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- Bioenergetics; bottom-up forcing; Callyspongia vaginalis; coral reefs; internal waves; food availability; growth; reef sponge (1)
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- Grouper-Snapper Complex; Florida Salt Marshes; Juvenile Fishes; Nekton Use; Species Composition; North-Carolina; Reef Fishes; Abundance; Patterns; Larval (1)
- Marine snow; aggregation; colonization; grazing mortality; bacteria; flagellates; chemotaxis (1)
- Marine turtles; pop-off satellite archival tags; PSATs; eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (1)
- Menhaden Brevoortia-Tyrannus; Peptide Nucleic-Acid; Red Spot Disease; Atlantic Menhaden; Pfiesteria-Piscicida (1)
- Mercenaria Mercenaria; Hard Clam; Northern Quahog; Breeding; Genetics; Heterosis; Inbreeding (1)
- Mummichog Fundulus-heteroclitus; Creosote-Contaminated Environment; Flounder Platichthys-flesus; Sole Parophrys-vetulus; (1)
- Non-native; ballast water introduction; facilitation; oyster; proliferation; parasite (1)
- Palmer Station; LTER; climate change; Ade´lie penguin; Antarctic krill; Antarctic Circumpolar Current (1)
- Perkinsus Marinus; Crassostrea Ariakensis; Pcr; Rftm; Oyster (1)
- Perkinsus marinus; viability; infectivity; fatty acid synthesis (1)
- Phaeocystis pouchetii; mesocosms; nutrients; fjord; biocomplexity (1)
- Picoplankton production; oligotrophic; North Pacific Ocean; photoheterotrophy (1)
- Posidonia australis; seagrass; seed predation; predators; Western Australia (1)
- Rapana venosa; veined rapa whelk; Chesapeake Bay; imposex; biological invasion; gametogenesis; gastropod (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Wild And Aquaculture Populations Of The Eastern Oyster Compared Using Microsatellites, J Carlsson, Cl Morrison, Kimberly S. Reece
Wild And Aquaculture Populations Of The Eastern Oyster Compared Using Microsatellites, J Carlsson, Cl Morrison, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Five new microsatellite markers were developed for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and allelic variability was compared between a wild Chesapeake Bay population (James River) and a hatchery strain (DEBY (TM)). All loci amplified readily and demonstrated allelic variability with the number of alleles ranging from 16 to 36 in the wild population and from 11 to 19 in the DEBY (TM) strain. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated at 0.66 and 0.80 in the hatchery sample. The corresponding estimates were 0.91 and 0.75 in the wild sample. Results indicated lower genetic variability in the DEBY (TM) strain and …
Marine Pelagic Ecosystems: The West Antarctic Peninsula, Hugh Ducklow, Karen Baker, Douglas G. Martinson, Langdon B. Quetin, Robin M. Ross, Raymond C. Smith, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Maria Vernet, William R. Fraser
Marine Pelagic Ecosystems: The West Antarctic Peninsula, Hugh Ducklow, Karen Baker, Douglas G. Martinson, Langdon B. Quetin, Robin M. Ross, Raymond C. Smith, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Maria Vernet, William R. Fraser
VIMS Articles
The marine ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) extends from the Bellingshausen Sea to the northern tip of the peninsula and from the mostly glaciated coast across the continental shelf to the shelf break in the west. The glacially sculpted coastline along the peninsula is highly convoluted and characterized by deep embayments that are often interconnected by channels that facilitate transport of heat and nutrients into the shelf domain. The ecosystem is divided into three subregions, the continental slope, shelf and coastal regions, each with unique ocean dynamics, water mass and biological distributions. The WAP shelf lies within the …
Comparison Of Cell‐Specific Activity Between Free‐Living And Attached Bacteria Using Isolates And Natural Assemblages, Hans-Peter Grossart, Kam W. Tang, Thomas Kiorboe, Helle Ploug
Comparison Of Cell‐Specific Activity Between Free‐Living And Attached Bacteria Using Isolates And Natural Assemblages, Hans-Peter Grossart, Kam W. Tang, Thomas Kiorboe, Helle Ploug
VIMS Articles
