observed at slaughter during 1986 and 1987 to determine their reproductive status. Slightly less than 4 percent were found to be pregnant. Highest incidences of pregnancy were found during the winter months of November through March. Lowest incidences were found during August, September. and October.

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Effect Of Tetronasin On Frothy Bloat In Cattle Caused By High-Grain Diet, L.R. Neibarger, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1988

Effect Of Tetronasin On Frothy Bloat In Cattle Caused By High-Grain Diet, L.R. Neibarger, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feeding Tetronasin reduced incidence of frothy bloat in cattle fed a high-grain diet. The effective dose was 0.25 mg/kg body weight when administered prior to the onset of frothy bloat. At 0.15 mg/kg body weight, the antibiotic was less effective but the degree of bloat was considerably less than that of steers fed no antibiotic. Tetronasin also reduced the severity of bloat in steers that were already bloating prior to its administration.

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Experimental Induction And Monitoring Of Liver Abscesses In Cattle With Ultrasonography, K.F. Lechtenberg, T.B. Avery, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1988

Experimental Induction And Monitoring Of Liver Abscesses In Cattle With Ultrasonography, K.F. Lechtenberg, T.B. Avery, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We have demonstrated that ultrasonography can be used to visualize liver abscess in live cattle. We have also developed a nonsurgical method of catheterizing the bovine portal vein and experimentally inducing liver abscesses by inoculating the portal vein with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteria.

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Whole-Plant Forage And Grain Sorghums And Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, B. Kirch, S. Hamma, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover, Jack G. Riley Jan 1988

Whole-Plant Forage And Grain Sorghums And Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, B. Kirch, S. Hamma, K. Bolsen, J. Hoover, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to determine the feeding value of whole-plant forage sorghum, grain sorghum, and corn silages, with and without 25% rolled grain sorghum added to the ration. In general, growing cattle fed corn or grain sorghum silages out-performed those fed forage sorghum silages. Only forage sorghums with moderate grain yields supported gains approaching those from grain sorghum silages. With the addition of 25% rolled grain sorghum, cattle performance from the low and medium grain-yielding forage sorghum silages was improved greatly (gains by 20 to 44%, dry matter intake by 12 to 17%, feed conversion by 4 to 25%). …

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The Effect Of Alfalfa Weevil Control On Alfalfa Hay Yield And Quality, B. Ritter, B. Bauernfeind Jan 1988

The Effect Of Alfalfa Weevil Control On Alfalfa Hay Yield And Quality, B. Ritter, B. Bauernfeind

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 2-year-old, irriagated alfalfa field was left untreated or treated with ¼ lb, ½ lb, or 1 lb of Furadan® per acre on April 5, 1986. Alfalfa weevil populations were determined 2,9,16 and 23 days post-spraying. Forage samples were collected at about the 1/10 bloom stage of maturity. All three Furadan levels provided excellent weevil control up to 23 days post-spraying, and all resulted in an increase in dry matter yield. But only the yield of the 1 lb./A. treatment was significantly (P<.15) greater than the untreated forage (1.97 vs. 2.44 tons/A). There was no difference in nutrient composition between the untreated and treated forage. All Furadan treatment resulted in a net economic gain per acre. In this study, between ½ lb and 1 lb Furadan per acre resulted in the greatest weevil control and economic return per acre.

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Evaluation Of Mga And Prostaglandin As An Estrous Synchronization Procedure Under Field Conditions, P.L. Houghton, L.R. Corah, T.B. Goehring Jan 1988

Evaluation Of Mga And Prostaglandin As An Estrous Synchronization Procedure Under Field Conditions, P.L. Houghton, L.R. Corah, T.B. Goehring

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

When fed MGA (0.5 mg.hd/day) for 14 days, followed by a prostaglandin injection 17 days later, a total of 736 out of 1112 heifers at 11 locations expressed signs of estrus within 5 days following the PG injection for a 66.2% response to synchronization. Response rates between locations ranged from 33 to 95% (P<.05). In a comparison of prostaglandin forms at 5 locations, using 789 heifers, response to synchronization was similar (P=.66) between Lutalyse® (62.7% response) and Bovilene® (59.6% response). First-service conception rate was compared in 411 heifers at two locations and was higher for Lutalyse (68.996) than Bovilene (59.996) (P<.08). First-service conception rate varied by technician (P<.05) and ranged from 48.7 to 83.6%.

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Effect Of Cobactin On The Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Beef Steers, L. Corah, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1988

Effect Of Cobactin On The Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Beef Steers, L. Corah, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The addition of Cobactin to feedlot rations had no significant effect on average daily gain or feed efficiency, but did improve quality grade of steers fed for 110 days.

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Farm, Wholesale, And Retail Beef Price Relationship, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1988

Farm, Wholesale, And Retail Beef Price Relationship, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Analysis of weekly retail, wholesale, and farm beef price data indicated that a time lag exists between price changes at the various market levels. Farm-level slaughter cattle price changes typically lead wholesale beef price changes by 2 to 3 weeks. Similarly, wholesale beef price changes typically lead price changes at the retail level by 3 to 4 weeks.

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Evaluation Of Interseeded Grain Sorghum And Soybeans As 8 Silage Crop, S.H.M. Esmail, K. Bolsen, S. Azimi, John E. Shirley Jan 1988

Evaluation Of Interseeded Grain Sorghum And Soybeans As 8 Silage Crop, S.H.M. Esmail, K. Bolsen, S. Azimi, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans were harvested at late-boot, milk, and late-dough maturity stages of the sorghum (62, 77, and 91 days post-planting, respectively). Maximum dry matter yield occurred at the late-dough stage and interseeded silages had higher crude protein contents than the control, late-dough) grain sorghum silage. All silages underwent normal homolactic fermentations and were well preserved. Cellulose and acid detergent fiber contents were also higher in the mixtures than in the control silage, but fiber values decreased as maturity advanced. Digestibilities of most nutrients were similar in the rations, but when considered with chemical composition and yield data, …

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Inoculant-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, B. Kireh, A. Laytimi, J. Hoover, H. Ilg Jan 1988

Inoculant-Treated Corn Silages For Growing Cattle, K. Bolsen, B. Kireh, A. Laytimi, J. Hoover, H. Ilg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Whole-plant corn silages were treated with Ecosyl® in one trial and Biomate4ll or Silagest® in a second trial. In both trials, the silages were well preserved and moderately stable in air during the feed-out period. Inoculated silages had slightly lower ensiling temperatures than control silages. Laboratory silo results indicated that all silages fermented extremely fast, but inoculated silages did have slightly lower pH and higher lactic acid values during the first 4 days post-filling. Calves fed inoculated silage rations tended to gain faster and more efficiently than those fed control silages. Gain per ton of crop ensiled also favored the …

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Selecting Forage Sorghum Cultivars For Silage, J. White, K. Bolsen, B. Kirch, L. Pfaff Jan 1988

Selecting Forage Sorghum Cultivars For Silage, J. White, K. Bolsen, B. Kirch, L. Pfaff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty forage sorghum cultivars were compared in 1986 for agronomic and silage quality traits. Silage yield ranged from 5.3 to 10.0 tons (t) of dry matter (DM) per acre (mean, 7.4 t); grain yield, from 13 to 113 bushels (bu) per acre (mean, 66 bu). Percent lodging was extremely high, with a mean of 51% and only one cultivar free of lodging. Pre-ensiled DM content ranged from 22.2 to 35.4% (mean, 27.4%) and plant height from 85 to 180 inches (mean, 121 inches). Silage quality results showed that in vitro DM digestibility ranged from 44.6 to 62.1% (mean, 53%); crude …

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