Marine snow aggregates are microbial hotspots that support high bacterial abundance and activities. We conducted laboratory experiments to compare cell‐specific bacterial protein production (BPP) and protease activity between free‐living and attached bacteria. Natural bacterial assemblages attached to model aggregates (agar spheres) had threefold higher BPP and two orders of magnitude higher protease activity than their free‐living counterpart. These observations could be explained by preferential colonization of the agar spheres by bacteria with inherently higher metabolic activity and/or individual bacteria increasing their metabolism upon attachment to surfaces. In subsequent experiments, we used four strains of marine snow bacteria isolates to test …
Globally Distributed Mycobacterial Fish Pathogens Produce A Novel Plasmid-Encoded Toxic Macrolide, Mycolactone F, B S. Ranger, E A. Malone, L Mosi, S Adusumilli, R E. Lee, A Coloni, M Rhodes, Plc Small
Globally Distributed Mycobacterial Fish Pathogens Produce A Novel Plasmid-Encoded Toxic Macrolide, Mycolactone F, B S. Ranger, E A. Malone, L Mosi, S Adusumilli, R E. Lee, A Coloni, M Rhodes, Plc Small
VIMS Articles
Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum are closely related pathogens which share an aquatic environment. The pathogenesis of these organisms in humans is limited by their inability to grow above 35 degrees C. M. marinum causes systemic disease in fish but produces localized skin infections in humans. M. ulcerans causes Burulli ulcer, a severe human skin lesion. At the molecular level, M. ulcerans is distinguished from M. marinum by the presence of a virulence plasmid which encodes a macrolide toxin, mycolactone, as well as by hundreds of insertion sequences, particularly IS2404. There has been a global increase in reports of fish …
Genetic Analysis Of White Marlin (Tetrapturus Albidus) Stock Structure, John Graves, Jan Mcdowell
Genetic Analysis Of White Marlin (Tetrapturus Albidus) Stock Structure, John Graves, Jan Mcdowell
VIMS Articles
The genetic basis of stock structure of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860) was inferred from analyses of five tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite loci (n = 214) and the mitochondrial (mt)DNA control region (n = 99) of white marlin from four geographic regions in the Atlantic Ocean. Considerable genetic variation was present in all collections for all molecular markers. Analysis of replicate collections taken in different years from three regions revealed no significant differences in the distribution of allele frequencies among years within regions. The value of global F-statistics for both multilocus microsatellite data and mtDNA control region sequences approached significance …
Microbial Abundance, Composition And Enzymatic Activity During Decomposition Of Copepod Carcasses, Kw Tang, Kml Hutalle, Et Al
Microbial Abundance, Composition And Enzymatic Activity During Decomposition Of Copepod Carcasses, Kw Tang, Kml Hutalle, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Literature suggests that zooplankton carcasses are prevalent at times in both freshwater and marine environments, and could be important substrate sources for water column microbes (Dubovskaya et al. 2003, Hydrobiologia 504:223-227; Tang et al. 2006b, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 68:499-508). We conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the decomposition of copepod carcasses by ambient microbes from Lake Dagow, Germany. Bacteria rapidly colonized and decomposed the carcasses, mainly from the inside. The ambient bacterial abundance increased 2-fold or more at the peak of decomposition, but decreased afterward, presumably due to protozoan grazing. Initial increase in ambient bacteria was faster at 20 degrees …
Phylogeny Of Recent Billfishes (Xiphioidei), Bb Collette, Jan Mcdowell, John Graves
Phylogeny Of Recent Billfishes (Xiphioidei), Bb Collette, Jan Mcdowell, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Billfishes are genetically and morphologically distinct enough from scombroids to merit placement in a separate suborder, Xiphioidei. Two extant families are usually recognized: Xiphiidae (swordfish, Xiphias) and Istiophoridae, currently containing three genera, Istiophorus (sailfishes), Makaira (marlins), and Tetrapturus (spearfishes, white, and striped marlins). Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences (mitochondrial control region, ND2, 12S, and nuclear MN 32 regions) show a different picture of relationships. Makaira is not monophyletic: blue marlin cluster with sailfish and placement of black marlin is unstable. Accepting the molecular phylogeny gives two possible classifications: (1) two genera: blue marlin + …
Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish), Cw Li, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Kimberly S. Reece, Et Al
Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish), Cw Li, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Kimberly S. Reece, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) is the first virus known to be pathogenic to a wild lobster. It infects the Caribbean spiny lobster P. argus from the Florida Keys, and has a predilection for juveniles. The monitoring of the virus in wild populations and study of its behavior in the laboratory require the development of reliable diagnostic tools. A sensitive and specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed for detection of PaV1. The lower detection limit using a 110 bp DNA probe in a dot-blot hybridization for PaV1 DNA was 10 pg of cloned template PaV1 DNA and …
Viability, Infectivity And Fatty Acid Synthetic Activity Of Perkinsus Marinus Meront Cells Incubated In Estuarine And Artificial Seawater, Fle Chu, Ed Lund
Viability, Infectivity And Fatty Acid Synthetic Activity Of Perkinsus Marinus Meront Cells Incubated In Estuarine And Artificial Seawater, Fle Chu, Ed Lund
VIMS Articles
We investigated the viability and fatty acid synthetic activity of in vitro cultured Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) in lipid-free medium and estuarine water, and the infectivity of P. marinus maintained in artificial seawater (ASW). Viability and fatty acid synthetic activity in 7 d old R marinus meronts maintained in lipid-free medium and estuarine water were tested. The infectivity of meronts incubated in ASW was examined by first incubating P. marinus meronts in ASW for 2, 3 or 7 d, and then inoculating viable ASW-incubated meronts into the shell cavity of individual oysters Crassostrea virginica. P. marinus infection prevalence and intensity in …
Genetic Heterogeneity Of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Caught In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean South Of Iceland, J Carlsson, Jr Mcdowell, Et Al
Genetic Heterogeneity Of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Caught In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean South Of Iceland, J Carlsson, Jr Mcdowell, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are currently managed by the member nations of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) as distinct western and eastern stocks, separated by the 45 degrees W meridian. Previous studies of Atlantic bluefin tuna caught in the northeast Atlantic south of Nor-way suggested mixing of putative stocks in the region, based on abrupt shifts in the size and condition of fish during the fishing season. By contrast, more recent studies south of Iceland reported only small differences in size of tuna caught at different times of the season in that area. To …
Biodiversity, Host Specificity, And Dominance By Eusocial Species Among Sponge-Dwelling Alpheid Shrimp On The Belize Barrier Reef, Kenneth S. Macdonald Iii, Ruben Rios, J. Emmett Duffy
Biodiversity, Host Specificity, And Dominance By Eusocial Species Among Sponge-Dwelling Alpheid Shrimp On The Belize Barrier Reef, Kenneth S. Macdonald Iii, Ruben Rios, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Alpheid shrimp represent an abundant and diverse, but poorly characterized, component of the cryptic biodiversity of coral reefs worldwide. Sponge-inhabiting alpheids provide a promising model system for exploring patterns of cryptic reef biodiversity because their habitats (hosts) are discrete and qualitatively distinct units. We tabulated data from 14 years of collections at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize to quantify patterns of diversity, host specificity, and dominance among sponge-dwelling shrimp (Synalpheus), with special attention to eusocial species. From > 600 sampled sponges of 17 species, we recognized at least 36 Synalpheus shrimp species. Of these, 15 (42%) were new to science. Species accumulation …
Incentive-Based Approaches To Sustainable Fisheries, Rq Grafton, R Arnason, Et Al, Je Kirkley, Et Al
Incentive-Based Approaches To Sustainable Fisheries, Rq Grafton, R Arnason, Et Al, Je Kirkley, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The failures of traditional target-species management have led many to propose an ecosystem approach to fisheries to promote sustainability. The ecosystem approach is necessary, especially to account for fishery-ecosystem interactions, but by itself is not sufficient to address two important factors contributing to unsustainable fisheries: inappropriate incentives bearing on fishers and the ineffective governance that frequently exists in commercial, developed fisheries managed primarily by total-harvest limits and input controls. We contend that much greater emphasis must be placed on fisher motivation when managing fisheries. Using evidence from more than a dozen natural experiments in commercial fisheries, we argue that incentive-based …
Molecular Assays For Detecting Aphanomyces Invadans In Ulcerative Mycotic Fish Lesions, Mw Vandersea, Rw Litaker, B Yonnish,, Et Al, H Kator, Et Al
Molecular Assays For Detecting Aphanomyces Invadans In Ulcerative Mycotic Fish Lesions, Mw Vandersea, Rw Litaker, B Yonnish,, Et Al, H Kator, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is the primary etiological agent in ulcerative mycosis, an ulcerative skin disease caused by a fungus-like agent of wild and cultured fish. We developed sensitive PCR and fluorescent peptide nucleic acid in situ hybridization (FISH) assays to detect A. invadans. Laboratory-challenged killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were first tested to optimize and validate the assays. Skin ulcers of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) from populations found in the Pamlico and Neuse River estuaries in North Carolina were then surveyed. Results from both assays indicated that all of the lesioned menhaden (n = 50) collected in September 2004 were …
Interactions Between Marine Snow And Heterotrophic Bacteria: Aggregate Formation And Microbial Dynamics, Hp Grossart, T Kiorboe, Kw Tang, Et Al
Interactions Between Marine Snow And Heterotrophic Bacteria: Aggregate Formation And Microbial Dynamics, Hp Grossart, T Kiorboe, Kw Tang, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Macroscopic aggregates (marine snow) contribute to new production and nutrient dynamics in the upper ocean and vertical fluxes of organic matter to the deep ocean. To test whether microorganisms play a significant role in phytoplankton aggregate formation we studied particle abundance and size as well as abundance, colonization behaviour, and community composition of bacteria during the growth of 2 marine diatoms (Thalassiosira weissflogii and Navicula sp.) under axenic and non-axenic conditions. Community composition of free-living and attached bacteria during phytoplankton growth and aggregation was studied by amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragments and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Our results …
Evaluation Of A Lifetime‐Based Optode To Measure Oxygen In Aquatic Systems, Anders Tengberg, Jostein Hovdenes, Henrik J. Andersson, Olivier Brocandel, Robert J. Diaz, David Hebert, Tony Arnerich, Christian Huber, Arne Kortzinger, Alexis Khripounoff, Francisco Rey, Christer Ronning, Jens Schimanski, Stefan Sommer, Achim Stangelmayer
Evaluation Of A Lifetime‐Based Optode To Measure Oxygen In Aquatic Systems, Anders Tengberg, Jostein Hovdenes, Henrik J. Andersson, Olivier Brocandel, Robert J. Diaz, David Hebert, Tony Arnerich, Christian Huber, Arne Kortzinger, Alexis Khripounoff, Francisco Rey, Christer Ronning, Jens Schimanski, Stefan Sommer, Achim Stangelmayer
VIMS Articles
In this article, we evaluate the performance of a commercially available lifetime‐based optode and compare it with data obtained by other methods. We performed a set of 10 different tests, including targeted laboratory evaluations and field studies, covering a wide range of situations from shallow coastal waters and wastewater treatment plants to abyssal depths. Our principal conclusion is that, owing to high accuracy (± 2 µM), long‐term stability (more than 20 months), lack of pressure hysteresis, and limited cross‐sensitivity, this method is overall more suitable for oxygen monitoring than other methods.
Limits To Top-Down Control Of Phytoplankton By Oysters In Chesapeake Bay, Lawrence R. Pomeroy, Christopher F. D'Elia, Linda C. Schaffner
Limits To Top-Down Control Of Phytoplankton By Oysters In Chesapeake Bay, Lawrence R. Pomeroy, Christopher F. D'Elia, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Articles
Restoration of the oyster Crassostrea virginica population in Chesapeake Bay is often advocated as an easy solution for controlling phytoplankton blooms. Even at their pre-colonial densities, oysters are unlikely to have controlled blooms, despite the fact that sediment cores suggest that pre-colonial spring blooms were smaller than at present. Lack of access to all bay water and low springtime filtration rates would make it impossible for oysters to control the spring bloom and the resulting summer hypoxia. Previous studies have overestimated potential oyster filtration rates, because they extrapolated summer rates to spring conditions that are 20 degrees C cooler. Previous …
Depth-Specific Differences In Growth Of The Reef Sponge Callyspongia Vaginalis: Role Of Bottom-Up Effects, Geoffrey C. Trussell, Michael P. Lesser, Mark R. Patterson, Salvatore J. Genovese
Depth-Specific Differences In Growth Of The Reef Sponge Callyspongia Vaginalis: Role Of Bottom-Up Effects, Geoffrey C. Trussell, Michael P. Lesser, Mark R. Patterson, Salvatore J. Genovese
VIMS Articles
Callyspongia vaginalis, a common reef sponge in the Florida Keys, USA, exhibits depth-specific differences in bioenergetics and growth that are a function of food availability. We measured several physiological parameters in situ to construct the bioenergetic budgets of sponges living in deep and shallow waters. Respiration rates were measured in a recirculating flow respirometer and pumping rates were measured by filming dye ejected from sponge oscula. In addition, inhalent and exhalent water sampled from around sponge colonies at both depths was analyzed using flow cytometry to quantify the concentration and clearance rates of picoplankton. These parameters were used to construct …
Growth And Development Of Veined Rapa Whelk Rapana Venosa Veligers, Jm Harding
Growth And Development Of Veined Rapa Whelk Rapana Venosa Veligers, Jm Harding
VIMS Articles
Planktonic larvae of benthic fauna that can grow quickly in the plankton and reduce their larval period duration lessen their exposure to pelagic predators and reduce the potential for advection away from suitable habitats. Veined rapa whelks (Rapana venosa, Muricidae) lay egg masses that release planktonic veliger larvae from May through August in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Two groups of veliger larvae hatched from egg masses during June and August 2000 were cultured in the laboratory. Egg mass incubation time (time from deposition to hatch) ranged from 18-26 d at water temperatures between 22 degrees C and 27 degrees C. Four …
Diving Behavior And Delayed Mortality Of Olive Ridley Seat Turtles Lepidochelys Olivacea After Their Release From Longline Fishing Gear, Yonat Swimmer, Randall Arauz, Marti Mccracken, Lianne Mcnaughton, Jorge Ballestero, Mike Musyl, Keith Bigelow, Richard Brill
Diving Behavior And Delayed Mortality Of Olive Ridley Seat Turtles Lepidochelys Olivacea After Their Release From Longline Fishing Gear, Yonat Swimmer, Randall Arauz, Marti Mccracken, Lianne Mcnaughton, Jorge Ballestero, Mike Musyl, Keith Bigelow, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
We deployed pop-off satellite archival tags (PSATs) on 14 olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea and 1 green turtle Chelonia mydas in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean between November 2001 and June 2003 to determine dive behavior and post-release mortality following interactions with longline fishing gear. Nine olive ridleys and 1 green turtle were captured by longline fishing gear, and 5 free swimming olive ridleys were hand-captured at the surface to serve as controls. Hooks were removed from all longline-caught turtles, with the exception of 1 olive ridley turtle. PSATs remained on control- and longline-caught olive ridleys for an average of …
Age And Growth Of Wild Suminoe (Crassostrea Ariakensis, Fugita 1913) And Pacific (C-Gigas, Thunberg 1793) Oysters From Laizhou Bay, China, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
Age And Growth Of Wild Suminoe (Crassostrea Ariakensis, Fugita 1913) And Pacific (C-Gigas, Thunberg 1793) Oysters From Laizhou Bay, China, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Shell height at age estimates from Suminoe (Crassostrea ariakensis) and Pacific (C. gigas) oysters from a natural oyster reef in Laizhou Bay, China were compared with shell height at age estimates from triploid C. ariakensis of known age from the Rappahannock River, Virginia. C. ariakensis and C. gigas reach shell heights in excess of 76 mm (3 inches) within 2 years after settlement regardless of the source location. This fast growth appears to continue through at least we 4 or age 5 in wild individuals, because the growth trajectories for both specie, had not reached asymptotic height in (he oldest …
Why Biodiversity Is Important To Oceanography: Potential Roles Of Genetic, Species, And Trophic Diversity In Pelagic Ecosystem Processes, J. Emmett Duffy, John J. Stachowicz
Why Biodiversity Is Important To Oceanography: Potential Roles Of Genetic, Species, And Trophic Diversity In Pelagic Ecosystem Processes, J. Emmett Duffy, John J. Stachowicz
VIMS Articles
The functioning of the global ecosystem is mediated in large part by pelagic marine organisms through their influence on biomass production, elemental cycling, and atmospheric composition. Growing theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the stability and functioning of this complex system may depend, not only on aggregate biomass and production of pelagic producers and consumers, but also on the composition and richness of taxa within those compartments, Yet rigorous experimental tests of relationships between diversity and these aspects of pelagic ecosystem functioning are virtually unknown, Here, we argue for more attention to such research, and we marshal preliminary evidence that …
Fish Assemblages Found In Tidal-Creek And Seagrass Habitats In The Suwannee River Estuary, Troy D. Tuckey, Mark Dehaven
Fish Assemblages Found In Tidal-Creek And Seagrass Habitats In The Suwannee River Estuary, Troy D. Tuckey, Mark Dehaven
VIMS Articles
Fish assemblages were investigated in tidal-creek and seagrass habitats in the Suwannee River estuary, Florida. A total of 91,571 fish representing 43 families were collected in monthly seine samples from January 1997 to December 1999. Tidal creeks supported greater densities of fish (3.89 fish/m(2); 83% of total) than did seagrass habitats (0.93 fish/m(2)). We identified three distinct fish assemblages in each habitat: winter-spring, summer, and fall. Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera), and syngnathids characterized seagrass assemblages, whereas spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), silversides (Menidia spp.), mojarras (Eucinostomus spp.), and fundulids characterized tidal-creek habitats. Important recreational and commercial …
Liver Carcinogenesis In A Non-Migratory Fish: The Association With Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, M. A. Unger
Liver Carcinogenesis In A Non-Migratory Fish: The Association With Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, M. A. Unger
VIMS Articles
Field and laboratory studies indicate a strong positive association between exposure to chemical pollutants in aquatic environments and development of neoplasia in fishes. This brief communication reviews some of the more important North American and European studies that have been conducted on this relationship. We then review work conducted on a small nonmigratory estuarine cyprinodontid teleost fish, the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) in the industrialized Elizabeth River, Virginia USA. Histopathological surveys of mummichogs from variously degraded habitats indicate an association between PAH exposure and development of neoplasia. We have observed non-neoplastic lesions, preneoplasms and hepatic, biliary, exocrine pancreatic and vascular neoplasms …
Temporal And Vertical Dynamics In Picoplankton Photoheterotrophic Production In The Subtropical North Pacific Ocean, M. J. Church, H. W. Ducklow, Et Al
Temporal And Vertical Dynamics In Picoplankton Photoheterotrophic Production In The Subtropical North Pacific Ocean, M. J. Church, H. W. Ducklow, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Heterotrophic microbial production is a fundamental determinant in the flow of bioelements and energy within the pelagic ecosystems of the open ocean. To characterize the temporal dynamics in rates of heterotrophic picoplankton production (HPP), we examined vertical profiles of H-3-leucine (H-3-leu) and [methyl-H-3]-thymidine (H-3-TdR) incorporation at Stn ALOHA (22 degrees 45'N, 158 degrees W) in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Euphotic zone rates of H-3-leu and H-3-TdR incorporation were measured in situ under light and dark conditions on cruises to Stn ALOHA between April 2000 and August 2005. Rates of H-3-leu and H-3-TdR incorporation were elevated in the well-lit upper …
Molecular Detection Of Hematodinium Spp. In Norway Lobster Nephrops Norvegicus And Other Crustaceans, Hamish J. Small, Dm Neil, Ac Taylor, Et Al
Molecular Detection Of Hematodinium Spp. In Norway Lobster Nephrops Norvegicus And Other Crustaceans, Hamish J. Small, Dm Neil, Ac Taylor, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.) from the coastal waters of Scotland is seasonally infected by a parasitic dinoflagellate of the genus Hematodinium. Methods used to detect infection include a morphological index (pleopod diagnosis) and several immunoassays. The present study describes the development and application of a set of Hematodinium-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and DNA probes based on Hematodinium ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In the PCR assay, a diagnostic band of 380 bp was consistently amplified from total genomic DNA isolated from Hematodinium-infected N. norvegicus. The sensitivity of the assay was 1 ng DNA, which is equivalent to 0.6 …
Out-Crossing Among Commercial Strains Of The Northern Quahog, Mercenaria Mercenaria: Survival, Growth And Implications For Selective Breeding, Md Camara, Standish K. Allen Jr., Ryan Carnegie, Kimberly S. Reece
Out-Crossing Among Commercial Strains Of The Northern Quahog, Mercenaria Mercenaria: Survival, Growth And Implications For Selective Breeding, Md Camara, Standish K. Allen Jr., Ryan Carnegie, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Because the accumulation of inbreeding within hatchery-propagated stocks of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), could result in reduced growth and survival, we studied the potential for improving performance through out-crossing among existing hatchery strains. We produced all 10 possible out-crossed combinations among 5 strains of clams as well as all 5 pure parental strains simultaneously in the hatchery and measured their size at the time of metamorphosis (the spat stage) and at the end of a nursery period in mesh bags at a single field site (the seed stage). We then planted replicate plots of all fifteen strains …
New In Situ Method For Measuring Seston Uptake By Suspension-Feeding Bivalve Molluscs, Re Grizzle, Jk Greene, Mark Luckenbach, Ld Coen
New In Situ Method For Measuring Seston Uptake By Suspension-Feeding Bivalve Molluscs, Re Grizzle, Jk Greene, Mark Luckenbach, Ld Coen
VIMS Articles
The most commonly used methods for measuring the amount of seston removed from the water column (uptake) by populations of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs involve taking discrete water samples followed by laboratory analyses. Here we describe a new method based on in situ fluorometry that provides rapid measurement of seston removal rates. The new system is comprised of two identical units, each consisting of an in situ fluorometer, data logger and peristaltic pump with plastic tube attached to a deployment device. The deployment device allows precise placement of the fluorometer probe and intake end of the plastic tube so that in …
Advanced Perkinsus Marinus Infections In Crassostrea Ariakensis Maintained Under Laboratory Conditions, Ja Moss, Em Burreson, Kimberly S. Reece
Advanced Perkinsus Marinus Infections In Crassostrea Ariakensis Maintained Under Laboratory Conditions, Ja Moss, Em Burreson, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
The Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis, has been under investigation since the early 1990s for potential use in restoring the commercial harvest or for aquaculture of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Initial studies focusing on C. ariakensis documented a significant level of tolerance to the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, a pathogen found in almost all reaches of the Bay and widely acknowledged as one of the main reasons for the decline in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, harvest since the late 1980s. Crassostrea ariakensis was demonstrated to acquire P. marinus. however infection intensities, as measured using Ray's thioglycollate medium assay …
Standard And Routine Metabolic Rates Of Juvenile Sandbar Sharks (Carcharhinus Plumbeus), Including The Effects Of Body Mass And Acute Temperature Change, W Wesley Dowd, Richard Brill, Peter Bushnell, John A. Musick
Standard And Routine Metabolic Rates Of Juvenile Sandbar Sharks (Carcharhinus Plumbeus), Including The Effects Of Body Mass And Acute Temperature Change, W Wesley Dowd, Richard Brill, Peter Bushnell, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
Standard and routine metabolic rates (SMRs and RMRs, respectively) of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) were measured over a range of body sizes (n=34) and temperatures normally associated with western Atlantic coastal nursery areas. The mean SMR Q(10) (increase in metabolic rate with temperature) was 2.9 +/- 0.2. Heart rate decreased with increasing body mass but increased with temperature at a Q(10) of 1.8-2.2. Self-paired measures of SMR and RMR were obtained for 15 individuals. Routine metabolic rate averaged 1.8 +/- 0.1 times the SMR and was not correlated with body mass. Assuming the maximum metabolic rate of sandbar sharks …
Survival Of White Marlin (Tetrapturus Albidus) Released From Commercial Pelagic Longline Gear In The Western North Atlantic, David Kerstetter, John E. Graves
Survival Of White Marlin (Tetrapturus Albidus) Released From Commercial Pelagic Longline Gear In The Western North Atlantic, David Kerstetter, John E. Graves
VIMS Articles
To estimate postrelease survival of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) caught incidentally in regular commercial pelagic longline fishing operations targeting swordfish and tunas, short-duration popup satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on captured animals for periods of 5-43 days. Twenty (71.4%) of 28 tags transmitted data at the preprogrammed time, including one tag that separated from the fish shortly after release and was omitted from subsequent analyses. Transmitted data from 17 of 19 tags were consistent with survival of those animals for the duration of the tag deployment. Postrelease survival estimates ranged from 63.0% (assuming all nontransmitting tags were evidence of …